By the end of the spring of 1961, assuming that a general business recovery gets under way, interest rates should begin to edge upward again, depending upon the vigor of the recovery and the determination with which the monetary authorities move to restrain credit availability.

By the end of the nineteenth century, in 1893, when the Big Three, Columbia, and Penn were populous centers of learning, Dartmouth graduated only sixty-nine.

By the end of the century the Roman Catholic Church was beginning to make itself felt, mainly through such institutions as hospitals but also through its attitude towards organized labour.

By the end of the third act, the artist is dead but the body lingers on, a shell among other shells.

By the end of 1863, at Lincoln's direction, General Lorenzo Thomas had recruited 20 regiments of blacks from the Mississippi Valley.

By the end of his life Huxley was widely acknowledged as one of the pre-eminent intellectuals of his time and respected as an important researcher into visual communication and sight-related theories as well.

By the end of the 14th century, most of Anatolia was controlled by various Anatolian beyliks.

By the end of 2010, Armenia ’ s external debt is projected to form about 42 percent of GDP, and 50 percent in 2012.

By the end of the reign of Naram-Sin's son, Shar-kali-sharri ( 2217 – 2193 BC ), the empire had weakened.

By seeking close alliances with powerful noble families, Alexios put an end to the tradition of imperial exclusivity and coopted most of the nobility into his extended family and, through it, his government.

By the end of the novel, the elite cavalry wing is led by a dashing young warrior prince named Artos, whom Sutcliff postulates to be the real Arthur.

By the end of Andronikos II's reign, much of Bithynia was in the hands of the Ottoman Turks of Osman I and his son and heir Orhan.

By now, the war is nearing its end and the German Army is retreating.

By the end of the book, Paul realizes that he no longer knows what to do with himself and decides that he has nothing more to lose.

By the end of the twentieth century " Negro " had come to be considered inappropriate and was rarely used and perceived as a pejorative.

By the end of the 18th century there were no factories or mills and only a few small cottage industries along the border with Zurich.

By the end of 1898, Western pilgrims started coming to Akka on pilgrimage to visit ` Abdu ' l-Bahá ; this group of pilgrims, including Phoebe Hearst, was the first time that Bahá ' ís raised up in the West had met ` Abdu ' l-Bahá.

By the end of 2013, a total of 461 km of high-speed lines are expected to be built.

By the end of 1865, almost 100 clubs were members of the NABBP.

By the end of the game, the ball would be dark with grass, mud, and tobacco juice, and it would be misshapen and lumpy from contact with the bat.

By convention, the top strand is written from the 5 ' end to the 3 ' end ; thus, the bottom strand is written 3 ' to 5 '.

By the end of the 16th century, Bethlehem had become one of the largest villages in the District of Jerusalem, and was subdivided into seven quarters.

By the end of his sole rule ( AD 14 ), Augustus had expanded the empire to the line of the Danube river, which was to remain its central / eastern European border for its entire history ( except for the occupation of Dacia 105-275 ).

The money was devoted largely to developing “ technical advice on the conduct of defoliation and anti-crop activities in Southeast Asia .” By the end of fiscal year 1962, the Chemical Corps had let or were negotiating contracts for over one thousand chemical defoliants.

By 2011, 165 countries had signed the treaty and none are known-though some are still suspected-to possess any biological weapons.

By 2011, nearly six of ten full-time undergraduates qualified for a tuition-free education at CUNY due in large measure to state, federal and CUNY financial aid programs.

By Fall 2011 all halls will have been renovated within the last 4 years.

* Sessions, Jennifer E. By Sword and Plow: France and the Conquest of Algeria ( Cornell University Press ; 2011 ) 352 pages

By June 2011, all sub-districts in Indonesia will be connected with internet.

By comparison, this amounts to approximately addresses for each of the seven billion people alive in 2011.

By the late 20th century, most nations of the former empire had officially adopted the metric system as their main system of measurement, although as of 2011 the United Kingdom had only partially adopted it.

By 2007 the " Bjäre julmust " was only sold at McDonald's restaurants and it had completely disappeared from Coca-Colas range of products by Christmas 2008, only to return for Christmas 2011.

In March 2011, Spader was named to star in By Virtue Fall, a film written and to be directed by Sheldon Turner.

By 2011, Al-Fayed had loaned Fulham F. C.

On May 3, 2011, it was announced that Patti Smith is one of the winners of the Polar Music Prize: " By devoting her life to art in all its forms, Patti Smith has demonstrated how much rock ’ n ' roll there is in poetry and how much poetry there is in rock ’ n ' roll.

By 2011, the three largest producers of dried pasta were Italy ( 3, 247, 322 tonnes ), the United States ( 3, 000, 000 tonnes ), and Brazil ( 1, 300, 000 tonnes ).

By contrast, the Indianapolis Colts — among the most successful franchises in any sport during the 2000s with quarterback Peyton Manning — had a 2-14 record in 2011 because of injuries that prevented Manning from playing.

By April 2011, it was officially confirmed that Crowe's attempt to quit smoking was unsuccessful.

By early 2011 Colombian authorities and news media reported that the FARC and the clandestine sister groups have partly shifted strategy from guerrilla warfare to ' a war of militias ', meaning that they are increasingly operating in civilian clothes while hiding amongst sympathizers in the civilian population.

By end of June 2011, the island's population stood at 5. 18 million with 3. 26 million citizens, 0. 53 million PRs and 1. 4 million non-resident foreigners and is the second most densely populated independent country in the world ( behind Monaco ).

By 2011 the total that the IISS listed was 360: 20 M-60, 60 Type 59, 270 T-54 / 55, and 10 ' Al Bashier ' ( Type-85-IIM ).

By the time the series ended, The X-Files had become the longest-running science fiction series in U. S. television history, though it was subsequently surpassed by Stargate SG-1 in 2007 and by Smallville in 2011.

By early December 2011, the field size had increased to 22, the minimum required for an official bracelet tournament.

By April 2011, approximately 100, 000 visitors per week accessed its data and the Bank awarded prizes to people who had participated in the first competition to use the data to develop mobile apps.

By 2011 the average cost of a wedding decreased slightly to approximately $ 25, 500.

By May 2011, Private Eye claimed to be aware of 53 super-injunctions and anonymised privacy injunctions, though Lord Neuberger's report into the usage of super-injunctions revealed that only two super-injunctions had been granted since January 2010.

" By signing a 10-year ( contract ) with the Teamsters ( and with over 30 other unions representing city employees ), the current administration and City Council unduly hamstrung not only the current management of city government, but the next six years of management as well, a period that extends well beyond the elected terms of the incoming administration and City Council ," according to a March 2011 report from the Office of the Inspector General of the City of Chicago.

By 2011, some 180 modern species, comprising 49 genera, had been described ; the actual number of species is probably about twice this.

By June 2011, the video had acquired over a million views, although no release date for the album has been set.