By the end of the spring of 1961, assuming that a general business recovery gets under way, interest rates should begin to edge upward again, depending upon the vigor of the recovery and the determination with which the monetary authorities move to restrain credit availability.

By the end of the nineteenth century, in 1893, when the Big Three, Columbia, and Penn were populous centers of learning, Dartmouth graduated only sixty-nine.

By the end of the century the Roman Catholic Church was beginning to make itself felt, mainly through such institutions as hospitals but also through its attitude towards organized labour.

By the end of the third act, the artist is dead but the body lingers on, a shell among other shells.

By the end of 1863, at Lincoln's direction, General Lorenzo Thomas had recruited 20 regiments of blacks from the Mississippi Valley.

By the end of his life Huxley was widely acknowledged as one of the pre-eminent intellectuals of his time and respected as an important researcher into visual communication and sight-related theories as well.

By the end of the 14th century, most of Anatolia was controlled by various Anatolian beyliks.

By the end of 2010, Armenia ’ s external debt is projected to form about 42 percent of GDP, and 50 percent in 2012.

By the end of the reign of Naram-Sin's son, Shar-kali-sharri ( 2217 – 2193 BC ), the empire had weakened.

By seeking close alliances with powerful noble families, Alexios put an end to the tradition of imperial exclusivity and coopted most of the nobility into his extended family and, through it, his government.

By the end of the novel, the elite cavalry wing is led by a dashing young warrior prince named Artos, whom Sutcliff postulates to be the real Arthur.

By the end of Andronikos II's reign, much of Bithynia was in the hands of the Ottoman Turks of Osman I and his son and heir Orhan.

By now, the war is nearing its end and the German Army is retreating.

By the end of the book, Paul realizes that he no longer knows what to do with himself and decides that he has nothing more to lose.

By the end of the twentieth century " Negro " had come to be considered inappropriate and was rarely used and perceived as a pejorative.

By the end of the 18th century there were no factories or mills and only a few small cottage industries along the border with Zurich.

By the end of 1898, Western pilgrims started coming to Akka on pilgrimage to visit ` Abdu ' l-Bahá ; this group of pilgrims, including Phoebe Hearst, was the first time that Bahá ' ís raised up in the West had met ` Abdu ' l-Bahá.

By the end of 2013, a total of 461 km of high-speed lines are expected to be built.

By the end of 1865, almost 100 clubs were members of the NABBP.

By the end of the game, the ball would be dark with grass, mud, and tobacco juice, and it would be misshapen and lumpy from contact with the bat.

By convention, the top strand is written from the 5 ' end to the 3 ' end ; thus, the bottom strand is written 3 ' to 5 '.

By the end of the 16th century, Bethlehem had become one of the largest villages in the District of Jerusalem, and was subdivided into seven quarters.

By the end of his sole rule ( AD 14 ), Augustus had expanded the empire to the line of the Danube river, which was to remain its central / eastern European border for its entire history ( except for the occupation of Dacia 105-275 ).

The money was devoted largely to developing “ technical advice on the conduct of defoliation and anti-crop activities in Southeast Asia .” By the end of fiscal year 1962, the Chemical Corps had let or were negotiating contracts for over one thousand chemical defoliants.

By contrast, the Ming dynasty in China began once more to practice privatization, especially with regards to their manufacturing industries.

By the end of the 17th century, the Chinese economy had recovered from the devastation caused by the wars in which the Ming Dynasty were overthrown, and the resulting breakdown of order.

By the end of the 18th century the population had risen to 300 million from approximately 150 million during the late Ming Dynasty.

By June 1598, The Japanese forces fought with desperation, turning back several Chinese offensives in Suncheon and Sacheon as the Ming army prepared for a final assault.

By the 16th century, the Ming economy was stimulated by trade with the Portuguese, the Somalis, the Spanish, and the Dutch.

By the Ming Dynasty ( 1368 – 1644 ), porcelain art was being exported to Europe.

By the time of the Ming Dynasty, the name was again changed to Xi ' an, meaning " Western Peace ", which has remained its name to the present day.

By 1495, Batumongke won the Three Guards ( Doyin Uriankhai, Ujiyed and Fuyu guard ), tributaries of the Ming Dynasty, and had them incorporated into his Six tumens.

By the mid-16th century military experts from all over Ming China were travelling to Shaolin to study its fighting techniques.

By this name, this undomesticated animal entered Chinese mythology as the mount of Jiang Ziya in Fengshen Bang ( translated as Investiture of the Gods ), a Chinese classical fiction written during the Ming Dynasty.

By contrast, organizations like Sanhehui were able to sow widely the ideas of resisting the Qing and restoring the Ming.

By the 16th century — during the Ming Dynasty — local gazetteers were commonly composed due to local decision-making rather than a central government mandate.

By this time, after 20 years, the Ming Dynasty army was in steep decline.

By contrast to their contemporaries, such as the Liao, Jin, Western Xia, Yuan and the Northern Yuan dynasties, the Song and Ming dynasties did not practice such alliances.

By 1465 CE, during the Ming Dynasty ( 1368 – 1644 ), family members had started in business as merchants, leading to construction of major private buildings and a public infrastructure.

By the mid-sixteenth century, the Ming guard structure had mostly disappeared and the Jurchens were split between two confederations: the Haixi Jurchens and the Jianzhou Jurchens.

By the time of the Ming Dynasty, Chinese technology had progressed to making large land mines, in which many of them were deployed on the northern border.

Ruling China at the beginning of the early modern period, the Ming Dynasty was “ one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history .” By the 16th century the Ming economy was stimulated by trade with the Portuguese, the Spanish, and the Dutch.

By the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was called pailou or paifang, and evolved into more elaborate structure with more posts and gates, with

By the Ming dynasty, " 鮨 " and " 鮓 " had disappeared from Chinese cuisine.

* GenerAsians: Transgressive Sexuality and Transformations of Identity By: Dariotis, Wei Ming ; Dissertation Abstracts International, Section A: The Humanities and Social Sciences, 2001 May ; 61 ( 11 ): 4384.

By 1387, Ming Taizu had set his sights further, and in preparation for an attack on the Baiyi ( Möng Mao ) polity to the south.

By 1414, the Ming was sufficiently well-entrenched in the north of Ðại Việt to allow it to push further, establishing four further subprefectures in a region south of Jiaozhi, which had formerly been administered by Ðại Việt and still free from Chinese influence, as well as some parts of northern border of Champa.