By 502 Clovis and Alaric met on an island in the Loire near Amboise for face-to-face talks, which led to a peace treaty.

By the conditions accepted in the treaty, the Avars were to take possession of Pannonia and the Lombards were promised military support in Italy should the need arise ; also, for a period of 200 years the Lombards were to maintain the right to reclaim their former territories if the plan to conquer Italy failed, thus leaving Alboin with an alternative open.

By terms of the treaty, moreover, Alfred was to have control over the Mercian city of London and its mints — at least for the time being.

By 2011, 165 countries had signed the treaty and none are known-though some are still suspected-to possess any biological weapons.

By this treaty, they accepted Philippe of Anjou as King of Spain, but allotted Austria the Spanish territories in Italy and the Spanish Netherlands.

By the treaty, the Choctaw signed away their remaining traditional homelands, opening them up for European-American settlement in Mississippi Territory.

As for the contradiction between German rearmament and his message of peace, Ribbentrop argued to whoever would listen that the German people had been “ humiliated ” by the Versailles treaty, that Germany wanted peace above all, and German violations of Versailles were part of an effort to restore Germany's " self-respect " By the 1930s, much of British opinion had been convinced that the treaty was monstrously unfair and unjust to Germany, so as a result, many in Britain like Thomas Jones were very open to Ribbentrop ’ s message that if only Versailles could be done away with, then European peace would be secured.

By the same treaty, Spain assumed the role of protecting power over the northern and southern ( Ifni ) zones on November 27 that year.

By his abuse of the traditional right of asylum granted to ambassadorial precincts in Rome, he precipitated a quarrel between France and the papacy, which resulted in Alexander VII's temporary loss of Avignon and his forced acceptance of the humiliating treaty of Pisa in 1664.

By mid-1971, as the termination date of the British treaty relationship ( end of 1971 ) approached, the nine still had not agreed on terms of union.

By Decision 2000 / 278 / EC of 16 March 2000, the Council of the European Union approved the treaty on behalf of the European Community.

* July 11 – By the preliminary treaty signed at Villafranca, Italy, Lombardy is ceded to the French ( who immediately cede it to Sardinia ), while the Austrians keep Venetia and the French promise to restore the Central Italian rulers expelled in the course of the war.

** March 26 – By the treaty of Almirra, the king of Aragon and prince of Castile come to an agreement on the attribution of Muslim lands to still to be conquered.

By the treaty of Windsor ( May 9, 1386 ), the alliance between Portugal and England was confirmed and extended.

By 1868, the Russians had annexed the Zarafshan Valley, and in 1873, the treaty turning Bukhara into a Russian protectorate was signed in Qarshi, much to the dismay of the Emir's son, Abdul Malik, who took to the hills in rebellion.

By the conditions of the peace treaty, the Northern Court and the Southern Court were supposed to alternate control of the throne.

By the time Edward arrived at Tunis, Charles had already signed a treaty with the emir, and there was little else to do but return to Sicily.

By a treaty concluded in 1860 between the Sardinian king and Napoleon III, the County was again ceded to France as a territorial reward for French assistance in the Second Italian War of Independence against Austria, which saw Lombardy unified with Piedmont-Sardinia.

By the treaty of two years later, the Habsburgs renounced all claims to the territory of the city.

By this treaty James married Henry's daughter Margaret Tudor.

By the treaty of Alcaraz, in 1243, Alfonso X of Castile made Murcia a protectorate, getting access to Mediterrannean sea while Murcia was protected against Granada and Aragon.

By 714-16, the Muslims troops reached the Basque held Pamplona, with the town submitting apparently after a treaty was brokered between the inhabitants and the Arab military commanders.

By this treaty, Henry married Catherine, the daughter of the current French king, Charles VI, and would then succeed to the French throne upon Charles's death.

By the Treaty of London in 1839 the status of the grand duchy was confirmed as sovereign and in personal union to the king of the Netherlands.

By the beginning of 1839 Richard Wagner was employed as a conductor at the Court Theatre in Riga.

By 1839, scientists in Britain and Russia had independently devised metal deposition processes similar to Brugnatelli's for the copper electroplating of printing press plates.

By 1839, the Mission was in ruins and unoccupied.

By 1839 Ngāi Tahu and Ngāti Toa established peace and Te Rauparaha released the Ngāi Tahu captives he held.

By coincidence, the first encampment ( circa 1839 ) which would later become Atlanta was called Thrasherville, and a historical marker of this is located just down from the arena in front of the State Bar of Georgia ( the former home of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta ).

By 1839, the fort was returned to the U. S. and a federal marine hospital was built.

By 1839, 18 temperance journals were being published.

By 1839, Godfroy had sold the reserve, and the Indians had migrated west.

By 1839, when the population was 1, 074, it was described as " a beautiful farming town ," with " a pleasant and flourishing village.

By 1839, there were three schools.

By 1839, Rogers was operating 115 salt kettles.

By 1839, when the town's population was 766, cattle and about 4000 sheep grazed the hills.

By 1839 there were about a dozen black members in the Church.

By 1839, Hope was becoming involved in parliamentary work.

By 1839 Central America became five independent small nations

By 1839, many of the plantations were thrown out of cultivation.

By 1839, 52 chiefs had signed.

By the end of 1839, Maverick had purchased 41 lots.

By the end of 1839 he had dispatched eight more ships to New Zealand, before he even knew of the success of the Tory expedition led by his brother William.

By the time ( 1839 ) Hugh's younger brother, Andrew, had joined now Edmonstone, Allan & Co., it had the largest shipping capacity of any Montreal-based firm.

By the time Havelock took part in the First Afghan War in 1839, he had been promoted to the rank of captain.

By 1839, Parrish and other church leaders had rejected the Book of Mormon and consequently broke with Harris, who continued to testify to its truth.

By later accounts, this meeting was a charismatic event, in which members of the congregation had visions, prophesied, spoke in tongues, ecstatically shouted praises to the Lord, and fainted ( Joseph Smith History, 1839 draft ).