By accepted definition, a 1-ton conditioner will provide 12,000 BTU of cooling in one hour.

By the Brønsted-Lowry definition, any compound which can easily be deprotonated can be considered an acid.

By definition it does not cover problems whose solution are unknown or have not been characterised formally.

By definition a multilinear map is alternating if it vanishes whenever two of its arguments are equal.

By this definition, if previous versions ( N-1, N-2, etc.

* By the definition of addition and scalar multiplication of linear functionals in the dual space,

By definition, where a director enters into a transaction with a company, there is a conflict between the director's interest ( to do well for himself out of the transaction ) and his duty to the company ( to ensure that the company gets as much as it can out of the transaction ).

By legal definition, all semi-highways are expressways.

By definition a set S is countable if there exists an injective function

By 1963 – 4 Gödel would disavow Herbrand – Gödel recursion and the λ-calculus in favor of the Turing machine as the definition of " algorithm " or " mechanical procedure " or " formal system ".

By contrast, a dictionary definition has additional details, typically including an etymology showing snapshots of the earlier meanings and the parent language.

By his own admission, Hubbard made what he considered was one of the greatest mistakes of his life when he used the biological definition of engram as a " trace on a cell ", which was not in line with the proper biological definition.

By definition, this classifies it as both a river and a strait — a strait being a narrow passageway connecting two large bodies of water.

Let f and g be any two elements of G. By virtue of the definition of G, = and =, so that =.

By definition, it is the amount of energy gained by the charge of a single electron moved across an electric potential difference of one volt.

At standard temperature, pressure and concentration conditions, the cell's emf ( measured by a multimeter ) is 0. 34 V. By definition, the electrode potential for the SHE is zero.

By definition, equality follow a number of " equivalence relations ", including ( a ) reflexive ( i. e. ), ( b ) symmetric ( i. e. if then ) ( c ) transitive ( i. e. if and then ).

By definition, a and b can be written as multiples of c: a = mc and b = nc, where m and n are natural numbers.

By definition, the first two numbers in the Fibonacci sequence are 0 and 1, and each subsequent number is the sum of the previous two.

By an abuse of the definition, a particular formal language is often thought of as being equipped with a formal grammar that describes it.

By definition, maps objects and morphisms identically to.

By definition, granite is an igneous rock with at least 20 % quartz by volume.

By definition, these clouds must have a v < sub > lsr </ sub > greater than 90 km s < sup >− 1 </ sup >, where v < sub > lsr </ sub > is the local standard rest velocity.

By definition, there was only one " catholic " or " universal " Church.

By clarifying fundamental premises in the social sciences, and defining the logical problems emergent at the borderlands of each new scientific discipline, philosophy can offer the sort of distinction that can accelerate growth in human understanding.

By the late 1960s he had started to become interested in scientific areas outside of mathematics.

By the 1890s her scientific interests centred on mycology.

By supporting and assisting the International Congress of Mathematicians ( ICM ) and other international scientific meetings / conferences.

* By supporting the participation of qualified scientists and technical personnel from developing countries in marine scientific research programmes and activities.

By about 1900 one finds managers trying to place their theories on what they regarded as a thoroughly scientific basis ( see scientism for perceived limitations of this belief ).

By the end of the 18th century the scientific revolution gave way to the " Age of Reflection ".

By the start of the scientific revolution, empiricism had already become an important component of science and natural philosophy.

By overthrowing the Galenic tradition and relying on his own observations, Vesalius created a new scientific method.

By the 1820s and 1830s, well-known liberals like Thomas Wakley and other radical editors of The Lancet were using Paley's aging examples to attack the establishment's control over medical and scientific education in Durham, London, Oxford and Cambridge.

By 2006, almost all scientific journals have, while retaining their peer-review process, established electronic versions ; a number have moved entirely to electronic publication.

By taking samples from different sites and different strata within a particular region, researchers can build a comprehensive historical sequence that becomes a part of the scientific record ; for example, ancient timbers found in buildings can be dated to give an indication of when the source tree was alive and growing, setting an upper limit on the age of the wood.

By contrast, soft science is often used to describe the scientific fields that are more reliant on qualitative research, including the social sciences.

By its standard practices of applying good scientific methods, mainstream is distinguished from pseudoscience as a demarcation problem and specific types of inquiry are debunked as junk science, cargo cult science and scientific misconduct etc.

By the time the Soviet Union was dissolved in 1991 and the Soviet space station program was concluded, it had seen space station technology evolve from basic, engineering development stage, single-docking port stations to complex, multi-ported long-term orbital outposts with impressive scientific capabilities, whose technological legacy continues to the present day.

By the ninth edition, in 1875, no attempt was made to reconcile the Noah story with scientific fact, and it was presented without comment.

By scanning the enormous content of the Internet, some computers " know " literally every single piece of public information ( every scientific discovery, every book and movie, every public statement, etc.

By contrast, Snow said, German and American schools sought to prepare their citizens equally in the sciences and humanities, and better scientific teaching enabled those countries ' rulers to compete more effectively in a scientific age.

By the 1990s, " stress " had become an integral part of modern scientific understanding in all areas of physiology and human functioning, and one of the great metaphors of Western life.

By 1865, the Smithsonian Institution began a catalog of current scientific papers, which became the International Catalogue of Scientific Papers in 1902.

By doing so, Macaulay wanted to " educate a people who cannot at present be educated by means of their mother tongue " and thus, by incorporating English, he sought to " enrich " the Indian languages so " that they could become vehicles for European scientific, historical, and literary expression ".

By the end of the 19th century the scholarly consensus was that the Pentateuch was the work of many authors writing from 1000 BCE ( the time of David ) to 500 BCE ( the time of Ezra ) and redacted c. 450, and as a consequence whatever history it contained was more often polemical than strictly factual – a conclusion reinforced by the then fresh scientific refutations of what were at the time widely classed as biblical mythologies, as discussed above.