By prevailing over other claimants for the loyalties of men, the nation-state maintained an adequate measure of certainty and order within its territorial borders.

By the death of his father in 1888 he had come into possession of the family estate and had re-assumed its traditions.

By June 19, 1788, he had presented himself to its Commander in Chief, the Governor of the Southern Provinces, the Director of the War College -- The Prince.

By limiting American strength too much to nuclear strength, this country limited its ability to fight any kind of war besides a nuclear war.

By reducing rates as much as 60 per cent, it and its associated railroads hope to win back some of the business they have lost to truckers and barge lines.

By 1883 the `` Battenkill Telegraph Company '' was in existence and Alvin Pettibone was its president.

) By its greater corporeal presence and its greater extraneousness, the affixed paper or cloth serves for a seeming moment to push everything else into a more vivid idea of depth than the simulated printing or simulated textures had ever done.

By its nature it has always been of great psychological advantage and small efforts have required considerably greater counter-efforts.

By the end of the century the Roman Catholic Church was beginning to make itself felt, mainly through such institutions as hospitals but also through its attitude towards organized labour.

By the time we arrived and entered the building sacred music was already swelling out into the chapel-like auditorium with its discreet symbols of religious faiths.

By night, an aardwolf can consume up to 200, 000 harvester termites using its sticky, long tongue.

By knowing the coordinates of an object ( usually given in equatorial coordinates ), the telescope user can use the setting circle to align the telescope in the appropriate direction before looking through its eyepiece.

By its inclusion the order has grown enormously in number of species.

By its geological origin, islands forming archipelagos can be referred to as oceanic islands, continental fragments and continental islands.

By having three stations, a total of three different cars can be operated on at the same time, each one at a different stage of its assembly.

Whenever any result is sought by its aid, the question will then arise — By what course of calculation can these results be arrived at by the machine in the shortest time?

By its terms the boundary between Alfred ’ s and Guthrum ’ s kingdoms was to run up the River Thames, to the River Lea ; follow the Lea to its source ( near Luton ); from there extend in a straight line to Bedford ; and from Bedford follow the River Ouse to Watling Street.

By terms of the treaty, moreover, Alfred was to have control over the Mercian city of London and its mints — at least for the time being.

By now, the war is nearing its end and the German Army is retreating.

By stripping it of its powers over temples, Augustus effectively destroyed the office, by taking from it its original function.

By 1987, however, the USSR withdrew its opposition, concluding the SDI posed no threat.

By definition a multilinear map is alternating if it vanishes whenever two of its arguments are equal.

By this standard, it is determined that where two stations operating on the same frequency are involved, objectionable interference from station A exists at any point within the service area of station B where station A's signal is of an intensity one-twentieth or more of the strength of station B's signal at that point.

By contrast, the cursive developed out of the Nabataean alphabet in the same period soon became the standard for writing Arabic, evolving into the Arabic alphabet as it stood by the time of the early spread of Islam.

By one estimate, it has the fourth highest gross national income at purchasing power parity in Africa, giving it a standard of living around that of Mexico and Turkey.

By the mid 1960s, binary addressing had become the standard architecture in most computer designs, and main memory sizes were most commonly powers of two.

By 1900, most of the industrializing nations were on some form of gold standard, with paper notes and silver coins constituting the circulating medium.

By the early 2000s, the CD largely replaced the audio cassette player as standard equipment in new automobiles, with 2010 being the final model year for any car in the US to have a factory-equipped cassette player.

By ideal, Rogers is suggesting something not real, something that is always out of our reach, the standard we cannot meet.

By the 1930s, Ben Duncan and others popularized streamlined trap kits leading to a basic four piece drum set standard: bass, snare, tom-tom, and floor tom.

At standard temperature, pressure and concentration conditions, the cell's emf ( measured by a multimeter ) is 0. 34 V. By definition, the electrode potential for the SHE is zero.

By the mid-1960s, West Pakistan was benefiting from Ayub's " Decade of Progress ," with its successful " green revolution " in wheat, and from the expansion of markets for West Pakistani textiles, while the East Pakistan's standard of living remained at an abysmally low level.

By 1917 Finland had experienced rapid population growth, industrialization, improvements in the economy and standard of living, and the rise of a comprehensive labor movement ; economic, social, and political divisions were deepening while the Finnish political system was in an unstable phase of democratization and modernization.

By the late 19th century manufacturing focused on standard grades of black powder from Fg used in large bore rifles and shotguns, through FFg ( medium and smallbore arms such as muskets and fusils ), FFFg ( smallbore rifles and pistols ), and FFFFg ( extreme small bore, short pistols and most commonly for priming flintlocks ).

By 1992, the standard method of locating someone's e-mail address was to find their organization's CCSO nameserver entry in Gopher, and query the nameserver.

By the 21st century, the Netherlands had become a modern, dynamic country with a successful, internationally oriented economy ( the 16th largest in the world in 2010 ) and a high standard of living.

By 1939 a breed standard had been established and dog shows had been held, but such activities stopped after World War II began.

By definition, these clouds must have a v < sub > lsr </ sub > greater than 90 km s < sup >− 1 </ sup >, where v < sub > lsr </ sub > is the local standard rest velocity.

By extending the 16 / 24-bit IBM PC / AT standard into a natively 32-bit computing environment, Compaq became the first third party to implement a major technical hardware advance on the PC platform.

By 1994 the " 3174 Establishment Controller " supported features such as attachment to multiple hosts via token ring, ethernet, or X. 25 in addition to the standard channel attach or SDLC, and terminal attachment via twisted pair, token ring or ethernet in addition to co-ax.

By 1997, the phrase had entered the legal lexicon as seen in an opinion by Supreme Court of the United States Justice John Paul Stevens, ' An example of " junk science " that should be excluded under the Daubert standard as too unreliable would be the testimony of a phrenologist who would purport to prove a defendant ’ s future dangerousness based on the contours of the defendant ’ s skull.

By the turn of the decade, the hinged mitt became standard catchers ' equipment.

By the 1930s, many revisions of the rules developed that were substantially different from Babcock's classical version ( including some that were considered fundamentals in other variants, such as the notion of a standard hand ).

By 1974, Joseph A. Scirrotto Jr. designed the silver wings took on a white outline, and this style on a kelly green helmet became standard for over two decades.

By either standard, one's body is one's property.

By 2001, few lower-end printer models came with support for PostScript, largely due to growing competition from much cheaper non-PostScript ink jet printers, and new software-based methods to render PostScript images on the computer, making them suitable for any printer ; PDF, a descendant of PostScript, provides one such method, and has largely replaced PostScript as de facto standard for electronic document distribution.

By achieving election as quaestor, a Roman man would earn the right to sit in the Senate and begin to progress along the standard sequence of offices that made up a career in public service.