By the 1850s the regions earliest industry was utilising the bay for the transport of timber.

By the mid-90s the disappearance of the DJ in hip hop had created a sub-culture which would come to be known as turntablism and which focused entirely on the DJ utilising his turntables and a mixer to manipulate sounds and create music.

By 1968 the reputation of the Twisted Wheel and the type of music being played there had grown nationwide. Soul fans were traveling from all over the United Kingdom to attend the Saturday all-nighters, with resident ' All Niter ' DJ Bob Dee compiling & supervising the playlist and utilising the newly developed slip-cueing technique to spin the vinyl between 1968 and the club's eventual closure in 1971.

By the 1960s, the scene that had developed out of the American folk music revival had grown to a major movement, utilising traditional music and new compositions in a traditional style, usually on acoustic instruments.

By utilising the words ' picnic area ' the artists is encouraging the visitor to question whether the art work is a public amenity or tourist trap.

By then, there were 40 buildings on the island, the isthmus had been filled in and the area of the island had been increased by about a hectare through reclamation works utilising spoil from the old Balmain coalmine.

By utilising this flexicoil suspension, many components, which either wore out or had to be expensively maintained, were eliminated.

By far the largest regional market was the Middle East, to which Brazil sold approximately 50 % of its arms from 1977 through 1988.

By promoting integration through organizations like Mercosur and UNASUR, Brazil has been able to solidify its role as a regional power.

By the 1960s, however, the quantitative revolution lead to strong criticism of regional geography.

By the 1907 – 1908 season, Hellas was playing against regional teams and an intense rivalry with Vicenza Calcio that lasts to this day was born.

By 1888, the club had become a founding member of The Combination, a regional football league.

By 1992 the national army fragmented into regional militias under local warlords because of the fall of the Soviet Union which stopped supplying the army and later in 1992 when the Afghan government lost power and the country went into a state of anarchy.

By that time, Sudan had one of the lowest penetration rates ( 0. 23 %) even by regional standards.

By road the city can be reached on freeway A14-bis from the hub of Bologna ; on the north-south axis of EU routes E45 ( from Rome ) and E55 ( SS-309 " Romea " from Venice ); and on the regional Ferrara-Rimini axis of SS-16 ( partially called " Adriatica ").

By the mid-eleventh century, OCS diversified into regional versions: Bulgarian, Serbian, Old Russian, and up to the fifteenth century, also Czech and Croatian.

By ejecting Spain from the Americas, the United States shifted its position to an uncontested regional power, and extended its influence into Southeast Asia and Oceania.

By law, Metro, the regional government, is required to maintain a 20-year supply of land within the boundary.

By her early teens she had a collection of regional and national titles, having competed in the 100 metres, 200 metres and high jump.

By contrast, in the northwestern part of the country ( predominantly Hutu ), large regional landholders shared power, similar to Bugandan society ( in what is now Uganda ).

By 1990 Morgan Stanley had its regional offices in Frankfurt, Hong Kong, Luxembourg, Melbourne, Milan, Sydney and Zürich and had regional headquarters in London and Tokyo.

By 1926, management of the club had passed on to a new generation of members, and it was through their efforts that Odd were finally admitted into the regional series in 1927, ten years after the club was founded.

By rail, the regional trains and buses of the TER Pays de la Loire link major towns and cities of the Pays de la Loire and adjoining regions, including those of the département.

By the 1830s Demopolis had developed into a regional commercial river hub, attracting American and European-born craftsmen and merchants including the Beysiegle, Breitling, Breton, Dupertuis, Foster, Hummell, Kirker, Knapp, Marx, Michael, Mulligan, Oberling, Rhodes, Rudisill, Rosenbaum, Schmidt, Shahan, Stallings, and Zaiser families.

By 1800, the fort had been abandoned, and Hamilton was becoming an agricultural and regional trading town.

By the mid-19th century, as Roaring Spring was first growing, the regional peculiarities of folk architecture were gradually disappearing under the railroad's and the industrial revolution's influences.

By the beginning of September, it comprised roughly 100, 000 combatants in 70 battalions, with another 33 battalions of regional forces ( 40, 000 men ) as well as some 60, 000 local support personnel.

By the end of October, the Kingsmen's version was listed in Billboard as a regional breakout and a " bubbling under " entry for the national chart.

By the turn of the century, the city was becoming a regional metropolis.

By 1967, after a series of acquisitions, John Smith's was the largest regional brewer in the country after Scottish & Newcastle, and had a market capitalization of £ 29. 4 million, or £ 415 million in 2010 prices, with family interests still holding around 10 per cent of the company at this time.

By September 2006, all of the May regional nameplates, except for the Lord & Taylor chain, ceased to exist as Federated consolidated its operations under the Macy's mastheads including the stores most famous names Marshall Field's, Filene's, and Kaufmann's.

By 1962 the morale of the Foreign Legion was at an all-time low ; it had lost its traditional and spiritual home ( Algeria ), elite units had been disbanded, and in addition, many officers and men were arrested or deserted to escape prosecution.

By the end of January 1959 the new army had reached a strength of around 2, 000 officers and soldiers.

By April 1938, Ribbentrop had ended all German arms shipments to China and had all of the German Army officers serving with the Kuomintang government of Chiang Kai-shek recalled ( with the threat that the families of the officers in China would be sent to concentration camps if the officers did not return to Germany immediately ).

By 1940, Stalin began to relent, restoring approximately one-third of previously dismissed officers to duty.

By 1944, with the concentration camps fully integrated with the Waffen-SS and under the control of the WVHA, a standard practice developed to rotate SS members in and out of the camps, based on manpower needs and also to give assignments to wounded Waffen-SS officers and soldiers who could no longer serve in front-line combat duties.

By this time, the Metropolitan Police had grown from its initial 1, 000 officers to about 13, 000 and needed more administrative staff and a bigger headquarters.

By October they had largely been suppressed, and the NLF switched to grenade attacks against off-duty military personnel and police officers elsewhere in the Aden Colony.

** Holocaust: By order of the Vichy France government headed by Pierre Laval, French police officers round-up 13, 000 – 20, 000 Jews and imprison them in the Winter Velodrome.

By contrast, most of the best officers in the French navy had been either executed or dismissed from the service during the early part of the French Revolution.

By 1966, only 16 of the city's 661 police officers were black.

By the end of the war the worldwide strength of the Fleet Air Arm was 59 aircraft carriers, 3, 700 aircraft, 72, 000 officers and men, and 56 Naval air stations.

By early 1958, he had organized a coup d ' état, bringing together dissident Army officers and pied-noirs with sympathetic Gaullists.

By this happy incident general Putnam, by continuing his march, escaped ... It has since become almost a common saying among our officers, that Mrs. Murray saved this part of the American army.

By December, the " Hawaiian Air Force " had been an integrated command for slightly more than one year and consisted of 754 officers and 6, 706 enlisted men, with 233 aircraft assigned at its three primary bases: Hickam, Wheeler Field ( now Wheeler Army Airfield ), and Bellows Field ( now Bellows Air Force Station ).

By 1805, the Grande Armée had grown to a force of 350, 000 men, who were well equipped, well trained, and led by competent officers.

By 1983 the police force had grown to 45 sworn officers, including the Chief, ( 6 ) Lieutenants, ( 3 ) Sergeants, ( 5 ) Detectives and ( 30 ) Patrol Officers.

By 1496 they comprised one hundred guardsmen plus about twenty-seven officers and sergeants.

By the Second World War, only senior officers of the Army and Royal Air Force were officially assigned their own batmen, with junior officers usually having the services of one batman between several officers.

By the mid-to-late 1980s, an estimated 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of police patrol officers wore concealable vests daily.

By law, constables keep and preserve the peace within the county ; advise justice court judges or other officers of all riots, routs, unlawful assemblies, and violations of the penal laws ; execute and return all processes directed to them by any county, chancery or circuit court ( not just the Justice Courts ); and attend the justices ' courts of their districts.

By awarding land to Haitian military officers at the expense of former members of the Spanish forces of Santo Domingo, Boyer reduced his influence with the Spanish-Haitian leadership.