By distinguishing superlunary ( celestial ) and sublunary ( terrestrial ) existence, and reinforcing this with the four-element physics of Empedocles, Aristotle came to speak of the stars as perfect bodies, which moved in only a perfect way, viz. in a perfect circle.

By dealing with common landscape in an uncommon way, Roy Mason has found a particular niche in American landscape art.

`` By the way '', said Mr. Blatz, packing his tools into a battered carrier, `` them power tools needs extra voltage.

By the end of the spring of 1961, assuming that a general business recovery gets under way, interest rates should begin to edge upward again, depending upon the vigor of the recovery and the determination with which the monetary authorities move to restrain credit availability.

By early summer, he wrote from Laramie that he was suffering from the wound inflicted in the ambush and was in a bad way financially, so Pels sent him a draft for $100, warning that it was still not wise for him to return.

By means of charts showing wave-travel times and depths in the ocean at various locations, it is possible to estimate the rate of approach and probable time of arrival at Hawaii of a tsunami getting under way at any spot in the Pacific.

By way of explanation we ourselves are prone to imagine that this achievement stems from the same American Catholic zeal and generosity which brought the parochial school system into existence.

By the theory of minute constituents of things, and his emphasis on mechanical processes in the formation of order, he paved the way for the atomic theory.

By allowing a new kind of equality among citizens this opened the way to democracy, which in turn called for a new means, chattel slavery, to at least partially equalise the availability of leisure between rich and poor.

By 1980, the way the game was played had changed dramatically due to innovative coaching tactics, with the phasing out of many of the game's kicking styles and the increasing use of handball ; whilst presentation was influenced by television.

By 1972, however, with only a minimum of work done on the I-95 right of way and none on the potentially massively disruptive Inner Belt, Governor Francis Sargent put a moratorium on highway construction within the MA-128 corridor, except for a short stretch of Interstate 93.

By early 2000 there had been the beginning of an economic recovery, with the export sector leading the way, as it enjoyed the benefit of the more competitive exchange rate, as well as strong prices for petroleum, Colombia's leading export product.

By 0. 3 Mya, Canis lupus ( the gray wolf ) was fully developed and had spread throughout Europe and northern Asia ; and Beringia offered a way to North America.

By 1996, other engineers had joined in, because it was clear that Cygwin would be a useful way to provide Cygnus ' embedded tools hosted on Windows systems ( the previous strategy had been to use DJGPP ).

By Stalin's death in 1953, the Central Committee had become largely a symbolic organ, which was responsible to the Politburo, and not the other way around.

By way of contrast, when introduced in 1985, the Amiga had compared favorably against 286-based systems with EGA graphics and rudimentary sound capabilities that frequently cost 2 – 3 times as much.

By 1827, construction on the Dayton-Cincinnati canal began as a way to better transport goods from Dayton to Cincinnati.

By the age of Augustus, poets like Virgil closely adhered to the rules of the meter and approached it in a highly rhetorical way, looking for effects that can be exploited in skilled recitation.

By 2003 the line had been restored from Massawa all the way through to Asmara.

By no means do all Greek epigrams behave this way ; many are simply descriptive.

By way of comparison, the routes départementales cover a total distance of 365, 000 km.

* By the convolution theorem, Fourier transforms turn the complicated convolution operation into simple multiplication, which means that they provide an efficient way to compute convolution-based operations such as polynomial multiplication and multiplying large numbers.

By the end of the 1990s, 11 fishing farms were registered in Guadeloupe and experiments are under way to catch and market fish in order to respond to growing demand.

By granting land to the abbotts and bishops he appointed, Otto actually made these bishops into " princes of the Empire " ( Reichsfürsten ); in this way, Otto was able to establish a national church.

By 1988, Hungary had developed a two-tier banking system and had enacted significant corporate legislation which paved the way for the ambitious market-oriented reforms of the post-communist years.

By this time Colangelo and the other partners were embroiled in a dispute over the financial health and direction of the Diamondbacks ( and notably including over $ 150 million in deferred compensation to many players who were key members of the 2001 World Series winning team and others ).

By the deadline for victim's compensation, September 11, 2003, 2, 833 applications had been received from the families of those killed.

By comparison, the term means of production applies to these means independent of their ownership and their compensation, and regardless of whether the mode of production is capitalist, feudal, slave, communal, or otherwise.

By statute, the compensation granted to the position holder equals the rate of annual compensation paid to the president pro tempore, majority leader, and minority leader.

By the Treaty of Vienna ( November 1738 ), Stanisław was compensated for the loss of his Polish throne with the duchy of Lorraine, which would eventually pass to King Louis as his son-in-law, while Duke Francis III of Lorraine was made heir to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany as compensation for the loss of Lorraine.

By weighting utility variations by the marginal utilities, the social welfare function implicit to the Kaldor – Hicks compensation principle is represented by anti-egalitarian, concave indifference curves.

By the late 1960s, many corps wanted more creative freedom and better financial compensation than was offered by their sponsors.

By the end of October 2003, according to the Bhopal Gas Tragedy Relief and Rehabilitation Department, compensation had been awarded to 554, 895 people for injuries received and 15, 310 survivors of those killed.

By January 2006, over 10, 500 claims had been approved, and around 3, 000 denied, for a total amount of over $ 525 million in compensation dispensed to " downwinders ".

By their independent land appraisals and calculations, the KNC had already determined that the minimum acceptable compensation they should receive for Kwajalein lands was at least $ 19. 1 million annually, adjusted for inflation.

By September 2006, Newcastle were threatening to sue the FA for further compensation, for a reported figure of £ 20m.

) By 1949, all states had enacted some kind of workers ' compensation regime.

By the end of the year most individual compensation claims had been settled out of court.

By 2007-05, it was reported that 95 % of this compensation money had been distributed.

By the Lateran Treaties, Mussolini granted Pope Pius XI the crown of Vatican City as a nation to rule, made Roman Catholicism the state church of Italy, and paid the Pope compensation for the loss of the Papal States.

By way of compensation, pay was introduced for cavalry service, as it had already been for the infantry ( in 406 BC ).

By this change, it will gain in utility, interest and real truth far more than a full compensation for the forfeiture of a fictitious title to mathematical exactness and certainty.

By implementing state or public ownership of the means of production and establishing socialist democracy, socialists believe the need for negative welfare-hand outs via redistribution-will disappear both because all individuals would receive enough compensation or resources from their workplace and because increasingly costs to the public at large, such as housing, healthcare and education, would pass into social provision at no cost to the individual.

By the rules of unjust enrichment the buyer is obliged to retransfer the ownership if possible or otherwise pay compensation.

By adverse possession, title to another's real property can be acquired without compensation, by holding the property in a manner that conflicts with the true owner's rights for a specified period.

By the 1980s, the anaesthetic vaporiser had evolved considerably ; subsequent modifications lead to a raft of additional safety features such as temperature compensation, a bimetallic strip, temperature-adjusted splitting ratio and anti-spill measures ....

By implication they were arguing that this affected the RFU's decisions on the issue of " broken time " payments ( as compensation for the loss of income ) to the detriment of northern clubs, who made up the majority of English rugby clubs.

By way of compensation, the band were invited back on to the show to perform the song the following week, this time with the vocals performed live.