Later, influences from the Roman Empire, Eastern Europe, and the Byzantine Empire changed Greek music.

Byzantine music notation style in a Romanian " Book of Hymns at the Lord's Resurrection ", 1823

Byzantine music is vocal religious music, based on the monodic modal singing of Ancient Greece and the pre-Islamic Near East.

Byzantine music uses the eight natural, non-tempered scales called Ēkhoi, " sounds ", exclusively, and therefore the absolute pitch of each note may slightly vary each time, depending on the particular Ēkhos used.

The Enkōmia are the best-loved hymns of Byzantine hymnography, both their poetry and their music being uniquely suited to each other and to the spirit of the day.

Byzantine music ( Greek: Βυζαντινή Μουσική ) is the music of the Byzantine Empire composed to Greek texts as ceremonial, festival, or church music.

Greek and foreign historians agree that the ecclesiastical tones and in general the whole system of Byzantine music is closely related to the ancient Greek system.

The Oud (; ʿūd, plural: أعواد, a ‘ wād ; Assyrian: ܥܘܕ ūd, ; Hebrew: עו ּ ד ; barbat ; ;, Azeri: ud ; or kaban ) is a pear-shaped stringed instrument commonly used in Greek, Byzantine, North African ( Chaabi, Classical, and Andalusian ) and Middle Eastern music.

The music of Turkey includes diverse elements ranging from Central Asian folk music and influences of Byzantine music, Greek music, Ottoman music, Persian music, Balkan music, as well as more modern European and American popular music influences.

Greece has a diverse and highly influential musical tradition, with ancient music influencing the Roman Empire, and Byzantine liturgical chants and secular music influencing the Renaissance.

The Byzantine Church music has a strong influence on modern Greek music.

* Byzantine uncial has two unique features: " b-d uncial " uses forms of b and d, which are closer to half-uncial ( see below ), and was in use in the 4th and 5th centuries ; " b-r " uncial, in use in the 5th and 6th centuries, has a form of b that is twice as large as the other letters, and an r with a bow resting on the baseline and the stem extending below the baseline.

The service of Vespers on Great Friday in the Eastern Orthodox Church and Byzantine Catholic churches uses the expression " impious and transgressing people ", but the strongest expressions are in the Orthros of Great Friday, which includes the same phrase, but also speaks of " the murderers of God, the lawless nation of the Jews " and referring to " the assembly of the Jews ", prays: " But give them, O Lord, their reward, for they devised vain things against Thee.

Citing the Byzantine siphon used for discharging Greek fire as an inspiration, al-Jazari went on to describe the first suction pipes, suction pump, double-action pump, and made early uses of valves and a crankshaft-connecting rod mechanism, when he invented a twin-cylinder reciprocating piston suction pump.

His see is based in Damascus and uses the Byzantine liturgy.

Gregory III is the leader of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church, an Eastern Catholic Church that is in full communion with the Catholic Church and uses the Byzantine liturgy.

The Byzantine Catholic Metropolitan Church of Pittsburgh, Sui Iuris, also called the Byzantine-Ruthenian Church, permits the minor orders of candle bearer, cantor, lector and subdeacon, and still uses the term ordination for their cheirothesis.

The Byzantine Rite, sometimes called the Rite of Constantinople or Constantinopolitan Rite is the liturgical rite used currently ( in various languages, with various uses ) by all the Eastern Orthodox Churches, by the Greek Catholic Churches ( Eastern Catholic Churches which use the Byzantine Rite ), and in a substantially modified form by the Protestant Ukrainian Lutheran Church.

* Ukrainian Lutheran Church ( which uses liturgical formulae from the Byzantine Rite to form the base text for the Order of Service in the Ukrainian Evangelical Service Book.

It is ranked as a Major Archiepiscopal Church and uses the Byzantine liturgical rite in the Romanian language.

The full imperial title uses both typically Byzantine and revived archaic Roman elements: ΜΑΝΟΥΗΛ ΕΝ ΧΩ ΤΩ ΘΩ ΠΙCΤΟC ΒΑCΙΛΕΥC ΚΑΙ ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤΩΡ ΡΩΜΑΙΩΝ Ο ΠΑΛΑΙΟΛΟΓΟC ΚΑΙ ΑΕΙ ΑΥΓΟΥCΤΟC, " Manuel, by the grace of Christ the God, faithful Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans, the Palaiologos, forever Augustus ( honorific ) | August ".

The Ruthenian Catholic Church is a sui iuris ( i. e., self-governing ) Eastern Catholic Church ( see particular Church ), which uses the Divine Liturgy of the Constantinopolitan Byzantine Eastern Rite.

The city uses the double-headed Anatolian Seljuk Eagle as its coat-of-arms, a motif based on the double-headed Byzantine Eagle that was a common symbol throughout Anatolia and the Balkans in the medieval period.

Although the term liturgy is used to mean public worship in general, the Byzantine Rite uses the term " Divine liturgy " to denote the Eucharistic service.

It is possible that Ibn Khordadbeh uses " Frank " as a counterpoint to " Roman " ( Byzantine Greek ), indicating that the Radhanites spoke the languages of both Eastern and Western Christians.

Byzantine art continued with inlaid floors, but also produced some small religious figures in hardstone inlays, for example in the Pala d ' Oro in San Marco, Venice ( though this mainly uses enamel ).

The Byzantine Rite uses three anaphoras, which are the core part of the Divine Liturgies which take the same name:

Beside influences such as Joy Division for instance, Mizar also uses elements of Traditional Macedonian folklore and Byzantine music.

Unaccented syllabic augment disappeared during the Byzantine period as a result of the loss of unstressed initial syllables.

Today, the Byzantine text-type is the subject of renewed interest as the original form of the text from which the Western and Alexandrian text-types were derived.

Hispano-Moorish art was unquestionably derived from the Byzantine.

It is most likely that the first makers of violins borrowed from three types of current instruments: the rebec, in use since the 10th century ( itself derived from the Byzantine lyra and the Arabic rebab ), the Renaissance fiddle, and the lira da braccio ( derived from the Byzantine lira ).

These words were ultimately derived from the Late Latin word solidus, referring to an Ancient Roman coin used in the Byzantine Empire.

The English word " antelope " first appears in 1417 and is derived from the Old French antelop, itself derived from Medieval Latin ant ( h ) alopus, which in turn comes from the Byzantine Greek word anthólops, first attested in Eustathius of Antioch ( circa 336 ), according to whom it was a fabulous animal " haunting the banks of the Euphrates, very savage, hard to catch and having long, saw-like horns capable of cutting down trees ".

Information about origins is derived primarily from the works of the Byzantine historians Menander Protector and Theophylact Simocatta.

They derived their name from the old name for the people of the Byzantine Empire, Romaioi.

The word is likely derived from the plural form of the Bulgarian title boila (" noble "), bolyare, which is attested in Bulgar inscriptions and rendered as boilades or boliades in the Greek of Byzantine documents.

The instrument is European and derived from the Arabic bowed instrument rebab and the Byzantine lyra.

This flag was based on their coat of arms, whose pattern is supposed to be derived from the standards of their claimed ancestor, Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus II Phocas ( 963 – 969 AD ).

The currency used was called dinars, an alternative name was perper, derived from the Byzantine hyperpyron.

The Byzantine and Turkish names of the city were derived from the white painted towers on this castle.

After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, the Russian Tsars ( a title derived from Caesar ) claimed the Byzantine mantle as the champion of Orthodoxy ; Moscow was described as the " Third Rome " and the Tsars ruled as divinely-appointed Emperors into the 20th century.

Cyprus gold bezant, derived from Byzantine design, 1218-1253 ( left ), and Cyprus Western-style silver gros ( coinage ) | gros 1285-1324 ( right ).

The name " Hilandar " is derived from chelandion, a type of Byzantine transport ship, whose skipper was called a " helandaris ".

The vielle possibly derived from the lira, a Byzantine bowed instrument closely related to the rebab, an Arab bowed instrument

The style remained the official one for all his successors down to the end of the Russian Empire in 1917, though the Russian rulers continued to be colloquially known as tsar ( a word derived from " Caesar "), which they had begun to use c. 1480 to likewise assert their contention to be the heirs to the Byzantine state ( see: Third Rome.

There is wide consensus that " Kastello " is derived from the Latin word " castellum ", meaning " castle ", as this word ( in the Greek form ), was used frequently by Byzantine Greeks.

The Golden Horn ( Turkish: Haliç ( which is derived from the Arabic word Khaleej, meaning Gulf ) or Altın Boynuz ( literally " Golden Horn " in Turkish ); Greek: Κεράτιος Κόλπος, Keratios Kolpos: Horn-shape gulf ) is an inlet of the Bosphorus dividing the city of Istanbul and forming the natural harbor that has sheltered Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Ottoman and other ships for thousands of years.

The name Kaloyan (), translates as " John the Good " or the " John the Handsome ", and is derived from Greek Kaloiōannēs, a standard augmentation of the names of Byzantine emperors named " John " ( Iōannēs ) in the Komnenian and later periods.

Its exact history is unknown, but it may have derived from a Byzantine form of the Greek kythare, which in turn derived from the ancient lyre.