Epigenes of Byzantium (; unknown-circa 200 BC ) was a Greek astrologer.

These gold coins were commonly called bezants, taken from the word Byzantium, the Latinized form of the original Greek name ( Βυζάντιον, Byzántion ) of the capital, Constantinople, where the gold coins typically came from and were associated with, since the time of Constantine I.

The ancient Greeks used baskets of stones, large sacks filled with sand, and wooden logs filled with lead, which, according to Apollonius Rhodius and Stephen of Byzantium, were formed of stone ; and Athenaeus states that they were sometimes made of wood.

Magnon had given Bayezid an intriguing wife and daughter ; the Handel and Vivaldi renditions included, as well as Tamerlane and Bayezid and his daughter, a prince of Byzantium and a princess of Trebizond ( Trabzon ) in a passionate and incredible love story.

The kings of the North, desiring more zealously to worship his deity, embounded his likeness in a golden image ; and this statue, which betokened their homage, they transmitted with much show of worship to Byzantium, fettering even the effigied arms with a serried mass of bracelets.

* Nicomedia in northwestern Asia Minor ( modern Izmit in Turkey ), a base for defence against invasion from the Balkans and Persia's Sassanids was the capital of Diocletian, the eastern ( and most senior ) Augustus ; in the final reorganisation by Constantine the Great, in 318, the equivalent of his domain, facing the most redoubtable foreign enemy, Sassanid Persia, became the pretorian prefecture Oriens ' the East ', the core of later Byzantium.

He has spent 4 years building the city on the site of ancient Byzantium ; having chosen the site for its strategic location ( a seaport with easy access to Anatolia and the Danube ).

Basil despised literary culture and affected an utter scorn for the learned classes of Byzantium ; however, numerous orators and philosophers were active during his reign.

< div style =" background: # ccddcc ; text-align: center ; border: 1px solid # 667766 " class =" NavHead "> Ancestors of Basil II of Byzantium

The system was further refined by his student Aristophanes of Byzantium, who first introduced the asterisk and used a symbol resembling a ⊤ for an obelus ; and finally by Aristophanes ' student, in turn, Aristarchus, from whom they earned the name of ' Aristarchian symbols '.

On this campaign, Thrasybulus relaid much of the framework for an Athenian empire on 5th century BC model ; he captured Byzantium, imposed a duty on ships passing through the Hellespont, and collected tribute from many of the islands of the Aegean.

All writers concur in representing it as a very ancient city ; Solinus and Stephanus of Byzantium ascribe its foundation to Diomedes ; a legend which appears to have been adopted by the inhabitants, who, in the time of Procopius, pretended to exhibit the tusks of the Calydonian Boar in proof of their descent.

The conduct of a new campaign was entrusted to the eunuch Narses ; Totila marched against him and was defeated and killed at the Battle of Taginae ( also known as the Battle of Busta Gallorum ) in July 552, which brought an end to the long struggle between Byzantium and the Ostrogothic Kingdom in Italy, and left the Eastern Emperor for the time being in control of Italy.

John Julius Norwich says " It was a honourable place ; but Nikephoros Phocas, the White Death of the Saracens, hero of Syria and Crete, saintly and hideous, magnificent and insufferable, had deserved a better end " ( Byzantium, The Apogee, page 210 ).

In an effort to demonstrate the Byzantine ideal of the emperor's role as the leader of the Christian world, John marched into Muslim Syria at the head of the combined forces of Byzantium and the Crusader states ; yet despite the great vigour with which he pressed the campaign, John's hopes were disappointed by the treachery of his Crusader allies, who deliberately failed to fight against their common Muslim enemies at the crucial moment.

* Norwich, John J. Byzantium ; Vol.

< div style =" background: # ccddcc ; text-align: center ; border: 1px solid # 667766 " class =" NavHead "> Ancestors of John II Komnenos of Byzantium

Unlike his predecessors, Constantine neither delayed nor made excuses to avoid appearing in the imperial city ; in fact, he " identified with Byzantium as perhaps no Roman pontiff before him ever had ".

Livy says merely that the colony was sent in Thurinum agrum, and does not mention anything of a change of name ; but Strabo tells us that they gave to the new colony the name of Copiae, and this statement is confirmed both by Stephanus of Byzantium, and by the evidence of coins, on which, however, the name is written " COPIA ".

Despite these problems, however, the novella's length provides unique advantages ; in the introduction to a novella anthology titled Sailing to Byzantium, Robert Silverberg writes:

However, both the Greek letter " β " ( v ) and the Cyrillic " в " ( v ) have been historically Romanized as " b " ( other examples include " Βυζάντιον ", Vizantion → Byzantium ; the Greek name " Βασίλειος ", Vassilios and the Russian " Василий ", Vassily → Basil, the Byzantine title " σεβαστοκράτωρ "/" севастократор " sevastokrator → sebastokrator, etc .).

; 555-572: The Fourth Samaritan Revolt against Byzantium results in great reduction of the Samaritan community, their Israelite faith is outlawed.

Characters from the Cornelius novels show up in much of Moorcock's other fiction: " The Dancers at the End of Time " series has a character called Jherek Carnelian who is the son of Lord Jagged of Canaria, and there are several hints in the series that Lord Jagged may be a guise of Jerry Cornelius ; the Cornelius-series character Una Persson also appears in the " Dancers " series and the Oswald Bastable books, and may also be the character Oona in the later Elric books ; Colonel Pyat has his own non-SF series of books by Moorcock, beginning with Byzantium Endures.

A cultural definition of Europe as the lands of Latin Christendom coalesced in the 8th century, signifying the new cultural condominium created through the confluence of Germanic traditions and Christian-Latin culture, defined partly in contrast with Byzantium and Islam, and limited to northern Iberia, the British Isles, France, Christianized western Germany, the Alpine regions and northern and central Italy.

* Constantine XI, as despotate of the Morea, invades the Latin Duchy of Athens and forces them to pay tribute, and return Thebes to Byzantium.

Before 1150 only a few translated works of Aristotle existed in Latin Europe ( i. e. excluding Greek Byzantium ), and they were not studied much or given as much credence by monastic scholars.

March 19, 1205 ), Emperor of Byzantium ( 1204 – 1205 ); and two younger brothers: Alexios Laskaris, Latin military leader against the Bulgars who fought with the French against John III Doukas Vatatzes and was imprisoned and blinded, and Isaakios Laskaris.

* Van Tricht, F., The Latin Renovatio of Byzantium: The Empire of Constantinople ( 1204-1228 ), Leiden: Brill, 2011

In its early history it shared the fortunes of Byzantium, was taken by the satrap Otanes, vacillated long between the Lacedaemonian and the Athenian interestsThe last appointment to this Latin titular see dates to 1967.

The Latin Empire in Constantinople was eventually defeated and dispossessed by a resurgent Byzantium in 1261, although the Latin Patriarchate persisted as a titular office with varying vigour, based in Rome at the St. Peter's Basilica.

Although known in Byzantium, the Elements was lost to Western Europe until c. 1120, when the English monk Adelard of Bath translated it into Latin from an Arabic translation.

In 1238, Byzantium was governed by Latin Emperor Baldwin of Constantinople.

* " Nova Roma " is traditionally reported to be the Latin name given by emperor Constantine the Great to the new imperial capital he founded in 330 at the city on the European coast of the Bosporus strait, known as Byzantium until then and as Kōnstantinoúpolis ( Constantinople ) from that time to its official renaming as Istanbul in 1928.

Athens was initially the capital of the eponymous Duchy of Athens, a fief of the Latin Empire which replaced Byzantium.

The Arabic word " Rūm " refers to Constantinople ( formerly Byzantium, now Istanbul ), whose official name was New Rome ( Latin: Nova Roma Greek: Νέα Ρώμη ).

* It has been an alternative name for the Latin Empire, centred on Byzantium, set up by Roman Catholic Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade with the intention of replacing the Eastern Orthodox Byzantine Empire with a Roman Catholic empire.

The Dictionary of the Middle Ages, completed in 1989, consists of 13 volumes covering the years 500-1500 and examines the Latin West, Slavic, Byzantium, and Islam.

The former displays his humanism in his use of hexameter, the latter in his knowledge of the Latin ; both of which are otherwise unknown in Byzantium, and foreboding a broader grasp of antiquity.

Founded in the Ninth Century B.C. it was called Byzantium 200 years later when Byzas, ruler of the Megarians, expanded the settlement and named it after himself.

Konstantinos Porphyrogennetos, the fourth emperor of the Macedonian dynasty of the Byzantine Empire in the 9th century AD, referred to Asia Minor as East thema, " ανατολικόν θέμα " ( from the Greek words anatoli: east, thema: administrative division ), placing this region to the East of Byzantium, while Europe was lying to the West.

The crusade was a notable success for Byzantium, as Alexios now recovered a number of important cities and islands.

He was one of the ten Attic orators included in the " Alexandrian Canon " compiled by Aristophanes of Byzantium and Aristarchus of Samothrace in the third century BC.

After the death of Alexander the city ( now known as Akroinοn ( Ακροϊνόν ) or Nikopolis ( Νικόπολις ) in Ancient Greek ), was ruled by the Seleucids and the kings of Pergamon, then Rome and Byzantium.

The Greek city-state of Athens in the 5th century BC, which was dependent on grain imports from Scythia, maintained critical alliances with cities which controlled the straits, such as the Megarian colony Byzantium.

Byzantium was rebuilt by Septimius Severus, now emperor, and quickly regained its previous prosperity.

It was long thought that Saluki type sighthounds were originally brought to Russia from Byzantium in the South about the 9th and 10th centuries and again later by the Mongol invaders from the East.

It was founded in AD 330, at ancient Byzantium as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine I, after whom it was named.

The city was originally founded as a Greek colony under the name of Byzantium in the 7th century BC.

Constantinople was founded by the Roman Emperor Constantine I on the site of an already-existing city, Byzantium, settled in the early days of Greek colonial expansion, probably around 671 – 662 BC.

: " From the tenth to the twelfth century Byzantium was the main source of inspiration for the West.

It was about then that Aristophanes of Byzantium compiled an edition of all the extant plays of Euripides, collated from pre-Alexandrian texts, furnished with introductions and accompanied by a commentary that was ' published ' separately.

The decade 914 – 924 was spent in destructive warfare between Byzantium and Bulgaria over this and other matters of conflict.

Greek medicine was part of Greek culture, and Syrian Eastern Christians came in contact with it while the Eastern Roman Empire ( Byzantium ) ruled Syria and Western Mesopotamia, regions that were conquered from Byzantium in the 7th century by Arab Muslims.

This came about through trade with the Byzantines, as well as through Gothic membership of a military covenant, which was based in Byzantium and involved pledges of military assistance.

Diomus is also mentioned by Stephanus of Byzantium as the eponym of the deme Diomeia of the Attic phyle Aegeis: Heracles is said to have fallen in love with Diomus when he was received as guest by Diomus ' father Collytus.

But, though the country was in the fold of Byzantium, Christians in the region remained under the jurisdiction of the Roman pope until 732.

Hecate's importance to Byzantium was above all as a deity of protection.

Hesychasm, which was never anything close to a scholar's pursuit, is now studied by Western theologians who are astounded by the profound thought and spirituality of late Byzantium.

In the 4th century it was incorporated into Christian Byzantium, transforming from the pagan Eastern Roman Empire.