He was born into the aristocratic, warrior class that dominated Mytilene, the strongest city-state on the island of Lesbos and, by the end of the seventh century BC, the most influential of all the North Aegean Greek cities, with a strong navy and colonies securing its trade-routes in the Hellespont.

Athenian democracy developed in the Greek city-state of Athens, comprising the central city-state of Athens and the surrounding territory of Attica, around 508 BC.

Herodotus mentions for several events a date in the lunisolar calendar, of which each Greek city-state used a variant.

The most well-known is the Acropolis of Athens, but nearly every Greek city-state had one-the Acrocorinth famed as a particularly strong fortress.

The Corinthian order is named for the Greek city-state of Corinth, to which it was connected in the period.

The term ' democracy ' first appeared in ancient Greek political and philosophical thought in the city-state of Athens.

Its use began to develop from this original sense when the Hebrew Bible was translated into Greek ; in Ancient Greece the term διασπορά ( diaspora ) meant " scattering " and was used to refer to citizens of a dominant city-state who emigrated to a conquered land with the purpose of colonization, to assimilate the territory into the empire.

Archimedes ( 287-212 BC ), of Syracuse, Sicily, when it was a Greek city-state, is often considered to be the greatest of the Greek mathematicians, and occasionally even named as one of the three greatest of all time ( along with Isaac Newton and Carl Friedrich Gauss ).

Two monarchs have ruled simultaneously in some countries, as in the ancient Greek city-state of Sparta or the joint sovereignty of spouses or relatives ( e. g., William and Mary of Kingdom of England and Scotland, Peter and Ivan of Russia, Charles and Joanna of Castile, etc.

The city was founded by Ancient Greek Corinthians and became a very powerful city-state.

* Abantidas, the son of Paseas, becomes tyrant of the Greek city-state of Sicyon after murdering Cleinias.

* Aristotle leaves Athens due to the anti-Macedonian feeling that arises in Athens after Philip II of Macedon has sacked the Greek city-state of Olynthus in 348 BC.

At the end of the second milemnium BC, when the Mycenean city-state collapsed, it seems that the Greek thought was gradually released from the idea that each man was a servant to the gods, and sought a " moral purpose ".

Kerch as a city starts its history in 7th century BC, when Greek colonists from Miletus founded a city-state named Panticapaeum on Mount Mithridat near the mouth of the Melek-Chesme river.

* Paseas, the tyrant of the Greek city-state of Sicyon, is assassinated by Nicocles, with the acquiescence of the Macedonian king Antigonus II.

In this painting by Maarten van Heemskerck Helen, queen of the Greek city-state Sparta, is abducted by Paris, a prince of Troy in Asian Minor.

* The Persians under Darius II see their opportunity to play off one Greek city-state against another and to recover control of the Greek cities of Asia Minor, which have been under Athenian control since 449 BC.

Salamis () was an ancient Greek city-state on the east coast of Cyprus, at the mouth of the river Pedieos, 6 km north of modern Famagusta.

413-408 BC ), Greek lawgiver in the city-state of Syracuse

*" Sicyon: The most ancient Greek city-state ", Ellen Papakyriakou / Anagnostou.

418 BC – 362 BC ), or Epameinondas, was a Theban general and statesman of the 4th century BC who transformed the Ancient Greek city-state of Thebes, leading it out of Spartan subjugation into a preeminent position in Greek politics.

The Dipylon Geometric pottery of Athens and the Iliad are amazing manifestations of the inherent potentialities of Greek civilization ; ;

* 1968 – Alexandros Panagoulis attempts to assassinate the Greek dictator Colonel Georgios Papadopoulos in Varkiza, Athens.

Raphael's School of Athens, depicting an array of ancient Greek philosophers engaged in discussion.

Athens (;, Athína ; ; Katharevousa: Ἀθῆναι, Athinai ; Ancient Greek: Ἀθῆναι, Athēnai ) is the capital and largest city of Greece.

The word acropolis literally in Greek means " city on the extremity " and though associated primarily with the Greek cities Athens, Argos, Thebes, and Corinth ( with its Acrocorinth ), may be applied generically to all such citadels, including Rome, Jerusalem, Celtic Bratislava, many in Asia Minor, or even Castle Rock in Edinburgh.

Alcamenes () was an ancient Greek sculptor of Lemnos and Athens, who flourished in the 2nd half of the 5th century BC.

In early manhood ( c. 464 – 461 BC ) he went to Athens, which was rapidly becoming the centre of Greek culture.

Other Greek cities set up democracies, and even though most followed an Athenian model, none were as powerful, stable, nor as well-documented as that of Athens.

From a modern perspective these figures may seem small, but in the world of Greek city-states Athens was huge: most of the thousand or so Greek cities could only muster 1000 – 1500 adult male citizens and Corinth, a major power, had at most 15, 000 but in some very seldom cases more.

) Given the exclusionary and ancestral conception of citizenship held by Greek city-states, a relatively large portion of the population took part in the government of Athens and of other radical democracies like it.

Greek democracy created at Athens was direct, rather than representative: any adult male citizen of age could take part, and it was a duty to do so.

* Likewise the status of women seems lower in Athens than in many Greek cities.

* Slavery was more widespread at Athens than in other Greek cities.

His relations with Athens were already strained when he returned to Babylon in 324 BC ; after his death, Athens and Sparta led several Greek states to war with Macedon and lost.

* 1941 – World War II: The Greek government and King George II evacuate Athens before the invading Wehrmacht.

The Delian League, founded about 477 BC, was an association of Greek city-states, members numbering between 150 to 173, under the leadership of Athens, whose purpose was to continue fighting the Persian Empire after the Greek victory in the Battle of Plataea at the end of the Second Persian invasion of Greece.

The Greek states of Athens and Eretria allowed themselves to be drawn into this conflict by Aristagoras, and during their only campaigning season ( 498 BC ) they contributed to the capture and burning of the Persian regional capital of Sardis.

The Acropolis of Athens ( Greek: Ακρόπολη Αθηνών ) is an ancient citadel located on a high rocky outcrop above the city of Athens and containing the remains of several ancient buildings of great architectural and historic significance, the most famous being the Parthenon.

The type is represented by neo-Attic Imperial Roman copies of the late 1st or early 2nd century, modelled upon a supposed Greek bronze original made in the second quarter of the 5th century BCE, in a style similar to works of Polykleitos but more archaic.

The earliest archaeological evidence for the use of the Greek abacus dates to the 5th century BC.

5th century BC sarcophagus found in Amathus integrates Greek, Cypriot, and Oriental features

The ancient Greek township of that name, whose existence is attested by coins of the 5th and 4th centuries, and the river itself were located in ancient Thrace in the Chersonese.

He deciphered the Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus, a 5th century Greek manuscript of the New Testament, in the 1840s, and rediscovered the Codex Sinaiticus, a 4th century New Testament manuscript, in 1859.

* Cyrillus, 5th century Greek jurist

A 2nd century CE Greek known as Heraclitus the paradoxographer --- not to be confused with the 5th century BCE Greek philosopher Heraclitus --- claimed Euhemeristically that Cerberus had two pups which were never away from their father, as such Cerberus was in fact a normal ( however very large ) dog but artists incorporating the two pups into their work made it appear as if his two children were in fact extra heads.

The Roman writer Vitruvius credited the invention of the Corinthian order to Callimachus, a Greek sculptor of the 5th century BCE.

The earliest reasonably reliable date for the crossbow in the Greek world is from the 5th century BC.

The artisans and blacksmiths of Iberia in what is now southern Spain and southwestern France produced various iron daggers and swords of high quality from the 5th to the 3rd century BC, in ornamentation and patterns influenced by Greek, Punic ( Carthaginian ), and Phoenician culture.

Much of our knowledge of the life of Diophantus is derived from a 5th century Greek anthology of number games and strategy puzzles.

The writing system had two historical phases: the archaic from the 7th to 5th century BC, which used the early Greek alphabet, and the later from the 4th to 1st century BC, which modified some of the letters.

From the lifetime of the Greek philosopher Anaxagoras in the 5th century BCE to the 14th century CE, earthquakes were usually attributed to " air ( vapors ) in the cavities of the Earth.

Only fragments are preserved in Greek, but a complete Syriac translation of the Theophania survives in an early 5th century manuscript.

Some ancient authorities in the doxographic tradition credited the Greek philosophers Pythagoras, in the 6th century BC, and Parmenides, in the 5th, with recognizing that the Earth is spherical.

Roman copy of a Greek 5th century Hera of the " Barberini Hera " type, from the Museo Chiaramonti

The ancient Greek horse trainer Xenophon mentioned nothing about horseshoes in his treatise on the care of military cavalry, nor did the Digesta Artis Mulomedicinae by Vegetius Renatus, written in the 4th or 5th century AD, mention nailed-on shoes, though he accurately enumerated everything connected with an army forge in the time.

The Carthaginian sailor Himilco is said to have visited the island in the 5th century BC and the Greek explorer Pytheas in the 4th.

Herodotus ( 5th century BC ), the great Greek historian ; one of the earliest historians whose work survives.

In western Macedonia however, the lack of coordination between the Greek and Serbian HQs cost the Greeks a setback in the Battle of Vevi on, when the Greek 5th Infantry Division crossed its way with the VI Ottoman Corps ( a part of the Vardar Army consisting of the 16th, 17th and 18th Nizamiye divisions ), retreating to Albania following the battle of Prilep against the Serbs.

Massalia ( modern Marseille ) silver coin with Greek legend, a testimony to Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul, 5th – 1st century BCE.