# Flexible Mechanisms: The " flexibility " mechanisms which the United States had strongly favored when the Protocol was initially put together, including emissions trading ; Joint Implementation ( JI ); and the Clean Development Mechanism ( CDM ) which allow industrialized countries to fund emissions reduction activities in developing countries as an alternative to domestic emission reductions.

# Financing: There was agreement on the establishment of three new funds to provide assistance for needs associated with climate change: ( 1 ) a fund for climate change that supports a series of climate measures ; ( 2 ) a least-developed-country fund to support National Adaptation Programs of Action ; and ( 3 ) a Kyoto Protocol adaptation fund supported by a CDM levy and voluntary contributions.

According to this pact, Gandhi was asked to call off the Civil Disobedience Movement ( CDM ) and if he did so the prisoners of the British government would be freed excepting the criminal prisoners, i. e. those who had killed British officials.

Between 2001, which was the first year CDM projects could be registered and by 2012, the end of the Kyoto commitment period, the CDM is expected to produce some 1. 5 billion tons of carbon dioxide equivalent ( CO < sub > 2 </ sub > e ) in emission reductions.

Carbon capture and storage ( CCS ) was included in the CDM carbon offsetting scheme in December 2011.

One was over the additionality of emission reductions produced by the CDM ( see the section on additionality ).

The decision to opt out came less than three months after the CDM case was upheld on appeal as " ESPN thinks the court's decision means that it was paying a license fee for fantasy rights that others, such as CDM, were getting free.

The project was the first in the world to generate Certified Emission Reductions ( CERs ) under the Clean Development Mechanism ( CDM ).

In 1979, CDM ( Namdeb ), donated R10, 000 towards sports facilities which was used for new tennis courts.

" The presence of a cusp in the centers of CDM halos is one of the earliest and strongest results derived from N-body cosmological simulations.

" The main one that has attracted a lot of attention is the cuspy halo problem, namely that CDM models predict halos that have a high density core or have an inner profile that is too steep compared to observations.

The Clean Development Mechanism ( CDM ) is one of the flexibility mechanisms defined in the Kyoto Protocol ( IPCC, 2007 ) that provides for emissions reduction projects which generate Certified Emission Reduction units which may be traded in emissions trading schemes.

The CDM is one of the " flexibility mechanisms " that is defined in the Kyoto Protocol.

The CDM is one of the Protocol's " project-based " mechanisms, in that the CDM is designed to promote projects that reduce emissions.

CDM lamps use one fifth of the power of comparable tungsten incandescent light bulbs for the same light output ( 80 – 117 lm / W ) and retain colour stability better than most other gas discharge lamps.

Mitigation options through the Kyoto mechanisms ( Emissions Trading, Joint Implementation, and CDM ) are of greatest near-term interest, not only because of the opportunities to obtain financial support, but also because expanded platforms for industrial biotechnology can address long-term sustainable development goals at the same time that they offer greenhouse gas ( GHG ) emission reductions.

** 1997 – 2001 Integra Type-R ( Note: 1999 model CDM only )

CDM is organized into two schools: the School of Cinema and Interactive Media and the School of Computing.

NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe listed a contract to trade offsets generated by a CDM carbon project called Certified Emission Reductions.

Digital bit streams can be transferred over an analog channel by means of code-division multiplexing ( CDM ) techniques such as frequency-hopping spread spectrum ( FHSS ) and direct-sequence spread spectrum ( DSSS ).

One of the most widely used CDM simulation test models is defined by the JEDEC.

CDM is a recognized national leader in computer network security and information assurance education, according to a designation bestowed by the National Security Agency and the U. S. Department of Homeland Security.

The report misrepresented Canada's ability to invest in developing nations to meet emissions targets through CDM by misquoting the amount of credit to be 85 million instead of the real approximation of 3 billion.

# " The picture of halo formations suggested by CDM simulations is wrong.

During the 1980's, most research focused on cold dark matter with critical density in matter, around 95 % CDM and 5 % baryons: these showed success at forming galaxies and clusters of galaxies, but problems remained: notably the model required a Hubble constant lower than preferred by observations, and the model under-predicted observed large-scale galaxy clustering.

NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe listed a contract to trade offsets generated by a CDM carbon project called Certified Emission Reductions ( CERs ).

The CDM addresses the second objective by by allowing the Annex I countries to meet part of their emission reduction commitments under the Kyoto Protocol by buying Certified Emission Reduction units from CDM emission reduction projects in developing countries ( Carbon Trust, 2009, p. 14 ).

" The CDM is supervised by the CDM Executive Board ( CDM EB ) and is under the guidance of the Conference of the Parties ( COP / MOP ) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ( UNFCCC ).

This wording has led to a wide range of interpretations-the Netherlands for example aims to achieve half of its required emission reductions ( from a BAU baseline ) by CDM.

Then, using methodologies approved by the CDM Executive Board ( EB ), the applicant ( the industrialised country ) must make the case that the carbon project would not have happened anyway ( establishing additionality ), and must establish a baseline estimating the future emissions in absence of the registered project.

All baseline methodologies approved by Executive Board are publicly available along with relevant guidance on the UNFCCC CDM website.

* Common Diagnostic Model ( CDM ) – The CDM schema is a part of the CIM schema that defines how system diagnostics should be incorporated into the management infrastructure.

The DePaul University College of Computing and Digital Media ( CDM ) is also located in the Loop and includes the largest graduate program in the United States.

CDM has an 11-month Master in Development Management program intended for executives and managers from developing nations.

There are three prominent hypotheses on nonbaryonic dark matter, called Hot Dark Matter ( HDM ), Warm Dark Matter ( WDM ), and Cold Dark Matter ( CDM ); some combination of these is also possible.

The issue came to a head with the lawsuit of Major League Baseball Advanced Media ( MLBAM ), MLB's Internet company, vs. St. Louis-based CBC Distribution and Marketing Inc., the parent company of CDM Sports.

Code division multiplexing ( CDM ) or spread spectrum is a class of techniques where several channels simultaneously share the same frequency spectrum, and this spectral bandwidth is much higher than the bit rate or symbol rate.

Code Division Multiplexing ( CDM ) is a technique in which each channel transmits its bits as a coded channel-specific sequence of pulses.

Philips follows under W. de Kock and calls their versions CDM Ceramic Discharge Metal.

A Charged Device Model ( CDM ) test is used to define the ESD a device can withstand when the device itself has an electrostatic charge and discharges due to metal contact.

CDM discharge depends mainly on parasitic parameters of the discharge and is strongly depending on size and type of component package.

The existence of non-baryonic cold dark matter ( CDM ) is today a major feature of the Lambda-CDM model that describes the cosmology of the universe.

Further challenges to dark matter theory, or at least its most popular form-cold dark matter ( CDM ), came from analysis of the centres of low surface brightness galaxies.

Numerical simulations based on CDM gave predictions of the shape of the rotation curves in the centre of dark-matter dominated systems, such as these galaxies.

* Axions are very light particles with a specific type of self-interaction that makes them a suitable CDM candidate.

All of these problems have a number of proposed solutions, and it remains unclear how serious a challenge they represent for the CDM paradigm.

The content of the universe presently consists of 4. 56 % ± 0. 15 % ordinary baryonic matter ; 22. 8 % ± 1. 3 % Cold dark matter ( CDM ) that neither emits nor absorbs light ; and 72. 6 % ± 1. 5 % of dark energy in the form of a cosmological constant that accelerates the expansion of the universe.