Carboxylic acid groups (− CO < sub > 2 </ sub > H ) can be deprotonated to become negative carboxylates (− CO < sub > 2 </ sub >< sup >−</ sup > ), and α-amino groups ( NH < sub > 2 </ sub >−) can be protonated to become positive α-ammonium groups (< sup >+</ sup > NH < sub > 3 </ sub >−).

Oceanic models have shown that the opening of these two passages limited polar heat convergence and caused a cooling of sea surface temperatures by several degrees ; other models have shown that CO < sub > 2 </ sub > levels also played a significant role in the glaciation of Antarctica < sup >.</ sup >

* Eno-NaHCO < sub > 3 </ sub >, Citric acid, Na < sub > 2 </ sub > CO < sub > 3 </ sub >

: CaCO < sub > 3 </ sub > ( s ) + H < sub > 2 </ sub > SO < sub > 4 </ sub > ( aq ) CaSO < sub > 4 </ sub > ( aq ) + CO < sub > 2 </ sub > ( g ) + H < sub > 2 </ sub > O ( l )

These may include a tire patch kit ( which, in turn, may contain any combination of a hand pump or CO < sub > 2 </ sub > Pump, tire levers, spare tubes, self-adhesive patches, or tube-patching material, an adhesive, a piece of sandpaper or a metal grater ( for roughing the tube surface to be patched ), and sometimes even a block of French chalk.

In addition, biopolymers have the potential to cut carbon emissions and reduce CO < sub > 2 </ sub > quantities in the atmosphere: this is because the CO < sub > 2 </ sub > released when they degrade can be reabsorbed by crops grown to replace them: this makes them close to carbon neutral.

Some biopolymers are biodegradable: they are broken down into CO < sub > 2 </ sub > and water by microorganisms.

: CH < sub > 3 </ sub > CO < sub > 2 </ sub > H + H < sub > 2 </ sub > O CH < sub > 3 </ sub > CO < sub > 2 </ sub >< sup >−</ sup > + H < sub > 3 </ sub > O < sup >+</ sup >

Similarly, relatively little energy is used in producing and combining the raw materials ( although large amounts of CO < sub > 2 </ sub > are produced by the chemical reactions in cement manufacture ).

This Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > eventually is transported to the ocean where it reacts with dissolved CO < sub > 2 </ sub > to form limestone.

* 216: 331 Akron / Canton / Cleveland / Lorain / Youngstown, OH ( deprecated, 331 is available for assignment as a new CO code as of 2012.

" His replacement is the Blue Angels ' previous CO, Captain Greg McWherter.

The actual reaction is more complicated and involves the bicarbonate ion ( HCO < sub > 3 </ sub >< sup >-</ sup >) that forms when CO < sub > 2 </ sub > reacts with water at seawater pH:

Note that at ocean pH most of the CO < sub > 2 </ sub > produced in this reaction is immediately converted back into.

The result is that each Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > ion released by chemical weathering ultimately removes one CO < sub > 2 </ sub > molecule from the surficial system ( atmosphere, ocean, soils and living organisms ), storing it in carbonate rocks where it is likely to stay for hundreds of millions of years.

The weathering of silicate rocks like granite, on the other hand, is a net CO < sub > 2 </ sub > sink because it produces abundant Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > but very little CO < sub > 2 </ sub >.

It turns cloudy where CO < sub > 2 </ sub > is present.

In geology and mineralogy, the term " carbonate " can refer both to carbonate minerals and carbonate rock ( which is made of chiefly carbonate minerals ), and both are dominated by the carbonate ion, CO. Carbonate minerals are extremely varied and ubiquitous in chemically precipitated sedimentary rock.

It is the conjugate base of the hydrogen carbonate ( bicarbonate ) ion, HCO < sub > 3 </ sub >< sup >−</ sup >, which is the conjugate base of H < sub > 2 </ sub > CO < sub > 3 </ sub >, carbonic acid.

When the partial pressure of is reduced, for example when a can of soda is opened, the equilibrium for each of the forms of carbonate ( carbonate, bicarbonate, carbon dioxide, and carbonic acid ) shifts until the concentration of in the solution is equal to the solubility of CO < sub > 2 </ sub > at that temperature and pressure.

when pH is too low, the concentration of hydrogen ions is too high, so one exhales CO < sub > 2 </ sub >.

By removing the bicarbonate more H < sup >+</ sup > is generated from carbonic acid ( H < sub > 2 </ sub > CO < sub > 3 </ sub >) which come from CO < sub > 2 </ sub >( g ) produced by cellular respiration.

The process by which carbon sinks remove carbon dioxide ( CO < sub > 2 </ sub >) from the atmosphere is known as carbon sequestration.

Under some conditions, forests and peat bogs may become sources of CO < sub > 2 </ sub >, such as when a forest is flooded by the construction of a hydroelectric dam.

Each pyruvate molecule produced by glycolysis is actively transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane, and into the matrix where it is oxidized and combined with coenzyme A to form CO < sub > 2 </ sub >, acetyl-CoA, and NADH.

Vinegar is a liquid substance consisting mainly of acetic acid ( CH < sub > 3 </ sub > CO < sub > 2 </ sub > H ) and water, the acetic acid being produced through the fermentation of ethanol by acetic acid bacteria.

With regard to host location, female mosquitoes hunt their blood host by detecting organic substances such as carbon dioxide ( CO < sub > 2 </ sub >) and 1-octen-3-ol produced from the host, and through optical recognition.

All the CO < sub > 2 </ sub > that is produced by burning 1 liter of oil can be sequestered by less than 1 liter of olivine.

Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide ( CO < sub > 2 </ sub >) are also produced.

Hurricane modeling has produced similar results, finding that hurricanes, simulated under warmer, high CO < sub > 2 </ sub > conditions, are more intense than under present-day conditions.

Most industrially produced sodium carbonate is soda ash, sodium carbonate anhydrate Na < sub > 2 </ sub > CO < sub > 3 </ sub >, which is obtained by calcination ( dry heating at temperatures of 150 to 200 ° C ) of sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate monohydrate, or trona.

The exhaust is primarily CO < sub > 2 </ sub > produced from the anode consumption and hydrogen fluoride ( HF ) from the cryolite and flux.

Most of the CO produced by gasification is oxidized to in the secondary combustion cycle ; therefore, gasification stoves carry lower health risks than conventional cooking fires.

CO is produced when appliances burn fuel without enough oxygen present, such as basements and other indoor locations.

Furthermore, a fusion reactor would produce virtually no CO < sub > 2 </ sub > or other atmospheric pollutants, and its other radioactive waste products would be very short-lived compared to those produced by conventional nuclear reactors.

In the 1930s the Daimler CO chassis became the main model, followed by a similar, but heavier, CW ' austerity ' model produced during World War II ( 100 with the Gardner 5LW engine ( CWG5 ), the rest with the AEC 7. 7-litre engine-CWA6 ) and in postwar years production worked through the Daimler CV to the long-running Daimler CR Fleetline, built from 1960 to 1980 ( CVG5 and CVG6 had been a common type of bus in Hong Kong between 1950 to 1988 and Fleetline had also become a major type of bus in Hong Kong until 1995 ).

* Although catalytic converters are effective at removing hydrocarbons and other harmful emissions, they do not reduce the emission of carbon dioxide ( CO < sub > 2 </ sub >) produced when fossil fuels are burnt.

Assuming the magma that formed Tharsis contained carbon dioxide ( CO < sub > 2 </ sub >) and water vapor in percentages comparable to that observed in Hawaiian basaltic lava, then the total amount of gases released from Tharsis magmas could have produced a 1. 5-bar CO < sub > 2 </ sub > atmosphere and a global layer of water 120 m thick.

It was discovered that adding steam to the input air of a gas producer would increase the calorific value of the fuel gas by enriching it with CO and hydrogen ( H < sub > 2 </ sub >) produced by water gas reactions.

Where 1. 05 is number of grams of ethanol produced for every gram of CO < sub > 2 </ sub > produced and. 79 is the density of ethanol,

The only coal-fired electricity generating plants in South Australia, in 2009 they produced 33 % of the state's electricity, but over 50 % of the state's CO < sub > 2 </ sub > emissions from electricity generation.

The methane is reported to be produced by microbial reduction of the volcanic CO < sub > 2 </ sub >.