His ideal was Alexander of Macedon, as Napoleon's was Julius Caesar.

`` Tact '', by its very derivation, implies that its possessor keeps in touch with other people, but the author of Clericis Laicos and Unam Sanctam, the wielder of the two swords, the papal sun of which the imperial moon was but a dim reflection, the peer of Caesar and vice-regent of Christ, was so high above other human beings that he had forgotten what they were like.

The large statue on the first floor is believed to be the statue of Pompey at the base of which Julius Caesar was stabbed to death ( if so, the statue once stood in the senate house ).

As you approach the church on the Via D. Baullari you are passing within yards of the remains of the Roman Theatre of Pompey, near which is believed to have been the place where Julius Caesar was assassinated.

Born into an old, wealthy equestrian branch of the Plebeian Octavii family, Augustus was adopted posthumously by his maternal great-uncle Gaius Julius Caesar in 44 BC following Caesar's assassination.

His mother Atia was the niece of Julius Caesar.

The following year he was put in charge of the Greek games that were staged in honor of the Temple of Venus Genetrix, built by Julius Caesar.

In 46 BC, she consented for him to join Caesar in Hispania, where he planned to fight the forces of Pompey, Caesar's late enemy, but Octavius fell ill and was unable to travel.

On 15 March 44 BC, Octavius's adoptive father Julius Caesar was assassinated by a conspiracy led by Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus.

At the time Caesar was killed on the Ides of March ( the 15th ) 44 BC, Octavius was studying and undergoing military training in Apollonia, Illyria.

She became Tiberius's first wife and was the mother of his natural son Drusus Julius Caesar.

Lucius ’ name was changed to Nero Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus and he became Claudius ’ s adopted son, heir and recognised successor.

He allowed Alexios II to be crowned, but was responsible for the death of most of the young emperor's actual or potential defenders, including his mother, his half-sister and the Caesar, and refused to allow him the smallest voice in public affairs.

For example, Alfonso halted his army in pious respect before the birthplace of a Latin writer, carried Livy or Caesar on his campaigns with him, and his panegyrist Panormita even stated that the king was cured of an illness when a few pages of Quintus Curtius Rufus ' history of Alexander the Great were read to him.

In 44 BC Julius Caesar added two plebeian aediles, called Cereales, whose special duty was the care of the cereal ( corn ) supply.

This caused Caesar to remark, " The day was theirs had there been anyone among them to take it.

Although Pompey was strongly against it-he wanted to surround and starve Caesar's army instead-he eventually gave in and accepted battle from Caesar on a field near Pharsalus.

This " nothing to lose " mentality was played up by Caesar to his men as he explained that defeat meant nothing less than death.

Caesar also deployed in three lines but could only set them to six men deep if he was to match the length of Pompey's line.

As was typical of Caesar he gambled and began discreetly thinning his already depleted ranks of men then repositioned them as a fourth line to support his cavalry against the inevitable assault by the much larger Pompeian cavalry.

There was significant distance between the two armies, according to Caesar.

Caesar foresaw that they would now attempt to ally themselves with the Germans.

Friends of the young Alexios II now tried to form a party against the empress mother and the prōtosebastos ; Alexios II's half-sister Maria, wife of Caesar John ( Renier of Montferrat ), stirred up riots in the streets of the capital.

During his Danube sojourn ( Drinkwater suggests in 255 or 256 ) he proclaimed his elder son Valerian II Caesar and thus official heir to himself and Valerian I ; the boy probably now joined Gallienus on campaign and when Gallienus moved west to the Rhine provinces in 257 remained behind on the Danube as the personification of Imperial authority.

According to Caesar, those killed had been the Tigurini, on whom he had now taken revenge in the name of the Republic and his family.

Caesar now had a secure base from which to launch an invasion of Britain.

Speculation that the Roman dictator Julius Caesar was born by the method now known as C-section is apparently false.

Caesar's mediation between Crassus and Pompey led to the creation of the coalition between Crassus, Pompey, and Caesar ( by now consul ), known as the First Triumvirate in 60 BC.

There is evidence that Julius Caesar used more complicated systems as well, and one writer, Aulus Gellius, refers to a ( now lost ) treatise on his ciphers:

Brutus is portrayed as a man similar to Caesar, but whose passions lead him to the wrong reasoning, which he realises in the end when he says in V. v. 50 – 51, “ Caesar, now be still :/ I kill ’ d not thee with half so good a will ”.

Octavian — who had begun calling himself " Divi filius " (" son of the divinity ") after Caesar's deification as Divus Iulius (" the Divine Julius ") and now styled himself simply " Imperator Caesar " — took control of the West, Antony of the East, and Lepidus of Hispania and Africa.

Caesar is now with a group campaigning to get a full-time local radio station for the Sittingbourne area of Kent, SFM.

With the exception of a few major writers, such as Cicero, Caesar, Lucretius and Catullus, ancient accounts of Republican literature are glowing accounts of jurists and orators who wrote prolifically but who now can't be read because their works have been lost, or analyses of language and style that appear insightful but can't be verified because there are no surviving instances.

This situation continued until 293, when Constantius Chlorus, now the western Caesar, marched into Gaul and reclaimed it for the empire.

With these hopes now dashed, Tiberius left his administration more than ever in the care of Sejanus, and looked toward the sons of Germanicus ( Nero Caesar, Drusus Caesar, and Caligula ) as possible future heirs.

The town was given the name of Caesaromagus ( the market place of Caesar ), although the reason for it being given the great honour of bearing the Imperial prefix is now unclear – possibly as a failed ' planned town ' provincial capital to replace Londinium or Camulodunum.

In what was now his city he went on with the nine tempera pictures of the Triumphs of Caesar, which he had probably begun before his leaving for Rome, and which he finished around 1492.

It was now a race against time as both Caesar and Pompey rushed to meet Antony.

Pompey ordered a halt, believing that Caesar was now done for and also suspicious of a trap.

One of the soldiers jokingly said that Caesar was better than his word: he had promised to make them foot guards, but now they appeared as knights.

Formally declared an enemy of the State, Caesar pursued the senatorial party, now led by Pompey, who abandoned the city to raise arms in Greece, with Cato among his companions.

* 27 BC – End of the Republic, beginning of the Roman Empire: Octavian is now called Augustus Caesar and becomes the sole ruler of Rome

However, this time, supporters were difficult to find because it was by now clear Caesar had won the civil war.