Calvinism became the theological system of the majority in Scotland ( see John Knox ), the Netherlands, with men such as William Ames, T J Frelinghuysen and Wilhelmus à Brakel and parts of Germany ( especially those adjacent to the Netherlands ) with the likes of Olevianus and his colleague Zacharias Ursinus.

In 1536, with Protestantism in the ascendancy, John Calvin, the founder of Calvinism, became the spiritual leader of the city.

Even the Geneva académie was eclipsed by universities in Leiden and Heidelberg, which became the new strongholds of Calvin's ideas, first identified as " Calvinism " by Joachim Westphal in 1552.

When the senior branch of the family died out in 1559, the Electorate passed to Frederick III of Simmern, a staunch Calvinist, and the Palatinate became one of the major centers of Calvinism in Europe, supporting Calvinist rebellions in both the Netherlands and France.

After the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre in 1572 this trait in him became the more pronounced, and he continued as the chief patron of English Puritans and a champion of international Calvinism.

Calvinism has been known at times for its simple, unadorned churches and lifestyles, as depicted in this painting by Emmanuel de Witte c. 1660Calvinism became the theological system of the majority in the Netherlands during the Dutch Revolt in the Eighty Years War.

The staple trade made Boston a centre of intellectual influence from the Continent, including the teachings of John Calvin that became known as Calvinism.

There, he met up with John Knox and became a supporter of Calvinism.

There, he became the principal champion of Swiss Calvinism, against the Lutherans as well as the Roman Catholics, and was appointed chaplain to Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, the Lord Protector.

The early Dutch followers of his teaching became known as Remonstrants after they issued a document containing five points of disagreement with mainstream Calvinism, entitled Remonstrantiæ ( 1610 ).

In 1524, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, arrived at Valenciennes, and — even when Henry II of France allied with him against the Protestants in 1552 — Valenciennes became ( c. 1560 ) an early center of Calvinism and in 1562 was location of the first act of resistance against persecution of Protestants in the Spanish Netherlands.

In 16th century the town also became one of the most notable centres of Calvinism in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, after Mikołaj " the Red " Radziwiłł founded a collegiate and a church there.

With the advance of Calvinism in 1535, it became a center for the Counter-Reformation and the bishop's see of Geneva was transferred here.

He was by training not a theologian but rather a classics scholar, and his theological approach became more or less irenic both toward Catholicism and toward Calvinism, which was followed by his disciples called Philippists.

By the adoption of the Formula of Concord their cause was ruined in all the territories which accepted it, although in some others it survived under the aspect of a modified Lutheranism, as in Nuremberg, or, as in Nassau, Hesse, Anhalt, and Bremen, where it became more or less definitely identified with Calvinism.

The book, attacked from the standpoint of high Calvinism, became the standard of a far-reaching movement in Scottish Presbyterianism.

Norton's Calvinism grew with years, and towards the end of his career he became a rabid fanatic.

On his return to his diocese, his zeal and eloquence were largely instrumental in withstanding the progress of Calvinism, and among others he converted Henry Sponde, who became bishop of Pamiers, and the Swiss general Sancy.

In second half of the 16th century the town became one of the most important centres of Calvinism in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

All churches in the Calvinist territories became Calvinist and most of the population in these territories converted to or were forced to convert to Calvinism.

he converted to Calvinism and became an ardent supporter of the Polish Reformed Church.

His Irenicum vere christianum is directed against David Pareus ( 1548 – 1622 ), professor primarius at Heidelberg, who in Irenicum sive de unione et synodo Evangelicorum ( 1614 ) had pleaded for a reconciliation of Lutheranism and Calvinism ; his Calvinista aulopoliticus ( 1610 ) was written against the " damnable Calvinism " which was becoming prevalent in Holstein and Brandenburg.

The religious confrontations ( the Portuguese-Brazilian Catholicism and the Dutch Calvinism ), Portugal's restoration of the throne in 1640 and the reconquest of Maranhão in 1643, lead the Portuguese-Brazilians to undertake the 1645 uprising, led by André Vidal de Negreiros and João Fernandes Vieira.

At Rotterdam Bayle published his famous Pensées diverses sur la comète de 1680 in 1682, as well as his critique of Louis Maimbourg's work on the history of Calvinism.

By 1933, he served as VU's first University Dean, a rotating position, and published Calvinism and the Reformation of Philosophy ( not translated, Het Calvinisme en de Reformatie van de Wijsbegeerte ).

As a sort of pendant to the Protestant Bonivard, we have the nun Jeanne de Jussie who in her Levain du Calvinisme ( c. 1545 ) recounts the establishment of Calvinism at Geneva, while the noble Pierre de Pierrefleur in his Mémoires does the same in a lighter and less lachrymose style for Orbe, his native district.

Although officially non-denominational, the initial Amherst was widely seen as a religiously conservative institution with a strong connection to Calvinism, and as a result, there was considerable debate in the Massachusetts government over whether the new college should receive an official charter from the state, and a charter was not granted until February 21, 1825.

Calvinism was the state religion in the Dutch Republic.

Mainstream Baptists is a Network of Baptists in fourteen ( US ) states that have organized to uphold historic Baptist principles, particularly separation of church and state, and to oppose Fundamentalism and Theocratic Calvinism within the Southern Baptist Convention.

His views on religion presented in his works of philosophy, however, may strike some as discordant with the doctrines of both Catholicism and Calvinism.

Because religion helps to define motivation, Weber believed that religion ( and specifically Calvinism ) actually helped to give rise to modern capitalism, as he asserted in his most famous and controversial work, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.

In the Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579, Holland and Zeeland were granted the right to accept only one religion ( in practice Calvinism ).

According to the terms of the Union of Utrecht, the rights and privileges of the Roman Catholic religion were safeguarded, however a few years later, on June 14, 1580, the public practice of Catholicism was forbidden by the magistrates of Utrecht, who were by then mostly Protestant Calvinists or had been forced to profess Calvinism.

Afrikaner Calvinism is, according to theory, a unique cultural development that combined the Calvinist religion with the political aspirations of the white Afrikaans speaking people of South Africa.

Some scholars and revisionist historians are attempting to draw lines of distinction between Calvinism per se, the history of the Afrikaners, and the civil religion of the apartheid regime in particular.

Despite the lack of political freedom of speech in Prussia at the time King Wilhelm III, under the influence of his relatively enlightened minister of religion, health and education Altenstein, allowed pretty much anything to be said about religion so long as there was practical obedience to his enforced merging of Calvinism and Lutheranism and spreading of Protestantism in Catholic areas.

Any other religion ( i. e. Calvinism ) should be abolished.

Ann Douglas argues that Crosby was one of the female authors who " emasculated American religion " and helped shift it from " a rigorous Calvinism " to " an anti-intellectual and sentimental mass culture ".

As for the religion, 74. 5 % are Catholics, 12. 7 % Orthodox, 10. 5 % agnostics and atheist while the rest belong to Baptism, Islam, Calvinism and other.

Heimert ( 1966 ) argues that Calvinism and Jonathan Edwards provided pre-Revolutionary America with a radical and democratic social and political ideology and that evangelical religion embodied and inspired a thrust toward American nationalism.

In an era when religion ( whether Catholicism, Calvinism, Islam, or others ) permeated everything, to analyze the morality of the acts was considered the most practical and useful study one could undertake to serve society.

Her aim shared with her brother Sir Philip Sidney was to strengthen and classicise the English language and to support " true " religion, which, in their view, combined Calvinism, the principles of Castiglione, and acts of charity.

Many of Clarke's earlier published writings were addressed to the immediate need of establishing a larger theory of religion than that espoused by people who were still under the influence Calvinism, or as an American phrase states the " Hard-shelled Churches.

The 1813 National Census records that the village consisted of 4, 344 inhabitants, in 704 houses, of whom 3, 798 gave their language as German, 460 as Hungarian, 45 as Slovakian, and 29 Serbian, and of whom 4, 224 gave their religion as Roman Catholicism, 37 as Calvinism, 34 as Lutheranism, 32 as Greek Orthodoxy, and 8 as Judaism.

Salomon Gesner ( 1559 – 1605 ),</ br > professor of divinity, rector of the University of Halle-Wittenberg | University of Wittenberg, Provost ( religion ) | provost at the All Saints ' Church, Wittenberg, battlesome defender of Lutheranism and persecutor of Calvinism during the Second Reformation, ancestor of today's Jauchs