Carbides of silicon, tungsten, boron and titanium, are among the hardest known materials, and are used as abrasives in cutting and grinding tools.

Carbides of the actinide elements, which have stoichiometry MC < sub > 2 </ sub > and M < sub > 2 </ sub > C < sub > 3 </ sub >, are also described as salt-like derivatives of C < sub > 2 </ sub >< sup > 2 –</ sup >.

Carbides can be generally classified by chemical bonding type as follows: ( i ) salt-like, ( ii ) covalent compounds, ( iii ) interstitial compounds, and ( iv ) " intermediate " transition metal carbides.

Carbides also form upon high temperature treatment of Cr < sub > 2 </ sub > O < sub > 3 </ sub > with carbon.

Carbides of this class decompose in water producing methane.

In 1981-84 Elkem acquired Union Carbides plants in Norway and North America and in 1986 it acquires the plants at Thamshavn and Bjølvefossen.

The coefficients are displayed in their hexadecimal equivalent of the binary representation of bit polynomials from GF ( 2 ).

Associative operations are abundant in mathematics ; in fact, many algebraic structures ( such as semigroups and categories ) explicitly require their binary operations to be associative.

Basic operations of an AVL tree involve carrying out the same actions as would be carried out on an unbalanced binary search tree, but modifications are preceded or followed by one or more operations called tree rotations, which help to restore the height balance of the subtrees.

Both AVL trees and red-black trees are self-balancing binary search trees, so they are very similar mathematically.

For example, if the sorted list to which we apply binary search has n elements, and we can guarantee that each lookup of an element in the list can be done in unit time, then at most log < sub > 2 </ sub > n + 1 time units are needed to return an answer.

However, Alpha Centauri is a bright binary star, whose unresolved components to the naked eye are both fainter than Arcturus.

These two values are often interpreted as binary digits and are usually denoted by the numerical digits 0 and 1.

Computer memory is designed with binary logic, multiples are expressed in powers of 2.

As compared to binary positional systems, BCD's principal drawbacks are a small increase in the complexity of the circuits needed to implement basic arithmetics and a slightly less dense storage.

Although BCD is not as widely used as in the past, decimal fixed-point and floating-point formats are still important and continue to be used in financial, commercial, and industrial computing, where subtle conversion and rounding errors that are inherent to floating point binary representations cannot be tolerated.

The terms dyadic relation and 2-place relation are synonyms for binary relations.

A binary relation R is usually defined as an ordered triple ( X, Y, G ) where X and Y are arbitrary sets ( or classes ), and G is a subset of the Cartesian product X × Y.

A binary operation is a binary function where the sets X, Y, and Z are all equal ; binary operations are often used to define algebraic structures.

In linear algebra, a bilinear transformation is a binary function where the sets X, Y, and Z are all vector spaces and the derived functions f < sup > x </ sup > and f < sub > y </ sub > are all linear transformations.

Note however that both in algebra and model theory the binary operations considered are defined on all of S × S.

Many binary operations of interest in both algebra and formal logic are commutative or associative.

If they are to be commended for foresight in their planning, what then is the judgment of a town council that compounds this problem during the planning stage??

The structures, properties, and reactions of these compounds are being studied.

These are grouped into sections according to the crystal system, and within each section compounds are arranged in the same order as in Groth's Chemische Krystallographie.

The compounds are divided according to composition into seven categories.

There are three indexes, i.e., an inorganic formula index, a mineralogical name index, and a name index to organic compounds.

Alkanes ( also known as paraffins or saturated hydrocarbons ) are chemical compounds that consist only of hydrogen and carbon atoms and are bonded exclusively by single bonds ( i. e., they are saturated compounds ) without any cycles ( or loops ; i. e., cyclic structure ).

The organosulphur compounds responsible for the characteristic odour are believed to have antioxidant, antibiotic and anticarcinogenic properties, to stimulate the immune system and to be protective of liver functioning.

Although the neutral ground-state chemical compounds of argon are presently limited to HArF, argon can form clathrates with water when atoms of it are trapped in a lattice of the water molecules.

Theoretical calculations have predicted several argon compounds that should be stable, but for which no synthesis routes are currently known.

Arsenic and its compounds, especially the trioxide, are used in the production of pesticides ( treated wood products ), herbicides, and insecticides.

Arsenic is notoriously poisonous to multicellular life, although a few species of bacteria are able to use arsenic compounds as respiratory metabolites.

Antimony compounds are prominent additives for chlorine-and bromine-containing fire retardants found in many commercial and domestic products.

Only a limited number of actinium compounds are known including AcF < sub > 3 </ sub >, AcCl < sub > 3 </ sub >, AcBr < sub > 3 </ sub >, AcOF, AcOCl, AcOBr, Ac < sub > 2 </ sub > S < sub > 3 </ sub >, Ac < sub > 2 </ sub > O < sub > 3 </ sub > and AcPO < sub > 4 </ sub >.

Except for AcPO < sub > 4 </ sub >, they are all similar to the corresponding lanthanum compounds and contain actinium in the oxidation state + 3.

The crystal lattice of solid americium and its compounds contains intrinsic defects, which are induced by self-irradiation with alpha particles and accumulate with time ; this results in a drift of some material properties.

9 of the 20 standard amino acids are called " essential " amino acids for humans because they cannot be created from other compounds by the human body, and so must be taken in as food.

Of the 22 standard amino acids, 9 are called essential amino acids because the human body cannot synthesize them from other compounds at the level needed for normal growth, so they must be obtained from food.

Some non-benzene-based compounds called heteroarenes, which follow Hückel's rule, are also aromatic compounds.

We are reporting these investigations here briefly because of their relevancy to problems of the study of apparently simple exchange reactions of chlorine and because the results furnish some information on the activation energy for abstraction of chlorine atoms from carbon tetrachloride.

Many are phototrophic, although some groups contain members that are mixotrophic, deriving energy both from photosynthesis and uptake of organic carbon either by osmotrophy, myzotrophy, or phagotrophy.

Saturated oils and waxes are examples of larger alkanes where the number of carbons in the carbon backbone is greater than 10.

* linear ( general formula ) wherein the carbon atoms are joined in a snake-like structure

Stainless steel is an example of a combination of interstitial and substitutional alloys, because the carbon atoms fit into the interstices, but some of the iron atoms are replaced with nickel and chromium atoms.

When this happens, the carbon atoms are said to be in solution, or mixed with the iron, forming a single, homogeneous, crystalline phase called austenite.

The key elements of an amino acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

Almost all of the amino acids in proteins are ( S ) at the α carbon, with cysteine being ( R ) and glycine non-chiral.

When taken up into the human body from the diet, the 22 standard amino acids either are used to synthesize proteins and other biomolecules or are oxidized to urea and carbon dioxide as a source of energy.

Alkyne trimerization describes the cyclization of three alkynes, in the Dötz reaction an alkyne, carbon monoxide and a chromium carbene complex are the reactants. Diels-Alder reactions of alkynes with pyrone or cyclopentadienone with expulsion of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide also form arene compounds.

Diamond and graphite are two allotropes of carbon: pure forms of the same element that differ in crystalline structure.

For example, the allotropes of carbon include diamond ( where the carbon atoms are bonded together in a tetrahedral lattice arrangement ), graphite ( where the carbon atoms are bonded together in sheets of a hexagonal lattice ), graphene ( single sheets of graphite ), and fullerenes ( where the carbon atoms are bonded together in spherical, tubular, or ellipsoidal formations ).