After 1806 he used the titles: " We, Francis the First, by the grace of God Emperor of Austria ; King of Jerusalem, Hungary, Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Galicia and Lodomeria ; Archduke of Austria ; Duke of Lorraine, Salzburg, Würzburg, Franconia, Styria, Carinthia and Carniola ; Grand Duke of Cracow ; Grand Prince of Transylvania ; Margrave of Moravia ; Duke of Sandomir, Masovia, Lublin, Upper and Lower Silesia, Auschwitz and Zator, Teschen and Friule ; Prince of Berchtesgaden and Mergentheim ; Princely Count of Habsburg, Gorizia and Gradisca and of the Tirol ; and Margrave of Upper and Lower Lusatia and in Istria ", President of the German Confederation.

In Austria-Hungary Southern Slavs were distributed among several entities: Slovenes in the Austrian part ( Carniola, Styria, Carinthia, Gorizia and Gradisca, Trieste, Istria ( also Croats )), Croats and Serbs in the Hungarian part within the autonomous Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia and in the Austrian part within the autonomous Kingdom of Dalmatia, and in Bosnia and Herzegovina, under direct control from Vienna.

Carniola formed part of the Roman province of Pannonia ; the northern part was joined to Noricum, the south-western and south-eastern parts and the city of Aemona to Venice and Istria.

The duchy then comprised a vast territory including the marches of Styria ( marchia Carantana ), Carniola and Istria as well as the March of Verona in the former Kingdom of Italy.

; Archduke of Austria ; Grand Duke of Tuscany and Cracow ; Duke of Lorraine, Salzburg, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola and Bukowina ; Grand Prince of Transylvania, Margrave of Moravia ; Duke of Silesia, Modena, Parma, Piacenza, Guastalla, Auschwitz and Zator, Teschen, Friuli, Dubrovnik and Zadar ; Princely Count of Habsburg and Tyrol, of Kyburg, Gorizia and Gradisca ; Prince of Trent and Brixen ; Margrave of Upper and Lower Lusatia and Istria ; Count of Hohenems, Feldkirch, Bregenz, Sonnenburg etc.

The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola (, ) is Johann Weikhard von Valvasor's most important work on history and natural history of his homeland Carniola, a central part of present-day Slovenia and Istria in Croatia.

Rural tourism is important throughout the country, and it is especially developed in the Kras region, parts of Inner Carniola, Lower Carniola and northern Istria, and in the area around Podčetrtek and Kozje in eastern Styria.

The Empire of Austria broke apart at the end of the First World War in 1918, when the Austrian lands established their independence ( Bohemia and Moravia in newly created Czechoslovakia, Galicia in newly created Poland ) or adhesion to other states ( Bukovina to Romania, Carniola and Dalmatia to Yugoslavia ) or were annexed by the victors of war ( South Tyrol, Trieste and Istria by Italy ).

The area initially consisted of seven provinces: Upper Carinthia ( capital Lienz ), Istria ( Trieste ), Carniola ( Ljubljana ), Civil Croatia ( Karlovac ), Military Croatia ( Senj ), Dalmatia ( Zara ), and the Ragusa and Cattaro province ( Dubrovnik ).

It then belonged to the Imperial March of Istria, which had originally had been under the suzerainty of the newly established Duchy of Carinthia in 976, but separated together with the March of Carniola in 1040.

While most of Istria had gradually been annexed by Venice, Engelbert's descendant Count Albert III of Gorizia in 1374 bequested his Mitterburg estates to the Austrian House of Habsburg, who attached them to their Duchy of Carniola and gave it out in fief to various families, the last of which was the comital House of Montecuccoli from 1766.

The Modruš-Rijeka County shared borders with the Austrian lands Istria, Carniola and Bosnia-Herzegovina and the counties of Zagreb and Lika-Krbava ( both in Croatia-Slavonia ).

* Poppo II of Carniola ( – 1098 ), a Margrave of Carniola and Istria

Inner Austria (, ) was a term used from the late 14th to the early 17th century for the Habsburg hereditary lands south of the Semmering Pass, referring to the duchies of Styria, Carinthia, Carniola and the Windic March, the County of Gorizia ( to Habsburg in 1500 ), the city of Trieste and assorted smaller possessions bordering the area ( Pazin in Istria, Rijeka, Liburnia, Duino ).

As far as can be ascertained, he had no ancestry in earlier Carinthian ducal families, whereas he was a distant descendant of some early Meranian lords of Istria and Carniola.

He struggled with the Republic of Venice to defend his possessions in Istria while he was able to increase his lands in the March of Carniola.

In the eastern Adriatic region, they included all of the Austrian Littoral ( Trieste, Istria and the County of Gorizia and Gradisca ) — except the island of Krk and the municipality of Kastav which were given to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes — some western districts of the Duchy of Carniola ( Idrija, Ajdovščina, Vipava, Postojna, Pivka, and Ilirska Bistrica ), and the Canale Valley of the Duchy of Carinthia ( with the current municipalities of Tarvisio, Pontebba and Malborghetto Valbruna ).

The remains of the Margraviate of Istria south of the Kras Plateau and the Brkini Hills were also administered from Carniola.

Carniola then formed the central part of the territory of the Austrian Kingdom of Illyria, whose capital was also Ljubljana, including the Carniolan and Carinthian duchies as well as the Austrian Littoral with Gorizia and Gradisca, the Margraviate of Istria and the Imperial Free City of Trieste.

Inner Austria in the 18th century: the Duchy of Styria is in green, the Duchy of Carinthia in yellow, the Duchy of Carniola is in pink, and the County of Gorizia is in blue, a and the city of Trieste is in dark blue

Historic map of the Carniolan duchy: Upper ( pink ), Lower ( green ) and Inner ( yellow ) Carniola with adjacent Istrian march ( orange ), Johann Homann, 1714

White Carniola ( Bela krajina ), otherwise part of Lower Carniola, is usually considered a separate region, as is the Central Sava Valley ( Zasavje ), which is otherwise a part of Upper and Lower Carniola and Styria.

* 1269 – King Otakar II of Bohemia inherits Carinthia and part of Carniola, making him the most powerful prince within the Holy Roman Empire.

* King Otakar II of Bohemia inherits Carinthia and part of Carniola, making him the most powerful prince within the Holy Roman Empire ; the empire lacking an emperor during the ongoing great interregnum, Otakar II is one of the most powerful men in Europe.

Herberstein was born in 1486 in Vipava ( German Wippach ) in the Duchy of Carniola, now in Slovenia, then part of the Habsburg Monarchy's state of Inner Austria.

The ancient region of Histria extended over a much wider area, including the whole Kras plateau until the southern edges of the Vipava Valley, the southwestern portions of modern Inner Carniola with Postojna and Ilirska Bistrica, and the modern Italian Province of Trieste, but not the Liburnian coast which was already part of Illyricum.

A state of the Holy Roman Empire in the Austrian Circle and a duchy in the hereditary possession of the Habsburgs, later part of the Austrian Empire and of Austria-Hungary, the region was a crown land from 1849, when it was also subdivided into Upper Carniola, Lower Carniola, and Inner Carniola, until 1918.

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire ( 476 ), Carniola was incorporated into the Kingdom of Italy, and ( 493 ) under Theodoric it formed part of the Ostrogothic kingdom.

Between the upper Sava and the Soča rivers lived the Carni, and towards the end of the sixth century Slavs settled the region called by Latin writers Carnia, or Carniola meaning ' little Carnia ', i. e. part of greater Carnia.

When Charlemagne established the margraviate of Friuli, he added to it a part of Carniola.

Under the Treaty of Vienna, Carniola became part of the Illyrian provinces of France ( 1809 – 1814 ), with Ljubljana as its capital, and Carniola formed a part of the new territory from 1809 to 1813.

Born in Innsbruck, he was the son of Duke Ernest the Iron of the Leopoldinian line of the Habsburg family, the ruler of Inner Austria, i. e. the duchies of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, and of Ernest's wife Cymburgis of Masovia.

The earliest signs of human settlement in present-day Slovenia were found in the Pekel cave in the Loza Woods near Orehek in Inner Carniola, where two stone tools approximately 250, 000 years old were recovered.

Most Slovenes lived in the administrative region known as Inner Austria, forming the majority of the population of the Duchy of Carniola and the County of Gorizia and Gradisca, as well as of Lower Styria and southern Carinthia.

The western parts of the Slovene Lands ( the Slovenian Littoral and western districts of Inner Carniola ) were first occupied by, and then officially annexed to the Kingdom of Italy with the Treaty of Rapallo in 1920.

* Inner Carniola ( Notranjska ) ( I. C.

In 1402, there was another split in the Leopoldian line, when Ernest the Iron took Inner Austria ( Styria, Carinthia and Carniola ) and Frederick IV became ruler of Tyrol and Further Austria.

Carniola was divided into Upper Carniola ( Slovenian name: Gorenjska ), Lower Carniola ( Slovenian: Dolenjska ), and Inner Carniola ( Slovenian: Notranjska ).

Carniola within modern Slovenia: Upper Carniola, Lower Carniola, and Inner Carniola.

* Inner Carniola Regional Park

Historically, it used to be a part of the traditional region of Inner Carniola, but it is now generally regarded as a part of the Slovenian Littoral.

He spent most of his later life in an estate near Planina in Inner Carniola.

The two organization were formed mostly by liberal nationalist youngsters from Trieste, Kras, Inner Carniola, and the Tolmin district.