Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen.

Catalase was first noticed in 1818 when Louis Jacques Thénard, who discovered H < sub > 2 </ sub > O < sub > 2 </ sub > ( hydrogen peroxide ), suggested its breakdown is caused by an unknown substance.

Catalase is usually located in a cellular, bipolar environment organelle called the peroxisome.

Catalase is also universal among plants, and many fungi are also high producers of the enzyme.

Catalase is used in the food industry for removing hydrogen peroxide from milk prior to cheese production.

Catalase is also used in the textile industry, removing hydrogen peroxide from fabrics to make sure the material is peroxide-free.

Catalase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide in many organisms.

Catalase, which is concentrated in peroxisomes located next to mitochondria, reacts with the hydrogen peroxide to catalyze the formation of water and oxygen.

* Catalase test on nutrient agar tests for the production of catalase enzyme, which splits hydrogen peroxide and releases oxygen gas.

* Catalase, an enzyme

Catalase has been shown to interact with the ABL2 and Abl genes.

Catalase can also catalyze the oxidation, by hydrogen peroxide, of various metabolites and toxins, including formaldehyde, formic acid, phenols, acetaldehyde and alcohols.

Catalase and superoxide dismutase ameliorate the damaging effects of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide by converting these compounds into oxygen and water, benign molecules.

Catalase reactions vary among Enterobacteriaceae.

Catalase contributes to ethanol metabolism in the body after ingestion of alcohol, but it only breaks down a small fraction of the alcohol in the body.

USML-2 Experiments included: the Surface Tension Driven Convection Experiment ( STDCE ), the Drop Physics Module, the Drop Dynamics Experiment ; the Science and Technology of Surface-Controlled Phenomena experiment ; the Geophysical Fluid Flow Cell Experiment ; the Crystal Growth Furnace, the Orbital Processing of High Quality Cadmium Zinc Telluride Compound Semiconductors experiment ; the Study of Dopant Segregation Behavior During the Crystal Growth of Gallium Arsenide ( GaAs ) in Microgravity experiment ; the Crystal Growth of Selected II-VI Semiconducting Alloys by Directional Solidification experiment ; the Vapor Transport Crystal Growth of Mercury Cadmium Tellurida in Microgravity experiment ; the Zeolite Crystal Growth Furnace ( ZCG ), the Interface Configuration Experiment ( ICE ), the Oscillatory Thermocapillary Flow Experiment ; the Fiber Supported Droplet Combustion Experiment ; the Particle Dispersion Experiment ; the Single-Locker Protein Crystal Growth experiment ; ( including the Protein Crystallization Apparatus for Microgravity ( PCAM ) and the Diffusion-controlled Crystallization Apparatus for Microgravity ( DCAM )); the Crystal Growth by Liquid-Liquid Diffusion, the Commercial Protein Crystal Growth experiment ; the Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility, Crystallization of Apocrystacyanin C experiment ; Crystal Structure Analysis of the Bacteriophage Lambda Lysozyme, Crystallization of RNA Molecules Under Microgravity Conditions experiment ; Crystallization of the Protein Grb2 and Triclinic Lysozyme experiment ; Microgravity Crystallization of Thermophilic Aspartyl-tRNA Synthetase and Thaumatin experiment ; Crystallization in a Microgravity Environment of CcdB experiment ; A Multivariate Analysis of X-ray Diffraction Data Obtained from Glutathione S Transferase experiment ; Protein Crystal Growth: Light-driven Charge Translocation Through Bacteriorhodopsin experiment ; Crystallization of Ribosome experiment ; Crystallization of Sulfolobus Solfataricus Alcohol Dehydrogenase experiment ; Crystallization of Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus, Tomato Aspermy Virus, Satellite Panicum Mosaic Virus, Canavalin, Beef Liver Catalase, Concanavalin B experiment ; Crystallization of the Epidermal Growth Factor ( EGF ); Structure of the Membrane-Embedded Protein Complex Photosystem I ; Crystallization of Visual Pigment Rhodopsin ; Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus ; Astroculture Facility and Experiment.

In adult humans, the most common hemoglobin type is a tetramer ( which contains 4 subunit proteins ) called hemoglobin A, consisting of two α and two β subunits non-covalently bound, each made of 141 and 146 amino acid residues, respectively.

This strain is transmitted to the remaining three monomers in the tetramer, where it induces a similar conformational change in the other heme sites such that binding of oxygen to these sites becomes easier.

The histone octamer is formed by a central H3 / H4 tetramer sandwiched between two H2A / H2B dimers.

This gene encodes a preproprotein that is processed to yield both alpha and beta chains, which subsequently combine as a tetramer to produce haptoglobin.

It is typically found as an α2β2 tetramer.

Since ALDH2 is a randomized tetramer, the hetero-mutated genotype is reduced to only 6 % activity compared to wild type, while homo-mutated genotypes have virtually zero enzyme activity.

The lac repressor is a tetramer of identical subunits.

While many phage and viral SSBs function as monomers and eukaryotes encode heterotrimeric RPA ( Replication Protein A ), the best characterized SSB is that from the bacteria E. coli which, like most bacterial SSBs exists as a tetramer.

For example, the ( SSB )< sub > 65 </ sub > binding mode, in which approximately 65 nucleotides of DNA wrap around the SSB tetramer and contact all four of its subunits, is favoured at high salt concentrations in vitro.

Mammalian PFK1 is a 340kd tetramer composed of three types of subunit: muscle ( M ), liver ( L ), and platelet ( P ).

The composition of the PFK1 tetramer differs according to the tissue type it is present in.

In solution, methyllithium in THF at 1M is a tetramer, n-butyllithium in benzene at 3M is a hexamer and in THF at 1M a tetramer.

The cubane-like tetramer A is hardly reactive compared to the dimer B which forms first mixed-dimer species C and ultimately homodimer D. In fact the dimer is more reactive than the tetramer by a factor 3. 2x10 < sup > 8 </ sup >.

The Bohr effect is dependent on cooperative interactions between the hemes of the hemoglobin tetramer.

The RuvB proteins are thought to form hexameric rings on the exit points of the newly formed DNA duplexes, and it is proposed that they ' spool ' the emerging DNA through the RuvA tetramer.

It is thought to bind either on the open, DNA exposed face of a single RuvA tetramer, or to replace one of the two tetramers.

Several authors found that the dominant form of lactoferrin in physiological conditions is a tetramer, with the monomer: tetramer ratio of 1: 4 at the protein concentrations of 10 < sup >− 5 </ sup > M.

As a word of caution, we should be aware that in actual practice no message is purely one of the four types, question, command, statement, or exclamation.

It is of the utmost importance to the people of America and of the world how their governing President `` ends up '' during the four years of his term.

Some accounts are quite lengthy but Florida's is the shortest of all, requiring only four paragraphs.

Although the United States and the U.S.S.R. have been arguing whether there shall be four, five or six top assistants, the most important element in the situation is not the number of deputies but the manner in which these deputies are to do their work.

The Navy, on April 25, announced it is bringing back the carrier Shangri-La from the Mediterranean, increasing to four the number of attack carriers in the vicinity of Cuba.

The company is still broadening its line and is now active on four major fronts.

The Association is governed by a board made up of representatives from each of the four classes.

Moreover, the piece is written in five movements, rather than the conventional four of most quintets, and this gives the opus a serenade or divertimento flavor.

Easy to get to, and becoming more popular every year, it is only fourteen hours from New York by Pan American World Airways jet, four hours from Rome.

The stem is laminated from four pieces.

As everybody is curious to see the battery of glass tubes I have invented, I have had quite a small one made here of four glass tubes ( in Copenhagen I used 30 ) and intend to carry it with me ''.

The real question that follows is -- how are those four years used and what is their value as training??

We found that wherever you can use two teams on a job, five men, not four, is the magic number ''.

For example, when the film is only four minutes old, Neitzbohr refers to a small, Victorian piano stool as `` Wilhelmina '', and we are thereupon subjected to a flashback that informs us that this very piano stool was once used by an epileptic governess whose name, of course, was Doris ( the English equivalent, when passed through middle-Gaelic derivations, of Wilhelmina ).

For example, to move ( as the score requires ) from the lowest F-major register up to a barely audible N minor in four seconds, not skipping, at the same time, even one of the 407 fingerings, seems a feat too absurd to consider, and it is to the flautist's credit that he remained silent throughout the passage.

The purpose of washing is, obviously, to remove soils which are arbitrarily classed in the four major categories given below: 1.

Note that the mass threshold is four times that of 1958 Alpha and that the flux is one fifth as large.

For four of the six ( the anaconda and the amethystine python cannot be included for lack of data ) there is also a correlation between size at maturity and maximum length, the boa constrictor being the smallest and the Indian python the next in size at the former stage.

Other herpetologists have ascertained that in the northern United States the prairie rattlesnake may not give first birth until it is four or even five years old, and that the young may be born every other year, rather than annually.

the former figure is based on a somewhat unusual birth of four by a Central American female ( see chapter on Laying, Brooding, Hatching, and Birth ), the latter on a `` normal '' newly born individual.

Analyses such as these four will simultaneously combat the assumptions that tone is impossible and that it is simple.