Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen.

Catalase is a tetramer of four polypeptide chains, each over 500 amino acids long .< ref name = Boon_a > It contains four porphyrin heme ( iron ) groups that allow the enzyme to react with the hydrogen peroxide.

Catalase was first noticed in 1818 when Louis Jacques Thénard, who discovered H < sub > 2 </ sub > O < sub > 2 </ sub > ( hydrogen peroxide ), suggested its breakdown is caused by an unknown substance.

Catalase is usually located in a cellular, bipolar environment organelle called the peroxisome.

Catalase is also universal among plants, and many fungi are also high producers of the enzyme.

Catalase is used in the food industry for removing hydrogen peroxide from milk prior to cheese production.

Catalase is also used in the textile industry, removing hydrogen peroxide from fabrics to make sure the material is peroxide-free.

Catalase, which is concentrated in peroxisomes located next to mitochondria, reacts with the hydrogen peroxide to catalyze the formation of water and oxygen.

* Catalase test on nutrient agar tests for the production of catalase enzyme, which splits hydrogen peroxide and releases oxygen gas.

* Catalase, an enzyme

Catalase can also catalyze the oxidation, by hydrogen peroxide, of various metabolites and toxins, including formaldehyde, formic acid, phenols, acetaldehyde and alcohols.

Catalase and superoxide dismutase ameliorate the damaging effects of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide by converting these compounds into oxygen and water, benign molecules.

Catalase reactions vary among Enterobacteriaceae.

Catalase contributes to ethanol metabolism in the body after ingestion of alcohol, but it only breaks down a small fraction of the alcohol in the body.

Catalase has been shown to interact with the ABL2 and Abl genes.

USML-2 Experiments included: the Surface Tension Driven Convection Experiment ( STDCE ), the Drop Physics Module, the Drop Dynamics Experiment ; the Science and Technology of Surface-Controlled Phenomena experiment ; the Geophysical Fluid Flow Cell Experiment ; the Crystal Growth Furnace, the Orbital Processing of High Quality Cadmium Zinc Telluride Compound Semiconductors experiment ; the Study of Dopant Segregation Behavior During the Crystal Growth of Gallium Arsenide ( GaAs ) in Microgravity experiment ; the Crystal Growth of Selected II-VI Semiconducting Alloys by Directional Solidification experiment ; the Vapor Transport Crystal Growth of Mercury Cadmium Tellurida in Microgravity experiment ; the Zeolite Crystal Growth Furnace ( ZCG ), the Interface Configuration Experiment ( ICE ), the Oscillatory Thermocapillary Flow Experiment ; the Fiber Supported Droplet Combustion Experiment ; the Particle Dispersion Experiment ; the Single-Locker Protein Crystal Growth experiment ; ( including the Protein Crystallization Apparatus for Microgravity ( PCAM ) and the Diffusion-controlled Crystallization Apparatus for Microgravity ( DCAM )); the Crystal Growth by Liquid-Liquid Diffusion, the Commercial Protein Crystal Growth experiment ; the Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility, Crystallization of Apocrystacyanin C experiment ; Crystal Structure Analysis of the Bacteriophage Lambda Lysozyme, Crystallization of RNA Molecules Under Microgravity Conditions experiment ; Crystallization of the Protein Grb2 and Triclinic Lysozyme experiment ; Microgravity Crystallization of Thermophilic Aspartyl-tRNA Synthetase and Thaumatin experiment ; Crystallization in a Microgravity Environment of CcdB experiment ; A Multivariate Analysis of X-ray Diffraction Data Obtained from Glutathione S Transferase experiment ; Protein Crystal Growth: Light-driven Charge Translocation Through Bacteriorhodopsin experiment ; Crystallization of Ribosome experiment ; Crystallization of Sulfolobus Solfataricus Alcohol Dehydrogenase experiment ; Crystallization of Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus, Tomato Aspermy Virus, Satellite Panicum Mosaic Virus, Canavalin, Beef Liver Catalase, Concanavalin B experiment ; Crystallization of the Epidermal Growth Factor ( EGF ); Structure of the Membrane-Embedded Protein Complex Photosystem I ; Crystallization of Visual Pigment Rhodopsin ; Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus ; Astroculture Facility and Experiment.

This de-iodinating enzyme is effective against mono- and di-iodotyrosine, but does not de-iodinate thyroxine or tri-iodothyronine.

The inhibition of the enzyme by very low concentrations of lanthanum ion is probably the strongest known biological effect of rare earth salts.

* in genetics, ADA is the abbreviation of Adenosine deaminase enzyme

For example, NDM-1 is a newly identified enzyme conveying bacterial resistance to a broad range of beta-lactam antibacterials.

An abzyme ( from antibody and enzyme ), also called catmab ( from catalytic monoclonal antibody ), is a monoclonal antibody with catalytic activity.

A new and unique type of enzyme is produced.

Ampicillin acts as a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme transpeptidase, which is needed by bacteria to make their cell walls.

The enzyme responsible for degrading ampicillin is called beta-lactamase, in reference to the beta-lactam structure of ampicillin and related drugs.

He originally believed those substances to be precursors of antibodies, just like zymogen is a precursor of an enzyme.

Adenylate cyclase (, also known as adenylyl cyclase, adenyl cyclase or AC ) is an enzyme with key regulatory roles in nearly all cells.

It is the most polyphetic known enzyme: six distinct classes have been described, all catalyzing the same reaction but representing unrelated gene families with no known sequence or structural homology.

These are the smallest of the AC enzyme classes ; the AC-IV from Yersinia is a dimer of 19 kDa subunits with no known regulatory components.

Albinism ( from Latin albus, " white "; see extended etymology, also called achromia, achromasia, or achromatosis ) is a congenital disorder characterized by the complete or partial absence of pigment in the skin, hair and eyes due to absence or defect of tyrosinase, a copper-containing enzyme involved in the production of melanin.

The relative importance and interactions between these different antioxidants is a very complex question, with the various metabolites and enzyme systems having synergistic and interdependent effects on one another.

Bromine has no essential function in mammals, though it is preferentially used over chloride by one antiparasitic enzyme in the human immune system.

Though this enzyme is the most prolific creator of organic bromides by living organisms, other bromoperoxidases exist in nature that do not use vanadium.

The enzyme itself is not used up in the process, and is free to catalyze the same reaction with a new set of substrates.

This is because of its fibrous husk, which is important not only in the sparging stage of brewing ( in which water is washed over the mashed barley grains to form the wort ) but also as a rich source of amylase, a digestive enzyme that facilitates conversion of starch into sugars.

Several proteins coded for in the tra or trb locus seem to open a channel between the bacteria and it is thought that the traD enzyme, located at the base of the pilus, initiates membrane fusion.

When conjugation is initiated by a signal the relaxase enzyme creates a nick in one of the strands of the conjugative plasmid at the oriT.

In the F-plasmid system the relaxase enzyme is called TraI and the relaxosome consists of TraI, TraY, TraM and the integrated host factor IHF.

An anti-oligosaccharide enzyme is necessary to properly digest these sugar molecules.

Changemaker Central is student-run centralized resource hub for student involvement in social entrepreneurship, civic engagement, service learning and community service that catalyzes student-driven social change.

It is also said that a synthase is a lyase ( a lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking of various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis and oxidation, often forming a new double bond or a new ring structure ) and does not require any energy, whereas a synthetase is a ligase ( a ligase is an enzyme that binds two chemicals or compounds ) and thus requires energy.

The overall reaction that lactase catalyzes is C < sub > 12 </ sub > H < sub > 22 </ sub > O < sub > 11 </ sub > + H < sub > 2 </ sub > O → C < sub > 6 </ sub > H < sub > 12 </ sub > O < sub > 6 </ sub > + C < sub > 6 </ sub > H < sub > 12 </ sub > O < sub > 6 </ sub > + heat.

Ribosomal RNA is a major component of the ribosome, and catalyzes peptide bond formation.

For instance, determination of the structure of the ribosome — an enzyme that catalyzes peptide bond formation — revealed that its active site is composed entirely of RNA.

The ribosome ( from ribonucleic acid and the Greek soma, meaning " body ") is a large complex of RNA and protein which catalyzes protein translation, the formation of proteins from individual amino acids using messenger RNA as a template.

:* C1 Complex-U4 is released, U6 / U2 catalyzes transesterification, that make 5 ' end of introns ligate to the A on intron and form a lariat, U5 binds exon at 3 ' splice site, and the 5 ' site is cleaved, resulting in the formation of the lariat ;

The radical Cl < sup >.</ sup > is long-lived in the upper atmosphere, where it catalyzes the conversion of ozone into O < sub > 2 </ sub >.

Their target, aldose reductase, is an enzyme that is normally present in many other parts of the body, and catalyzes one of the steps in the sorbitol ( polyol ) pathway that is responsible for fructose formation from glucose.

This drug is a reversible inhibitor of the enzyme glucosylceramide synthase, which catalyzes the first step in synthesizing glucose-based glycosphingolipids like GM2 ganglioside.

P450scc catalyzes the first step of steroidogenesis that is cleavage of the side-chain of cholesterol.

TYR encodes tyrosinase, which is not a component of the immune system, but is an enzyme of the melanocyte that catalyzes melanin biosynthesis, and a major autoantigen in generalized vitiligo.

β-galactosidase, also called beta-gal or β-gal, is a hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of β-galactosides into monosaccharides.

SOD is an extremely efficient enzyme ; it catalyzes the neutralization of superoxide nearly as fast as the two can diffuse together spontaneously in solution.

NADH dehydrogenase () ( also referred to as NADH: ubiquinone reductase or Complex I ) is an enzyme located in the inner mitochondrial membrane that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADH to coenzyme Q ( CoQ ).

Vitamin B < sub > 12 </ sub > catalyzes the transfer of methyl (- CH < sub > 3 </ sub >) groups between two molecules, which involves the breaking of C-C bonds, a process that is energetically expensive in organic reactions.

Phenylalanine hydroxylase ( PheOH, alternatively PheH or PAH ) () is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydroxylation of the aromatic side-chain of phenylalanine to generate tyrosine.