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Catullus came from a leading equestrian family of Verona in Cisalpine Gaul, and according to St. Jerome, he was born in the town.
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Catullus and from
It was probably in Rome that Catullus fell deeply in love with the " Lesbia " of his poems, who is usually identified with Clodia Metelli, a sophisticated woman from the aristocratic house of patrician family Claudii Pulchri and sister of the infamous Publius Clodius Pulcher.
There survives no ancient biography of Catullus: his life has to be pieced together from scattered references to him in other ancient authors and from his poems.
All these poems describe the lifestyle of Catullus and his friends, who, despite Catullus's temporary political post in Bithynia, lived their lives withdrawn from politics.
Catullus 51 follows Sappho 31 so closely that some believe the later poem to be, in part, a direct translation of the earlier poem, and 61 and 62 are certainly inspired by and perhaps translated directly from lost works of Sappho.
Catullus, as was common to his era, was greatly influenced by stories from Greek and Roman myth.
* The epistolary novel Ides of March by Thornton Wilder centers on Julius Caesar, but prominently features Catullus, his poetry, his relationship ( and correspondence ) with Clodia, correspondence from his family and a description of his death.
David Campbell has briefly summarized some of the most arresting qualities of Sappho's poetry: Clarity of language and simplicity of thought are everywhere evident in our fragments ; wit and rhetoric, so common in English love-poetry and not quite absent from Catullus ' love poems, are nowhere to be found.
*"< u > quam </ u > Catullus < u > unam </ u >/ plus quam se atque < u > suos </ u > amauit < u > omnes </ u >" ( Catullus 58a, " whom alone Catullus loved more than himself and all his own ": " alone " is separated from " whom ," and " all " is placed away from " his own " and after the verb, possibly to emphasize it )
One passage of the Aetia, the so called Coma Berenices, has been reconstructed from papyrus remains and the celebrated Latin adaptation of Catullus ( Catullus 66 ).
Catullus received a book of bad poems by " the worst poet of all time " as a joke from a friend.
The ' Basia ' are really extended imitations of Catullus ( in particular poems 5 and 7 ) and some poems from the Anthologia Graeca ; Secundus situates his poetry, stylistically as well as thematically, firmly with the Neo-Catullan tradition.
Landor received a visit from his son Arnold in 1842 and in that year wrote a long essay on Catullus for Forster who was editor of " Foreign Quarterly Review " and followed it up with The Idylls of Theocritus.
Many erotic poems have survived from Ancient Greece and Rome, the authors including the Greeks Straton of Sardis, Sappho of Lesbos ( lyrics ); and the Romans Automedon ( The Professional and Demetrius the Fortunate ), Philodemus ( Charito ), Marcus Argentarius, Catullus, Propertius, Tibullus, Ovid, Martial and Juvenal and the anonymous Priapeia.
Besides a number of volumes of short poems of an amorous or congratulatory kind, he translated or paraphrased various pieces from Bion, Moschus, Theocritus, Anacreon, Catullus and Martial.
This form continued in popularity through the history of the classical world ; the Roman poet Catullus wrote a famous epithalamium, which was translated from or at least inspired by a now-lost work of Sappho.
In Latin, the epithalamium, imitated from Fescennine Greek models, was a base form of literature, when Catullus redeemed it and gave it dignity by modelling his Marriage of Thetis and Peleus on a lost ode of Sappho.
He continued his teaching and retired from the university in 1920, spending the next eight years conducting research on a manuscript of Catullus he discovered in Rome in 1896.
Catullus and family
Modern bust of Catullus at Sirmione, where the poet's family had a villa
In one of his poems Catullus describes his happy return to the family villa at Sirmio on Lake Garda near Verona.
Other than epitaphs, examples of ancient elegy as a poem of mourning include Catullus ' Carmen 101, on his dead brother, and elegies by Propertius on his dead mistress Cynthia and a matriarch of the prominent Cornelian family.
Catullus and Verona
This poem, together with Catullus ' other poems, survived from antiquity in a single manuscript discovered c. 1300 AD in Verona, from which three copies survive.
Catullus and Gaul
A famous poem by the Roman poet Catullus, criticizing a Gaul named Egnatius, reads:
Catullus and according
He wrote satirical poems after the manner of Catullus, whose bitterness he rivaled, according to Quintilian ( Instit.
This same reference cites the " utterly repulsive things they do in Spain, according to Catullus: he'd be using his own urine " to brush his teeth and his red gums.
Catullus and .
* Catullus, LXIV.
Gaius Valerius Catullus ( ca.
Catullus appears to have spent most of his young adult years in Rome.
His friends there included the poets Licinius Calvus, and Helvius Cinna, Quintus Hortensius ( son of the orator and rival of Cicero ) and the biographer Cornelius Nepos, to whom Catullus dedicated a libellus of poems, the relation of which to the extant collection remains a matter of debate.
According to an anecdote preserved by Suetonius, Caesar did not deny that Catullus's lampoons left an indelible stain on his reputation, but when Catullus apologized, he invited the poet for dinner the very same day.
In his poems Catullus describes several stages of their relationship: initial euphoria, doubts, separation, and his wrenching feelings of loss.
Though upon his elder brother's death Catullus lamented that their “ whole house was buried along ” with the deceased, the existence ( and prominence ) of Valerii Catulli is attested in the following centuries.
Wiseman argues that after the brother's death Catullus could have married, and that, in this case, the later Valerii Catulli may have been his descendants.
After his rediscovery in the late Middle Ages, Catullus again found admirers.
Indeed, Catullus was never considered one of the canonical school authors, although his body of work is on the reading lists for American Ph. D. programs in the classics, and is still taught at secondary school level in the United Kingdom.
There is no scholarly consensus on whether Catullus himself arranged the order of the poems.
* condolences: some poems of Catullus are solemn in nature.
Above all other qualities, Catullus seems to have valued venustas, or charm, in his acquaintances, a theme which he explores in a number of his poems.
But it is not the traditional notions Catullus rejects, but rather their particular application to the vita activa of politics and war.
So, despite seeming frivolity of his lifestyle, Catullus measured himself and his friends by quite ambitious standards.
Catullus and Callimachus did not describe the feats of ancient heroes and gods ( except perhaps in re-evaluating and predominantly artistic circumstances, e. g. poems 63 and 64 ), focusing instead on small-scale personal themes.
Catullus and was
Catullus described his work as expolitum, or polished, to show that the language he used was very carefully and artistically composed.
Catullus was also an admirer of Sappho, a female poet of the 7th century BC, and is the source for much of what we know or infer about her.
Catullus ' love poem " Vivamus mea Lesbia atque amemus " in the translation by Ben Jonson was set to music ( lute accompanied song ) by Alfonso Ferrabosco the younger.
Later Republican writers, such as Lucretius, Catullus and even Cicero, wrote their own compositions in the meter and it was at this time that many of the principles of Latin hexameter were firmly established, ones that would govern later writers such as Virgil, Ovid, Lucan, and Juvenal.
Catullus, in his account of the Minotaur's birth, refers to another version in which Athens was " compelled by the cruel plague to pay penalties for the killing of Androgeos.
Odes by Catullus, as well as other poetry of Catullus, was particularly inspired by Sappho.
One of Sappho's poems ( fragment 31 ) was famously translated by the 1st century BC Roman poet Catullus in his " Ille mi par esse deo videtur " (" He seems to me to be equal to a god ") ( Catullus 51 ).
From Virgil's admiring references to the neoteric writers Pollio and Cinna, it has been inferred that he was, for a time, associated with Catullus ' neoteric circle.
Beckett's only explanation was that he was " fed up with Catullus ".
At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Domitianus and Catullus ( or, less frequently, year 826 Ab urbe condita ).
When no games were being held, the Circus at the time of Catullus ( mid-1st century BC ) was likely " a dusty open space with shops and booths ... a colourful crowded disreputable area " frequented by " prostitutes, jugglers, fortune tellers and low-class performing artists.
Como was the birthplace of many historically notable figures, including the ( somewhat obscure ) poet Caecilius who is mentioned by Catullus in the 1st century BCE, the far more substantial literary figures of Pliny the Elder and the Younger, Pope Innocent XI, the scientist Alessandro Volta, and Cosima Liszt, second wife of Richard Wagner and long-term director of the Bayreuth Festival.
In classical poetry the Tagus was famous for its gold-bearing sands ( Catullus 29. 19, Ovid, Amores, 1. 15. 34, Juvenal, Satires, 3. 55, etc.
Elision was a common device in the works of Catullus.
Simonides was the first to establish the choral dirge as a recognized form of lyric poetry, his aptitude for it being testified, for example, by Quintillian ( see quote in the Introduction ), Horace (" Ceae ... munera neniae "), Catullus (" maestius lacrimis Simonideis ") and Dionysius of Halicarnassus, where he says:
Catullus was influenced by both archaic and Hellenistic Greek verse and belonged to a group of Roman poets called the Neoteroi (" newer poets "), who spurned epic poetry, following the lead of Callimachus, and instead composed brief highly polished poems in various thematic and metrical genres.
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