At the five-vesicle stage, the prosencephalon separates into the diencephalon ( prethalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus, epithalamus, and pretectum ) and the telencephalon ( cerebrum ).

Grey matter is distributed at the surface of the cerebral hemispheres ( cerebral cortex ) and of the cerebellum ( cerebellar cortex ), as well as in the depths of the cerebrum ( thalamus ; hypothalamus ; subthalamus, basal ganglia-putamen, globus pallidus, nucleus accumbens ; septal nuclei ), cerebellar ( deep cerebellar nuclei-dentate nucleus, globose nucleus, emboliform nucleus, fastigial nucleus ), brainstem ( substantia nigra, red nucleus, olivary nuclei, cranial nerve nuclei ) and spinal grey matter ( anterior horn, lateral horn, posterior horn ).

It is made up of four distinct components: the thalamus, the subthalamus, the hypothalamus and the epithalamus.

In terms of anatomy, it is the major part of subthalamus.

The subthalamus is a part of the diencephalon.

During development the subthalamus is continuous with the hypothalamus, but is separated by white matter fibres mainly from the internal capsule.

First the ascending somatic and auditory paths ; second, a series of “ ascending relays from the reticular formation of the lower brain stem through the mesencephalic tegmentum, subthalamus and hypothalamus to the internal capsule .” The latter was of particular interest, as this series of relays did not correspond to any known anatomical pathways for the wakefulness signal transduction and was coined the ascending reticular activating system ( ARAS ).

Diencephalon elaborations include the subthalamus, hypothalamus, thalamus and epithalamus, and its cavity forms the third ventricle.

All pretectal nuclei, except for the OPN, project to nuclei in the thalamus, subthalamus, superior colliculus, reticular formation, pons, and inferior olive.

Post-natally the subthalamus lies beneath the thalamus, hence ' sub ' ( meaning below ) ' thalamus '.

The subthalamus develops efferent ( output ) connections to the striatum ( caudate nucleus and putamen ) in the telencephalon, to the dorsal thalamus ( medial and lateral nuclear groups ) in the diencephalon, and to the red nucleus and substantia nigra in the mesencephalon.

The NOT has efferent projections to the zona incerta of the subthalamus, several nuclei of the pons, medulla, intralaminar nuclei, midbrain, and dorsal and ventral thalamic nuclei.

Other nuclei of the subthalamus are the zona incerta, thalamic reticular nucleus, and the fields of Forel.

Projections to the subthalamus are target towards the lateral geniculate nucleus and pulvinar.

Axons following the anterior route pass laterally in the subthalamus and enter the external medullary lamina.

The thalamic complex is composed of the perithalamus ( or prethalamus, previously also known as ventral thalamus ), the mid-diencephalic organiser ( which forms later the zona limitans intrathalamica ( ZLI ) ) and the thalamus ( dorsal thalamus ).

After neurulation the anlage of the prethalamus and the thalamus is induced within the neural tube.

Fez is expressed in the prethalamus, and functional experiments show that Fez is required for prethalamus formation.

In zebrafish, it was shown that the expression of two Shh genes, shh-a and shh-b ( formerly described as twhh ) mark the MDO territory, and that Shh signaling is sufficient for the molecular differentiation of both the prethalamus and the thalamus but is not required for their maintenance and Shh signaling from the MDO / alar plate is sufficient for the maturation of prethalamic and thalamic territory while ventral Shh signals are dispensable.

Expression of this hairy-like bHLH transcription factor, which represses Neurogenin but is required for Ascl1, is progressively lost from the caudal thalamus but maintained in the prethalamus and in the stripe of rostral thalamic cells.

SHH signaling from the MDO induces a posterior-to-anterior wave of expression the proneural gene Neurogenin1 in the major ( caudal ) part of the thalamus, and Ascl1 ( formerly Mash1 ) in the remaining narrow stripe of rostral thalamic cells immediately adjacent to the MDO, and in the prethalamus.

Derivatives of the diencephalon also include the dorsally-located epithalamus ( essentially the habenula and annexes ) and the perithalamus ( prethalamus formerly described as ventral thalamus ) containing the zona incerta and the " reticulate nucleus " ( not the reticular, term of confusion ).

When more than two figures are separated by subtraction symbols the subtraction must be carried out from the left to right if the result is to be correct.

A randomization of `` ups '' and `` downs '' is more likely than ordered `` ups '' and `` downs '' in position ( 3 ) since the hydrogen atoms are well separated and so the position of one could hardly affect the position of another, and also since ordered `` up '' and `` down '' implies a larger unit cell, for which no evidence exists.

For this step the computer memory is separated into three regions: cells in the W-region are used for storage of the forms in the text-form list ; ;

It was found that the coating is separated from its substrate entirely by cohesive failure.

As was noted earlier, it is important that in valid, objective study of this sort of communication, the interested sitter should be separated from the sensitive.

Now when, so to speak, the cream has been skimmed off, and the items in the successful categories separated out, the sitter can be asked to consider and rate only this concentrated `` cream '', where the sensitive is at her best.

The waves are separated by intervals of 15 minutes to an hour or more ( because of their great length ), and this has often lulled people into thinking after the first great wave has crashed that it is all over.

The stomach is separated from the intestine by the pyloric sphincter.

The Aethiopian Sea, Ethiopic Ocean or Ethiopian Ocean ( Okeanos Aithiopos ), is an old name for what is now called the South Atlantic Ocean, which is separated from the North Atlantic Ocean by a narrow region between Natal, Brazil and Monrovia, Liberia.

Beginning in the west of Antalya province, the south-facing Mediterranean coast of Turkey is separated from the interior by steep ranges, known as the Taurus mountains, that run along the entire length of the coast.

The kitchen is separated from the living area ( called the stube, the area of the home heated by a stove ), and second-floor bedrooms benefit from rising heat.

The theme of exile and separation is embodied in two characters, Rieux and Rambert, both of whom are separated from the women they love.

The theme is also present in the many other nameless citizens who are separated from loved ones in other towns or from those who happened to be out of town when the gates of Oran were closed.

The aspect ratio is expressed as two numbers separated by a colon ( x: y ).

Alexander became separated from his guides and it is assumed that in the dark his horse lost its footing.

No one thing in the world is ever abruptly separated, as by the blow of an axe, from the rest of things.

Alberta is landlocked, and separated by a series of mountain ranges from the nearest outlets to the Pacific Ocean, and by the Canadian Shield from ports on the Lakehead or Hudson Bay.

In this way he discovered the electrochemical series, and the law that the electromotive force ( emf ) of a galvanic cell, consisting of a pair of metal electrodes separated by electrolyte, is the difference between their two electrode potentials ( thus, two identical electrodes and a common electrolyte give zero net emf ).

A deep ditch separated the city from its " suburb ;" its location is today marked by a wide street named " Graben " ( meaning Ditch ).

This is not the case, and both modern adversarial and inquisitorial systems have the powers of the state separated between a prosecutor and the judge and allow the defendant the right to counsel.

He ordained further that some should be called " Abbreviators of the Upper Bar " ( Abbreviatores de Parco Majori ; the name derived from a space in the chancery, surrounded by a grating, in which the officials sat, which is called higher or lower ( major or minor ) according to the proximity of the seats to that of the vice-chancellor ), the others of the Lower Bar ( Abbreviatores de Parco Minori ); that the former should sit upon a slightly raised portion of the chamber, separated from the rest of the hall or chamber by lattice work, assist the Cardinal Vice-Chancellor, subscribe the letters and have the principal part in examining, revising, and expediting the apostolic letters to be issued with the leaden seal ; that the latter, however, should sit among the apostolic writers upon benches in the lower part of the chamber, and their duty was to carry the signed schedules or supplications to the prelates of the upper bar.

While trying to swim across the dangerous Euphrates, Abd al-Rahman is said to have become separated from his brother Yahiya, who began swimming back towards the horsemen, possibly from fear of drowning.

What really separated AMPS from older systems is the " back end " call setup functionality.