Earth ( 1681 ) by Benoît Massou, a statue of the Grande Commande, with allegorical attributes inspired by Cesare Ripa | Cesare Ripa ’ s Iconologia.

Enrolled at the Ginnasio Giulio Cesare in 1929, he made friends with Luigi ‘ Titta ’ Benzi, later a prominent Rimini lawyer ( and the model for young Titta in Amarcord ( 1973 )).

Among his collaborators on the magazine ’ s editorial board were the future director Ettore Scola, Marxist theorist and scriptwriter Cesare Zavattini, and Bernardino Zapponi, a future Fellini screenwriter.

For instance, in Thomas Jefferson ’ s " Commonplace Book ," a quote from Cesare Beccaria reads, " laws that forbid the carrying of arms ... disarm only those who are neither inclined nor determined to commit crimes ...

His father, Prospero Balbo, who belonged to a noble Piedmontese family, held a high position in the Sardinian court, and at the time of Cesare ’ s birth was mayor of the capital.

The writing down of folk and popular music began in mid-sixteenth century: in the poem Fishing and Fishermen ’ s Talk from 1558, Petar Hektorović ingrained Neoplatonic ideals in popular music ; and transcripts of Croatian musical folklore were printed in Venetian anthologies ( Giulio Cesare Barbetta 1569, Marco Facoli 1588 ).

Of particular interest is the room decorated with paintings by Cesare Dell ’ Acqua, portraying events in the life of Maximilian and the history of Miramare.

However, Giovanni ’ s death cleared the path for Cesare to become a layman and gain the honors his brother received from their father, Pope Alexander VI.

After Alexander ’ s death in 1503, Cesare affected the choice of a next Pope.

When Lucrezia ’ s second husband, Alfonso, the Duke of Bisceglie, was no longer important to the Borgias, Cesare strangled him ( or had him strangled ) when he was still recovering from another attempt of assassination on his life.

When Cesare found out about Lucrezia ’ s pregnancy, he was so furious that he had the father of the child murdered.

Although he was never officially a member of the Communist Party, many of Strand ’ s collaborators were either Party members ( James Aldridge ; Cesare Zavattini ) or were prominent socialist writers and activists ( Basil Davidson ).

They looked back to earlier attempts to classify and organise subjects encyclopedically like Cesare Ripa's Iconologia overo Descrittione Dell ’ imagini Universali cavate dall ’ Antichità et da altri luoghi and Anne Claude Philippe de Caylus's Recueil d ' antiquités égyptiennes, étrusques, grècques, romaines et gauloises as guides to understanding works of art, both religious and profane, in a more scientific manner than the popular aesthetic approach of the time.

Additionally Baer suggests that the girl at the left is a representation of Cognitione, because she strikes the same pose as in Cesare Ripa ’ s Iconologia.

During this time period, Petrucci tried to gain the powerful Cesare Borgia ’ s trust by diplomatically procuring French-controlled Piombino for Borgia.

Borgia, who had never trusted Petrucci, learned of the Sienese tyrant ’ s plans and invited him to a meeting at Senigallia in 1502, where Petrucci would have been executed along with Cesare ’ s other enemies.

* Cesare Cuttica, Sir Francis Kynaston: The importance of the ‘ Nation ’ for a 17th-century English royalist, History of European Ideas, Volume 32, Issue 2, June 2006, Pages 139-161.

However, already in 1964 one of Falcone ’ s predecessors, judge Cesare Terranova, unequivocally demonstrated Lima ’ s connections with the La Barberas.

Cesare, who exchanges his cardinal ’ s miter for a warrior ’ s helmet to become commander-in-chief of his father ’ s armies, carries out conquest after conquest to fulfill Alexander ’ s grandiose ambitions.

They put up their own candidate ( Giulio Cesare Sacchetti ) but could not establish enough support for him and agreed to Pamphilj as an acceptable compromise, though he had served as legate to Spain.

This condemnation was subsequently confirmed by Leo II ( a fact disputed by such persons as Cesare Baronio and Bellarmine, but which has since become commonly accepted ) in the form, " and also Honorius, who did not attempt to sanctify this Apostolic Church with the teaching of Apostolic tradition, but by profane treachery permitted its purity to be polluted ".

Orpheus, of Ancient Greece | Classical Greek mythology, depicted by Cesare Gennari with a violin that did not exist before 16th century

Il Risorgimento (" The Resurgence " in English ) was a liberal, nationalist newspaper founded in Turin 15 December 1847 by Count Camillo Benso di Cavour and Cesare Balbo, who was a backbone of the " neo-Guelph " party that saw in future a rejuvenated Italy under a republican government with a papal presidency — ideas with which Cavour did not agree.

There were reports that the Bolognese Cesare Caravaggi had constructed one around 1626 and the Italian professor Niccolò Zucchi, in a later work, wrote that he had experimented with a concave bronze mirror in 1616, but said it did not produce a satisfactory image.

It took however some time before the authorities realized this and ordered Salamone to other duties even though his investigations had taken a completely different direction: Paolo Berlusconi ( Silvio's brother ) and Cesare Previti ( former minister ) were accused of a conspiracy against Di Pietro but the prosecutor who later replaced Salamone asked for their acquittance and so did the court.

Some historians say that Cesare Borgia also murdered his brother Giovanni ; however there is no clear evidence that he actually did.

Malipiero dedicated his next opera, Giulio Cesare, to Mussolini, but this did not help him.

Before 1914, the Kingdom of Italy built and maintained six dreadnought battleships: ( Dante Alighieri as a prototype ; Giulio Cesare, Conte di Cavour and Leonardo da Vinci of the Conte di Cavour class ; and Andrea Doria and Caio Duilio of the Andrea Doria Class ), but they did not participate in major naval actions in World War I.

In the following years, despite a number of noted head coaches such as Edmondo Fabbri, Cesare Maldini and Renzo Ulivieri, Ternana did not manage to return in the top flight, and instead were relegated to Serie C in 1980, despite a prestigious run in the Coppa Italia 1979-80, where Ternana reached the semi-finals, being then eliminated 3 – 1 on aggregate by AS Roma.

but did not find space in Cesare Prandelli's plans as the latter preferred Luca Toni as the main striker, with Pazzini and Bojinov acting as second strikers.

The Socialists who did not align with the other parties organized themselves in two groups: the Italian Socialists ( SI ) of Enrico Boselli, Ottaviano Del Turco, Roberto Villetti, Riccardo Nencini, Cesare Marini and Maria Rosaria Manieri, who decided to be autonomous from the PDS, and the Labour Federation ( FL ) of Valdo Spini, Antonio Ruberti, Giorgio Ruffolo, Giuseppe Pericu, Carlo Carli and Rosario Olivo, who entered in close alliance with it.

The first Italian to reside in America was Pietro Cesare Alberti, a Venetian seaman who, in 1635, settled in what would eventually become New York City.

Having gone to school with Italian novelist Cesare Pavese, Pinelli had closely followed the writer's career and felt that his over-intellectualism had become emotionally sterile, leading to his suicide in a Turin hotel in 1950.

The first modern paradox appeared with Cesare Burali-Forti's 1897 A question on transfinite numbers and would become known as the Burali-Forti paradox.

More likely, Pope Sixtus IV granted Cesare a release from the necessity of proving his birth in a papal bull of 1 October 1480.

Following school in Perugia and Pisa where Cesare studied at La Sapienza University of Rome, along with his father's elevation to Pope, Cesare was made Cardinal at the age of 18.

Machiavelli argued that, had Cesare been able to win the favor of the new Pope, he would have been a very successful ruler.

Cesare then broke out of the Castel Sant ' Angelo and escaped, but the accession of the Borgias ' deadly enemy, Giuliano della Rovere, as Pope Julius II caused his final ruin.

In the 16th century Sixtus V bisected Bramante's Cortile del Belvedere with a cross-wing to house the Apostolic Library in suitable magnificence. The 16th and 17th centuries saw other privately endowed libraries assembled in Rome: the Vallicelliana, formed from the books of Saint Filippo Neri, with other distinguished libraries such as that of Cesare Baronio, the Biblioteca Angelica founded by the Augustinian Angelo Rocca, which was the only truly public library in Counter-Reformation Rome ; the Biblioteca Alessandrina with which Pope Alexander VII endowed the University of Rome ; the Biblioteca Casanatense of the Cardinal Girolamo Casanate ; and finally the Biblioteca Corsiniana founded by the bibliophile Clement XII Corsini and his nephew Cardinal Neri Corsini, still housed in Palazzo Corsini in via della Lungara. The Republic of Venice patronized the foundation of the Biblioteca Marciana, based on the library of Cardinal Basilios Bessarion. In Milan Cardinal Federico Borromeo founded the Biblioteca Ambrosiana.

Moreover, from 1502 to 1503 he witnessed the brutal reality of the state-building methods of Cesare Borgia ( 1475 – 1507 ) and his father Pope Alexander VI, who were then engaged in the process of trying to bring a large part of central Italy under their possession.

Amid the disturbances consequent upon the death of the Borgia Pope Alexander VI ( 1492 – 1503 ), it took the combined pressures of all the ambassadors to induce Cesare Borgia to withdraw from Rome, so that an unpressured conclave might take place.

Though Spain and the Emperor Rudolf II encouraged Alfonso II's illegitimate cousin, Cesare d ' Este, to withstand the Pope, they were deterred from giving him any material aid by Henry IV's threats, and a papal army entered Ferrara almost unopposed.

Pope Alexander died in 1503, and his son, Cesare fell ill at the same time.

In the video game Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood, Pope Julius II orders the arrest of Cesare Borgia for crimes of " murder, betrayal, and incest.

* December 31 – Cesare Borgia ( son of Pope Alexander VI ) occupies Urbino, where he imprisons two potentially treacherous allies, Vitellozzo and Oliveretto ; he executes them the next morning.

* September 13 – Cesare Borgia, illegitimate son of Pope Alexander VI ( approximate date ; d. 1507 )

Ercole I's successor was his son Alfonso I ( 1476 – 1534 ), third husband of Lucrezia Borgia, daughter of Pope Alexander VI, sister to Cesare Borgia and the patron of Ariosto.

Cesare was made commander of the papal armies by his father, Pope Alexander VI, but was also heavily dependent on mercenary armies loyal to the Orsini brothers and the support of the French king.

It is depicted as the official residence of Pope Alexander VI and his children Cesare and Lucrezia Borgia.

In 1500 Cesare Borgia, illegitimate son of Pope Alexander VI, carved for himself an ephemeral Duchy of Romagna, but his lands were reabsorbed into the Papal States after his fall.

He appointed his son, Giovanni, as captain-general of the papal army, his foremost military representative, while establishing his eldest son, Cesare, as a power within the Church by naming him cardinal at the age of 18, and, not coincidentally, placing him in line as a future Pope.

Painting by John Collier " A glass of wine with Caesar Borgia ", from left: Cesare Borgia ( pouring-probably poisoned-wine ), Lucrezia, Pope Alexander and a young man holding an empty glass.

Gioffre Borgia ( 1482-1516 ), son of Pope Alexander VI and younger brother of Cesare Borgia and Lucrezia Borgia, married Sancia ( Sancha ) of Aragon, daughter of Alfonso II of Naples, obtaining as dowry both the Principality of Squillace ( 1494 ) and the Duchy of Alvito ( 1497 ).

Not only was Pope Alexander VI present, but also two of his children, Lucrezia and Cesare.

Many people believe that she was a criminal, but the crimes of her father, Rodrigo Borgia ( Pope Alexander VI ), and some of her other siblings including Cesare Borgia are what gave her a bad name.