In the early Renaissance his doctrine of the soul's mortality was adopted by Pietro Pomponazzi ( against the Thomists and the Averroists ), and by his successor Cesare Cremonini.

Among the most successful of his 37 operas staged during his lifetime were Armida ( 1771 ), La fiera di Venezia ( 1772 ), La scuola de ' gelosi ( 1778 ), Der Rauchfangkehrer ( 1781 ), Les Danaïdes ( 1784 ), which was first presented as a work of Gluck's, La grotta di Trofonio ( 1785 ), Tarare ( 1787 ) ( Tarare was reworked and revised several times as was Les Danaïdes ), Axur, re d ' Ormus ( 1788 ), La cifra ( 1789 ), Palmira, regina di Persia ( 1795 ), Il mondo alla rovescia ( 1795 ), Falstaff ( 1799 ), and Cesare in Farmacusa ( 1800 ).

Cesare Borgia (;, ; 13 September 1475 or April 1476 – 12 March 1507 ), Duke of Valentinois, was an Italian condottiero, nobleman, politician, and cardinal.

Following school in Perugia and Pisa where Cesare studied at La Sapienza University of Rome, along with his father's elevation to Pope, Cesare was made Cardinal at the age of 18.

Giovanni was assassinated in 1497 in mysterious circumstances: with several contemporaries suggesting that Cesare might have been his killer, as Giovanni's disappearance could finally open him a long-awaited military career ; as well as jealousy over Sancha of Aragon, wife of Cesare's younger brother Gioffre, and mistress of both Cesare and Giovanni.

When Cesare eventually took power, he was viewed by the citizens as a great improvement.

Cesare was appointed commander of the papal armies with a number of Italian mercenaries, supported by 300 cavalry and 4, 000 Swiss infantry sent by the King of France.

Although he was an immensely capable general and statesman, Cesare would have trouble maintaining his domain without continued Papal patronage.

The news of his father's death ( 1503 ) arrived when Cesare was planning the conquest of Tuscany.

However, when his father died, and a rival to the Borgia family entered the Papal seat, Cesare was overthrown in a matter of months.

Machiavelli attributes two episodes to Cesare Borgia that were at least partially executed by his father: the method by which the Romagna was pacified, which Machiavelli describes in chapter VII of The Prince, and the assassination of his captains on New Year's Eve of 1503 in Senigallia.

After Cesare, Leonardo was unsuccessful in finding another patron in Italy.

Cesare Borgia had wanted to take over Mantua while Isabella d ' Este was ruling.

Cesare was also father to at least 11 illegitimate children, among them Girolamo Borgia, who married Isabella Contessa di Carpi, and Lucrezia Borgia, who, after Cesare's death, was moved to Ferrara to the court of her aunt, Lucrezia Borgia.

This has been described as a psychiatric redefinition of Cesare Lombroso's theories of the ' born criminal ', conceptualised as a ' moral defect ', though Kraepelin stressed it was not yet possible to recognise them by physical characteristics.

The libretto, a version of Pierre Beaumarchais ' stage play Le Barbier de Séville, was newly written by Cesare Sterbini and not the same as that already used by Giovanni Paisiello in his own Barbiere, an opera which had enjoyed European popularity for more than a quarter of a century.

In the 16th century Sixtus V bisected Bramante's Cortile del Belvedere with a cross-wing to house the Apostolic Library in suitable magnificence. The 16th and 17th centuries saw other privately endowed libraries assembled in Rome: the Vallicelliana, formed from the books of Saint Filippo Neri, with other distinguished libraries such as that of Cesare Baronio, the Biblioteca Angelica founded by the Augustinian Angelo Rocca, which was the only truly public library in Counter-Reformation Rome ; the Biblioteca Alessandrina with which Pope Alexander VII endowed the University of Rome ; the Biblioteca Casanatense of the Cardinal Girolamo Casanate ; and finally the Biblioteca Corsiniana founded by the bibliophile Clement XII Corsini and his nephew Cardinal Neri Corsini, still housed in Palazzo Corsini in via della Lungara. The Republic of Venice patronized the foundation of the Biblioteca Marciana, based on the library of Cardinal Basilios Bessarion. In Milan Cardinal Federico Borromeo founded the Biblioteca Ambrosiana.

Tradition has it that Alfonso of Aragon was an illegitimate son of the King of Naples and that her brother Cesare may have had him murdered after his political value waned.

The generally accepted version is that Lucrezia was informed of this by her brother Cesare, and she warned her husband, who fled Rome.

However, his aptitude for sculpture led him to work for Giulio Cesare Conventi ( 1577 — 1640 ), an artist of modest talents.

Of his late works for the stage only two works gained wide popular esteem during his life, Palmira, regina di Persia ( Palmira, Queen of Persia ) 1795 and Cesare in Farmacusa ( Caesar on Pharmacusa ), both drawing on the heroic and exotic success established with Axur.

At this point Alexander decided to profit from the favourable situation and carve out for Cesare a state of his own in northern Italy.

In 1500 the creation of twelve new cardinals granted Alexander enough money for Cesare to hire the condottieri, Vitellozzo Vitelli, Gian Paolo Baglioni, Giulio and Paolo Orsini, and Oliverotto da Fermo, who resumed his campaign in Romagna.

Cesare called for a reconciliation, but imprisoned his condottieri in Senigallia, a feat described as a " wonderful deceiving " by Paolo Giovio, and had them executed.

Although Cesare Borgia's father gave him the power to set up, Cesare ruled the Romagna with skill and tact for the most part.

Before meeting Cesare, Leonardo had worked at the Milanese court of Ludovico Sforza for many years, until Louis XII of France drove Sforza out of Italy.

Enrolled at the Ginnasio Giulio Cesare in 1929, he made friends with Luigi ‘ Titta ’ Benzi, later a prominent Rimini lawyer ( and the model for young Titta in Amarcord ( 1973 )).

Herbert Hoover as the new President of the United States ; original drawing for an Oscar Cesare political cartoon, March 17, 1929

Cesare Pugni wrote extensively for the harp as well — his ballet Éoline, ou La Dryade included music written for harp to accompany the ballerina's numerous variations and enhance the atmosphere of the ballet's many fantastical scenes.

* La voce ( 1981 ) ( to a text by Cesare Pavese ) for cello and voice

It is widely rumored that Lucrezia's brother Cesare was responsible for Alfonso's death, as he had recently allied himself ( through marriage ) with France against Naples.

Charlie works for his uncle, Giovanni ( Cesare Danova ), the local caporegime, mostly collecting debts.

* 1501 – Ballet of Chestnuts – a banquet held by Cesare Borgia in the Papal Palace where fifty prostitutes or courtesans are in attendance for the entertainment of the guests.

They put up their own candidate ( Giulio Cesare Sacchetti ) but could not establish enough support for him and agreed to Pamphilj as an acceptable compromise, though he had served as legate to Spain.

Della Rovere then succeeded by dexterous diplomacy in tricking the weakened Cesare Borgia into supporting him by offering him money and continued papal backing for Borgia policies in the Romagna, promises which he disregarded upon election.

In the video game Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood, Pope Julius II orders the arrest of Cesare Borgia for crimes of " murder, betrayal, and incest.

In the 2000s ( decade ), requests by Italian Justice for extradition from France involved several leftist activists, including Antonio Negri, Cesare Battisti, and others.

With the arrival of Governor Cesare Maria De Vecchi on 15 December 1923, things began to change for that part of Somaliland.

* Italian natural philosopher Giulio Cesare Vanini publishes a radically heterodox book in France after his English interlude De admirandis naturae reginae deaeque mortalium arcanis, for which he is condemned and forced to flee Paris.

Julius Caesar Scaliger ( or Giulio Cesare della Scala ) ( April 23, 1484 – October 21, 1558 ) was an Italian scholar and physician who spent a major part of his career in France.

During his early career, Corelli sang in a number of rare operas in which he triumphed including performances of Spontini's Agnese di Hohenstaufen, Handel's Giulio Cesare and Hercules, Prokofiev's War and Peace, and the world premiere of Guido Guerrini's Enea.

Having gone to school with Italian novelist Cesare Pavese, Pinelli had closely followed the writer's career and felt that his over-intellectualism had become emotionally sterile, leading to his suicide in a Turin hotel in 1950.

Although this incident cannot be conveniently dove-tailed into known dates of his career, in 1846 a famous romantic ballet about this story titled Catarina was produced in London by the choreographer Jules Perrot and composer Cesare Pugni ).

His career was boosted by the friendship of the Fascist leader Cesare Maria De Vecchi, then national Minister of Education.

Born in Dumfries where his father, who " wanted his boy to play like Cesare Maldini ", ran Matthew's Cafe in Friars Vennel, Matteo started his career at Liverpool F. C., for whom he played between 1992 and 2000 ( with a small Sunderland A. F. C.

However, feeling unfulfilled with acting, Ewa remarried a builder named Cesare Paladino in 1974 and abandoned her acting career to enrol at university and fulfil her childhood ambition of becoming a teacher.