Challenger itself was replaced by the, which first launched in May 1992 and was constructed from structural spares that had been ordered by NASA as part of the construction contracts for Discovery and Atlantis.

** STS-41-B: Space Shuttle Challenger is launched on the 10th space shuttle mission.

Endeavour ( OV-105 ) was built to replace Challenger ( using structural spare parts originally intended for the other orbiters ) and delivered in May 1991 ; it was first launched a year later.

Under that sponsorship the Scots Charles Wyville Thompson and Sir John Murray launched the Challenger expedition ( 1872 – 1876 ).

Oberth returned to the United States to view the launch of 61A, the space shuttle Challenger launched October 30, 1985.

Space Shuttle Challenger was launched on mission STS-51L on January 28, 1986.

Following this mission, McNair was selected for STS-51-L, which launched on January 28, 1986, and was subsequently killed when Challenger disintegrated nine miles above the Atlantic Ocean just 73 seconds after liftoff.

Goddard's Solar Max satellite, launched in 1980, was repaired by astronauts on the Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984.

On STS-51F / Spacelab-2, the crew aboard Challenger launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on July 29, 1985, and landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on August 6, 1985.

Challenger finally launched at 06: 32 UTC ( 02: 32 EDT ) on 30 August 1983, after a final 17-minute delay due to thunderstorms near the launch site.

Challenger launched on 5 October 1984, and conducted the second shuttle landing at Kennedy Space Center on 13 October.

On 5 October 1984, Challenger launched from Kennedy Space Center at 7: 03 am EDT, marking the start of the STS 41-G mission.

The crew for STS-26 is based on the original crew assignment of STS-61-F, which would've launched the Ulysses probe from Challenger in 1986.

It was the third shuttle mission following the Challenger disaster of 1986, and launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 13 March 1989.

McBride was pilot of STS-41-G, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 5, 1984, aboard the Orbiter Challenger.

STS-41G Challenger, launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 5, 1984.

His space flight experience include STS-41-G Challenger ( October 5 – 13, 1984 ) was launched from and returned to land at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida.

* STS-61-A, launched October 30, 1985 and landing November 6, saw the Space Shuttle Challenger perform a West German D-1 Spacelab mission.

Challenger launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on February 3, 1984.

On September 30, 2010, McCandless launched a lawsuit against British singer Dido for unauthorized use of a photo of his 1984 space flight for the album art of her 2008 album Safe Trip Home, which showed McCandless “ free flying ” about 320 feet away from the space shuttle Challenger.

Thagard then flew on STS-51-B, the Spacelab-3 science mission, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on April 29, 1985, aboard the Challenger.

STS-41-B Challenger ( February 3 – 11, 1984 ) was launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, and returned to land there 8 days later.

STS-41C Challenger ( April 6 – 13, 1984 ) was launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, and returned to land at Edwards Air Force Base, California.

STS 41-C Challenger was launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on April 6, 1984.

The Challenger 2 successfully completed its Reliability Growth Trial in 1994.

was a Japanese American astronaut from Kealakekua, Kona, Hawaii, who successfully flew into space with the Space Shuttle Discovery on STS-51-C, before losing his life to the destruction of the Space Shuttle Challenger, where he was serving as Mission Specialist for mission STS-51-L.

In April 1984, Scobee piloted Challenger mission STS-41-C, which successfully deployed one satellite and repaired another.

Although the TDRS was successfully deployed from Challenger, its two-stage booster rocket, the Inertial Upper Stage ( IUS ), tumbled out of control, placing the satellite into a low elliptical orbit.

However this arrangement did not survive a legal challenge from BMW Oracle Racing, who successfully argued that Club Náutico Español de Vela was not a valid Challenger of Record due to non-compliance with the terms of the America's Cup Deed of Gift.

During the 7-day mission the crew successfully deployed the Long Duration Exposure Facility ( LDEF ); retrieved the ailing Solar Maximum Satellite, repaired it on board the orbiting Challenger and replaced it in orbit, using the robot arm called the Remote Manipulator System ( RMS ).

During this mission, the crew successfully deployed the Long Duration Exposure Facility ( LDEF ); retrieved the ailing Solar Maximum Satellite, repaired it on board Challenger, and replaced it in orbit using the robot arm called the Remote Manipulator System ( RMS ).

Challenger landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on 6 August 1985, at 12: 45: 26 pm PDT.

He entered the USAF Manned Spaceflight Engineer program in 1982, and was scheduled to fly on mission STS-71-B in December 1986, but the mission was cancelled after the Challenger Disaster in January 1986.

While similar lifeforms have been known to exist in shallower ocean trenches (> 7, 000 m ) and on the abyssal plain, the lifeforms discovered in the Challenger Deep possibly represent taxa distinct from those in shallower ecosystems.

* The first untethered spacewalk was made by American Bruce McCandless II on February 7, 1984, during Challenger mission STS-41-B, utilizing the Manned Maneuvering Unit.

After the Challenger accident, a study considered additional shielding and eventually rejected it, in part because such a design significantly increased the overall risk of mission failure and only shifted the other risks around ( for example, if a failure on orbit had occurred, additional shielding would have significantly increased the consequences of a ground impact ).

The Space Shuttle Challenger disaster was caused by rubber O-rings that were being used well below their glass transition temperature on an unusually cold Florida morning, and thus could not flex adequately to form proper seals between sections of the two solid-fuel rocket boosters.

In 1986, following the Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster, American Physicist Richard Feynmann, having served on the Rogers Commission estimated that the chance of an unsafe condition for a launch of the Shuttle was very roughly 1 %; more recently the historical per person-flight risk in orbital spaceflight has been calculated to be around 2 % or 4 %.

On December 16, 2006 he was transferred by the highly specialized, ICU equipped, Swiss Air Ambulance Bombardier Challenger Jet http :// www. rega. ch /, reportedly made possible and organized in a bold and daring action by the Swiss banker, Pascal Najadi, who was able to convince the REGA Flight Operations over the phone from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, ( perhaps because he was an active patron of the REGA Swiss Air Ambulance ) to swiftly approve the decision to fly without any payment guarantees and assemble at highest possible speed within 48 hours the necessary flight plan, specialized doctors, logistics and Vietnam airspace ( Northern Sector ) entry clearances for the Jet to take off from Zurich HQ, via Lahore to Hanoi, then to proceed with the critical patient in full ICU care of specialized Swiss Doctors and immediate family on board, via Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky and Edmonton to Boston, Massachusetts, where the plane was met by US Customs ( thanks to the help of Senator John Kerry ).

The Apollo 17 lunar module that landed on the Moon in 1972 was also named Challenger.

In 1983 and 1984, Challenger flew on 85 % of all Space Shuttle missions.

Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis and Endeavour all, until 1998, bore markings consisting of the letters " USA " afore an American flag on the left wing, and the pre-1998 NASA " worm " logo afore the respective orbiter's name on the right wing.

( Enterprise, the test vehicle which was the prototype for Columbia, originally had the same wing markings as Columbia but with the letters " USA " on the right wing spaced closer together ; Enterprises markings were modified to match Challenger in 1983.

In 1984, Discovery became the third operational orbiter following Columbia and Challenger, and made its final touchdown at Kennedy Space Center on March 9, 2011 at 10: 57: 17 CST, having spent a cumulative total of one full year ( 365 days ) in space.

Endeavour was the fifth and final spaceworthy NASA space shuttle to be built, constructed as a replacement for Challenger, which was destroyed 73 seconds after its launch on January 28, 1986.

* June 9 – The Rogers Commission releases its report on the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.

* December 21 – HMS Challenger sails from Portsmouth on the 4-year scientific expedition that lays the foundation for the science of oceanography.

On January 28, 1986, he planned to give his address, but after learning of the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, he postponed it for a week and addressed the nation on the day's events.

The failing rubber o-ring seals that contributed to the cause of the Challenger disaster were thought to have cooled below their critical temperature ; the disaster happened on an unusually cold day.

Challenger was destroyed during ascent due to O-Ring failure on the right solid rocket booster ( SRB ) on January 28, 1986, with the loss of all seven astronauts on board.

Seventeen years after the Challenger accident, Columbia broke up on reentry, killing all seven crew members, on February 1, 2003, and it was not replaced.