He was also the father of Pepin the Short and grandfather of Charlemagne.

Pre-decimalisation, the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland used a mixed duodecimal-vigesimal currency system ( 12 pence = 1 shilling, 20 shillings or 240 pence to the pound sterling or Irish pound ), and Charlemagne established a monetary system that also had a mixed base of twelve and twenty, the remnants of which persist in many places.

Otto's coronation as Emperor made the German kings successors to the Empire of Charlemagne, which through translatio imperii also made them successors to Ancient Rome.

There were also Frenchmen who joined the German SS and served in the Charlemagne Division.

Various saints such as the Celts Samson of Dol and Branwaldr ( Brelade ) were active in the region, although tradition has it that it was Saint Helier from Tongeren in modern-day Belgium who first brought Christianity to the Island in the 6th century, and Charlemagne sent his emissary to the island ( at that time called Angia, also spelt Agna )< ref >

He was also King of the Franks and co-Emperor ( as Louis I ) with his father, Charlemagne, from 813.

Others also suffered: Theodulf of Orléans, in eclipse since the death of Charlemagne, was accused of having supported the rebellion, and was thrown into a monastic prison, where he died soon after – poisoned, it was rumoured.

But when Pope Hadrian I called for help from the powerful king Charlemagne, Desiderius was defeated at Susa and besieged in Pavia, while his son Adelchis had also to open the gates of Verona to Frankish troops.

The Ottonian rulers are also regarded as the first dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire, as successors of the Frankish Carolingian dynasty and Charlemagne, who is commonly viewed as the founder of the Holy Roman Empire.

It is also possible that discussions took place around the marriage of Charlemagne ’ s sister, Gisela to Desiderius ’ son, Adalgis.

There was also a French volunteer division ,( 33rd Franzosiche Division ), " Charlemagne ".

Charlemagne also deported 10, 000 of them to Neustria and gave their now vacant lands to the loyal king of the Abotrites.

Not only did he win battles and dominate Southern England but also he took an active hand in administering the affairs of his kingdom by founding market towns and overseeing the first major issues of gold coins in Britain ; he assumed a role in the administration of the Catholic Church in England ( sponsoring the short-lived archbishopric of Lichfield ), and even negotiated with Charlemagne as an equal.

Louis ( also Ludwig or Lewis ) the German ( 806 – 28 August 876 ), also known as Louis II, was a grandson of Charlemagne and the third son of the succeeding Frankish Emperor Louis the Pious and his first wife, Ermengarde of Hesbaye.

Otto is considered the first Holy Roman Emperor, although Charlemagne is also accounted by some to be the first.

The Council of Frankfurt in 794, called by Charlemagne, was also very explicit in condemning " the persecution of alleged witches and wizards ", calling the belief in witchcraft " superstitious ", and ordering the death penalty for those who presumed to burn witches.

St. Privé also guarded the bridge to the island of Charlemagne ( which had another bastille ).

He is the elder son of Jean Edmond Lucien Giscard d ' Estaing ( 1894 – 1982 ), a civil servant, and his wife, Marthe Clémence Jacqueline Marie ( May ) Bardoux, who was a daughter of senator and academic Achille Octave Marie Jacques Bardoux and a great-granddaughter of minister of state education Agénor Bardoux, also a granddaughter of historian Georges Picot and niece of diplomat François Georges-Picot, and also a great-great-great-granddaughter of King Louis XV of France by one of his mistresses, Catherine Eléonore Bernard ( 1740 – 1769 ) through his great-grandfather Marthe Camille Bachasson, Count of Montalivet, and by whom Giscard d ' Estaing was a multiple descendant of Charlemagne.

His share was based in the centre of the Frankish Kingdom, with his capital at Soissons, and consisted of the Parisian basin, the Massif Central, the Languedoc, Provence, Burgundy, southern Austrasia, Alsace and Alemannia ; the regions were poorly integrated and surrounded by those bequeathed to Charlemagne, and, although Carloman's territories were easier to defend than those of Charlemagne, they were also poorer in income.

However it was, by the end of the year Bertrada and Charlemagne had successfully encircled Carloman: Charlemagne had married Desiderata, the daughter of the Lombard king Desiderius, Carloman's immediate eastern neighbor, and the marriage created an alliance between Charlemagne and the Lombards ; Bertrada had also secured for Charlemagne the friendship of Tassilo, Duke of Bavaria, her husband's nephew ; she had even attempted to secure Papal support for the marriage by arranging for Desiderius to cede to Rome certain territories to which the Papacy laid claim, although Pope Stephen III remained in theory hostile to an alliance between his allies the Franks and his enemies the Lombards, and in reality deeply conflicted between the threat the Lombards posed to him and the chance to dispose of the anti-Lombard Christopher the Primicerius, the dominant figure at the Papal court.

Supporting this theory they note that both Charlemagne and Louis the Pious sent their sons to be raised in the respective regna which they were designated to inherit, in order to better enlist the support of the local populus by becoming familiar with them and their customs.

Charlemagne raised the district that was still governed under Frankish rule by a praeses in the 8th century to a county of Raetia, with a reminiscence of its Roman divisions in the name Reciarum comes, " count of the Raetias ", as late as 807 ; it was absorbed into the duchy of Swabia at the beginning of the 10th century.

The youngest of 14 children born to Adhémar Dion and Thérèse Tanguay, both of French-Canadian descent, Celine Dion was raised a Roman Catholic in a poverty-stricken, but, by her own account, happy home in Charlemagne, Quebec, Canada.

After the death of Charlemagne in 814, the Frankish influence decreased, and Ljudevit Posavski raised in Pannonia a rebellion ( 819 ).

When the dispute over the ecclesiastical border between Salzburg and the Patriarchate of Aquileia broke out, Charlemagne declared the Drava to be the border.

They said that the popes had found it impossible to recall to their allegiance and to due respect for ecclesiastical discipline the Frankish lords who had possessed themselves of episcopal sees ; that these lords, insensible to censures and anathemas, rude and untaught, recognized no authority but that of force ; and that the popes had, therefore, granted to Carloman, Pepin, and Charlemagne a spiritual authority which they were to exercise only under papal control.

That king does not confine himself to maintaining that, as sovereign, he is sole and independent master of his temporalities ; he haughtily proclaims that, in virtue of the concession made by the pope, with the assent of a general council to Charlemagne and his successors, he has the right to dispose of vacant ecclesiastical benefices.

The compiler seems to have used early annals that had been compiled in southwest Francia, otherwise untraced, which contribute as primarcy sources for the career of Charlemagne and the military, political and ecclesiastical history of his times.

* the small community established in what is now the parish by St Gerou ( also known as Gervold or Geraldius ), an ecclesiastical troubleshooter in the employ of Charlemagne in the 9th century AD ;

He embodied them in four books: one of the ecclesiastical capitularies of Charlemagne, one of the ecclesiastical capitularies of Louis I ( Charlemagne's son ), one of the secular capitularies of Charlemagne, and one of the secular capitularies of Louis, bringing together similar provisions and suppressing duplicates.

Otherwise, it was not until the 9th century, when Charlemagne, in an effort to reform the county court system, began to appoint notaries to accompany itinerant royal commissioners during their assize circuit, which notaries were called royal notaries.

Aethelbald and Offa, the two most powerful kings, achieved high status ; indeed, Offa was considered the overlord of south Britain by Charlemagne.

The Capetians, in a way, held a dual status of King and Prince ; as king they held the Crown of Charlemagne and as Count of Paris they held their personal fiefdom, best known as Île-de-France.

Reinforced in his autonomous position, Husayn became reluctant to yield his new privileged status to the Frankish monarch and refused to surrender the city to Charlemagne, claiming that he had never promised Charlemagne his allegiance.

At the end of the 8th century Charlemagne conquered Pannonia and Dacia, then Istria, Liburnia and Dalmatia, but the main littoral Liburnian and Dalmatian cites, however, remained under Byzantine control, organized to a Dalmatian archonty with Jadera ( Zadar ) in status of a provincial metropolis.

Born in Charlemagne, Quebec, Laurin obtained a degree in psychiatry from the Université de Montréal where he came under the influence of the Roman Catholic priest, Lionel Groulx.

At the invitation of Charlemagne, he became a leading scholar and teacher at the Carolingian court, where he remained a figure in the 780s and 790s.

" The most learned man anywhere to be found " according to Einhard's Life of Charlemagne, he is considered among the most important architects of the Carolingian Renaissance.

760 d. 18 February 814 ) was a Frank who served Charlemagne as a diplomat, abbot, poet and semi-son-in-law.

When Charlemagne sent his young son Pepin to Italy as King of the Lombards Angilbert went along as primicerius palatii, a high administrator of the satellite court.

Angilbert, in contrast, spent a great deal rebuilding Saint-Riquier, and when he completed it Charlemagne spent Easter of the year 800 there.

Angilbert's non-sacramental relationship with Bertha, daughter of Charlemagne, was evidently recognized by the court – if she had not been the daughter of the King, historians might refer to her as his concubine.

On the other hand, some historians have speculated that Charlemagne opposed formal marriages for his daughters out of concern for political rivalries from their potential husbands ; none of Charlemagne's daughters were married, despite political offers of arranged marriages.

He accompanied Charlemagne to Rome in 800 and was one of the witnesses to his will in 814.

Angilbert was the Homer of the emperor's literary circle, and was the probable author of an epic, of which the fragment which has been preserved describes the life at the palace and the meeting between Charlemagne and Leo III.

Of the shorter poems, besides the greeting to Pippin on his return from the campaign against the Avars ( 796 ), an epistle to David ( Charlemagne ) incidentally reveals a delightful picture of the poet living with his children in a house surrounded by pleasant gardens near the emperor's palace.

Aachen was a favoured residence of Charlemagne, and later the place of coronation of the Kings of Germany.

No larger settlements, however, have been found to have existed in this remote rural area, located at least 15 km from the nearest road even in Roman times, up to the early medieval period when the place is mentioned as a king's mansion for the first time, not long before Charlemagne became ruler of the Germanic Franks.

In the year of his coronation as King of Franks, 768, Charlemagne came to spend Christmas at Aachen for the first time.

Charlemagne spent most winters between 792 and his death in 814 in Aachen, which became the focus of his court and the political centre of his empire.

In 936, Otto I was crowned king of the kingdom in the collegiate church built by Charlemagne.

While the emperor's palace no longer exists, the church built by Charlemagne is still the main attraction of the city.

In the Carolus Thermen named for Charlemagne.

Aachen Cathedral was erected on the orders of Charlemagne in AD 786 and was on completion the largest cathedral north of the Alps.

Inside you can find five frescoes by the Aachen artist Alfre Rethel which show legendary scenes from the life of Charlemagne, as well as Charlemagne's signature.

Since 1950, a committee of Aachen citizens annually awards the Karlspreis ( German for ‘ Charlemagne Award ’) to personalities of outstanding service to the unification of Europe.

The International Charlemagne Prize of Aachen was awarded in the year 2000 to the President of the United States, Bill Clinton, for his special personal contribution to cooperation with the states of Europe, for the preservation of peace, freedom, democracy and human rights in Europe, and for his support of the enlargement of the European Union.

In 2004, Pope John Paul II's efforts to unite Europe were honoured with an ‘ Extraordinary Charlemagne Medal ’, which was awarded for the first time ever.

Most recently in 2011, the Charlemagne Award was conferred on Jean-Claude Trichet, the president of the European Central Bank.

In the 880s, at the same time that he was " cajoling and threatening " his nobles to build and man the burhs, Alfred, perhaps inspired by the example of Charlemagne almost a century before, undertook an equally ambitious effort to revive learning.