Kunshan is culturally significant as the origin of Kunshan diao, the melody which ultimately evolved into Kunqu, one of China's eldest extant theatre arts, which has been listed as one of the World Intangible Culture Heritages by UNESCO.

A 2nd-century Lacquerware | lacquer-painted scene on a basket box showing famous figures from Chinese history who were paragons of filial piety ; Zhang Heng became well-versed at an early age in the Five Classics | Chinese classics and the philosophy of China's earlier sages.

Bottom, L-R: China's Mao Zedong puts forward the Great Leap Forward plan ; For the first time in history, a Human | human being sets his foot on the Moon, in the Moon landing of July 1969.

The PRC depiction of the " Gaoshan " people as one of the China's ethnic groups, pictured here between the Hani people and the Evenks | Ewenki

Not convinced by the Jesuits, John Speed in 1626 follows Jodocus Hondius ' layout: he shows the chain of Silk Road cities visited by de Góis ( Kuqa City | Cuchia, Karasahr | Chialis, Turfan, Kumul, Xinjiang | Camul )-but has it directed not toward China's Shaanxi ( Xiamxii?

File: 1 patti 060123 1Ds 7037. jpg | Master Hao Zhi Hua, the most accomplished female Wushu athlete in China's history.

A double dragon dance at Chongqing, China in September 2002 during a week-long celebration of National Day of the People's Republic of China | China's National Day

File: Anhai-demolition-DSCF9030. JPG | Heavy use of long blocks of local granite, typical for the traditional architecture of China's Quanzhou area, can be seen in this partially demolished house in Anhai Town

Bamboo and rocks by Li Kan ( 1244 – 1320 ); using evidence of fossilized bamboo within China's dry northwestern climate zone, Shen Kuo hypothesized that Climate change | climates naturally shifted geographically over time.

File: Chinese-style minaret of the Great Mosque. jpg | A Chinese pavilion instead of a minaret at the Great Mosque of Xi ' an, one of China's largest mosques

Cantonese opera is one of the major categories in Chinese opera, originating in southern China's Cantonese culture.

Cantonese opera is one of the major categories in Chinese opera, originating in southern China's Cantonese culture.

Bangzi tune is the oldest, most affluent opera tune in China's Four Great Characteristic Melodies.

Glove puppetry () is a type of opera using cloth puppets that originated during the 17th century in Quanzhou or Zhangzhou of China's Fujian province, and historically practiced in the Min Nan-speaking areas such as Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, the Guangdong region of Chaoshan, and other parts of southern China.

He also wrote the music for the closing ceremonies at the Beijing Olympics in 2008, and was commissioned to write the opera about China's First Emperor, to be premiered in 2012.

Recent adaptations have sought to inject new life into one of China's best-loved classical operas, though such efforts have met with opposition from the Kun opera traditionalists.

Since mainland China's economic reforms led by Deng Xiaoping land reforms have also played a key role in the development of the People's Republic of China, with the re-emergence of rich property developers in urban areas ( though as in Hong Kong, land in China is not privately owned but leased from the state, typically on very long terms that allow substantial opportunity for private speculative gain ).

A doubles specialist, Zhao has often been a " utility player " on China's national team, winning international tournaments with a variety of compatriots who typically partner someone else.

Xiangsheng is one of China's foremost and most popular performing arts, and is typically performed in the Tianjin dialect ( or in Standard Chinese with a strong Northern Chinese accent ).

It is typically contrasted with Zhongyuan culture, that of China's northern plains ( Zhongyuan ).

The Four Modernizations were adopted as a means of rejuvenating China's economy in 1978 following the death of Mao Zedong, and were among the defining features of Deng Xiaoping's tenure as head of the party.

The station roof, styled as a canopy, features wooden panels and a large skylight in the middle made from the same materials as China's Watercube Aquatic Centre.

These army groups and generals played different roles in the politics of the Republic of China until the establishment of the People's Republic of China following the Communist Party of China's victory in the Chinese Civil War.

Ruan had by then gained popularity owing to a string of lead roles and in 1933, Ruan was voted second runner-up in a poll held by Star Daily ( 明星日報 ) for China's " movie queen " ( Hu Die emerged the winner and Chen Yumei was first runner-up ).

The Song Dynasty is considered by many to be classical China's high point in science and technology, with innovative scholar-officials such as Su Song ( 1020 – 1101 ) and Shen Kuo ( 1031 – 1095 ).

In 1934, driven from their mountain bases such as the Chinese Soviet Republic, the CPC forces embarked on the Long March across China's most desolate terrain to the northwest, where they established a guerrilla base at Yan ' an in Shaanxi Province.

Morse, who wrote chronicles of China's international relations such as Trade and Relations of the Chinese Empire ( 1910-).

From at least the Yuan dynasty, plays that recounted the subversive tales of China's Robin Hoods to the Ming dynasty novels such as Water Margin, on down to the Qing dynasty novel Dream of the Red Chamber and beyond, there developed a literature in written vernacular Chinese ( 白話 / 白话 ; báihuà ).

It has helped to sponsor popular traveling exhibits, such as an early 2010s " King Tut " exhibit featuring magnificent artifacts from the tomb of the young Egyptian Pharaoh ; " The Cultural Treasures of Afghanistan " which opened in May 2008 and traveled to other cities for 18 months ; and an exhibition of China's Terracotta Warriors in its Washington headquarters in 2009 – 10.

By 1964 such machines had been installed in most of China's major cities.

Some economic experts have argued that the development gap between China and other emerging economies such as Brazil, Argentina and India can be attributed to a large extent to China's early focus on ambitious infrastructure projects, notably mass transport and transit related projects.

Palaces in East Asia, such as the imperial palaces of Korea, Thailand, Vietnam, Japan, largebrick and wooden structures in Philippines and China's Forbidden City, consist of many low pavilions surrounded by vast, walled gardens, in contrast to the single building palaces of Medieval Western Europe.

The earliest proto-birds such as China's Protarchaeopteryx, discovered in the early 1990s, had well-developed feathers but no sign of the top / bottom asymmetry that gives wings lift.

Two of China's most famous poets, Li Bai and Du Fu, belonged to this age, as did many famous painters such as Han Gan, Zhang Xuan, and Zhou Fang.

Japanese monks also visited China ; such was the case with Ennin ( 794 – 864 ), who wrote of his travel experiences including travels along China's Grand Canal.

The Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Tan ( d. 110 BCE ) and his son Sima Qian ( 145 – 86 BCE ) established the standard model for all of imperial China's Standard Histories, such as the Book of Han written by Ban Biao ( 3 – 54 CE ), his son Ban Gu ( 32 – 92 CE ), and his daughter Ban Zhao ( 45 – 116 CE ).

Assuming that decision-makers make cost-benefit analyses when deciding to use force, China's doctrine calls for acquiring a nuclear arsenal only large enough to destroy an adversary ’ s " strategic points " in such a way that the expected costs of a first strike outweigh the anticipated benefits.

The official view is that China has now reached an economic and political stage, known as the primary stage of socialism, in which China faces new and different problems completely unforeseen by Mao, and as such the solutions that Mao advocated are no longer relevant to China's current conditions.

The government sponsored massive shipbuilding and harbor improvement projects, and the construction of beacons and seaport warehouses in order to support maritime trade abroad and the major international seaports, such as Quanzhou, Guangzhou, and Xiamen, that were sustaining China's commerce.

By the early 17th century, virtually all pirates on China's coast were various Chinese ethnicities such as the Han, though they continued labeled as wokou.

As part of China's Golden Shield Project, several U. S. corporations such as IBM, General Electric, and Honeywell have been working closely with the Chinese government to install millions of surveillance cameras throughout China, along with advanced video analytics and facial recognition software, which will identify and track individuals everywhere they go.

However, this seems to take on a different light in considering the somewhat paradoxical situation that after the Song Dynasty, China's ruling dynasties were often of Inner Asia ethnicities, such as Qidan, Ruzhen, and Mongol of the Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties: according to historian John King Fairbank: the " influence on China of the great fact of alien conquest under the Liao-Jin-Yuan dynasties is just beginning to be explored.

The discrediting of Backhouse as a source led to much of China's history being re-written in the West as many of Backhouse's assertions, such as his claim that the Dowager Empress ordered the murder of her son, were proven to be false.

As a hydrologist, Zhu grasped the impact such water savings, multiplied by China's huge population, could have on China's infrastructure .< ref name =" China Online 2000 ">

As such, his rise to the leadership represented China's transition of leadership from establishment communists to younger, more pragmatic technocrats.

Some analysts argue that although Jiang has consolidated power by the time he retired, his ideological stature within the Communist Party remains shaky at best, thus Jiang had to buy time to ensure that his ideological legacy such as the Three Represents, is enshrined in China's socialism doctrine.

One of China's poorest provinces, Guizhou is experiencing serious environmental problems, such as desertification and persistent water shortages.

Besides developing stage, institutional environment and traditional culture, ideology, from such factors as the European and American countries and the former Soviet union's academic thoughts of alternating input also affecting China's economic geography development process.