Then China promptly went Communist, and Mr. Truman had to fight the interminable Korean war for the democratization of Korea before we learned how far our writ did `` reach in Asia ''.

Thus, while it remains possible that the Babylonians and/or the Pythagoreans may perhaps have had the magic square of three before the Chinese did, more definite evidence will have to turn up from the Middle East or the Classical World before China can lose her claim to the earliest known magic square by more than a thousand years.

Pig iron, a very hard but brittle alloy of iron and carbon, was being produced in China as early as 1200 BC, but did not arrive in Europe until the Middle Ages.

The Soviets boycotted UN Security Council meetings while protesting the Council's failure to seat the People's Republic of China and, thus, did not veto the Council's approval of UN action to oppose the North Korean invasion.

Before that, it had been the capital of the Jin, who did not rule all of China.

Despite the name " Chinese checkers ", the game is not a variation of checkers, nor did it originate in China or any part of Asia.

A new concept, popularized by John Fairbank was the notion of " change within tradition " which argued that although China did change in the pre-modern period but that this change existed within certain cultural traditions.

For example, one begins to answer the question " Why did China not develop modern science and capitalism?

" by asking the question " Why are we assuming that what China did develop was not modern science and capitalism?

For example, for a long period it was assumed that Imperial China had no system of civil law because the law codes did not have explicit provisions for civil lawsuits.

However, more recent studies which use the records of civil magistrates suggest that China did in fact have a very well developed system of civil law, in which provisions of the criminal code were interpreted to allow civil causes of action.

Beatty did not respond until after surgery on his arm in September 1900 when he wrote, I landed from China with my heart full of rage, and swore I did not care if I ever saw you again, or if I were killed or not.

He also promised not to change the ROC state symbols or declare formal independence as long as the People's Republic of China did not attack Taiwan.

" It did not signify any modification to Fiji's adherence to the One China policy, he had explained to the Chinese ambassador.

Instead of trying to approach Christianity through the traditions of the local religion and creating a nativised church as latter fellow Jesuit Matteo Ricci did in China, he was eager for change.

He then took a train to Hangzhou in China, before continuing onto Shanghai ; because of the ongoing Chinese Civil War, the train did not stop throughout the entire journey, something that annoyed the passengers.

The first clear and credible reference to smallpox inoculation in China comes from Wan Quan's ( 1499 – 1582 ) Douzhen xinfa ( 痘疹心法 ) of 1549, which states that some women unexpectedly menstruate during the procedure, yet his text did not give details on techniques of inoculation.

By April 1938, Ribbentrop had ended all German arms shipments to China and had all of the German Army officers serving with the Kuomintang government of Chiang Kai-shek recalled ( with the threat that the families of the officers in China would be sent to concentration camps if the officers did not return to Germany immediately ).

Although it did not sever ties with the People's Republic of China, expressing the intention to continue relations, Beijing suspended ties on 29 November after failed attempts to lobby President Anote Tong to change his mind.

It was obvious to Josef Stalin's strategists that the United States did not have enough nuclear weapons to deal simultaneously with the Berlin blockade and the Communists ' victory in China.

In the late 19th-and early 20th centuries, although some boundary agreements were signed between Great Britain, Afghanistan and Russia over the northern borders of Kashmir, China never accepted these agreements, and the official Chinese position did not change with the communist revolution in 1949.

However, this claim is dubious, considering that gunpowder warfare did not exist in China until the advent of the flamethrower ( Pen Huo Qi ) in the 10th century, while the land mine was not seen in China until the late 13th century.

* 1972 – The Universal Postal Union decides to recognize the People's Republic of China as the only legitimate Chinese representative, effectively expelling the Republic of China administering Taiwan.

Through the support of the Western bloc ( most Western countries continued to recognize the ROC as the sole legitimate government of China ), the Republic of China on Taiwan retained China's seat in the United Nations until 1971.

Chad and Taiwan had relations from 1962 to 1972 and 1997 to 2006 when, for financial and security reasons, Chad announced its intention to recognize China.

* 1978 – U. S. President Jimmy Carter announces that the United States will recognize the People's Republic of China and cut off all relations with Taiwan

Ghana's relations with the People's Republic of China ( PRC ) date back to 1960 when President Nkrumah became one of Africa's first leaders to recognize the country.

Although Burma does not officially recognize the Republic of China, there is much other interaction between the two countries.

India does not recognize Pakistan ’ s ceding lands to China in a 1964 boundary agreement.

However, the Soviet threat of seizing parts of Inner Mongolia induced China to recognize Outer Mongolia's independence, provided that a referendum was held.

Foreign powers came to recognize Yuan's power as well: when Japan came to China with 21 demands, it was Yuan that submitted to them, on 25 May 1915.

As the UN grounds for the effective execution of international law ( such as International Court of Justice ) and UN represents international character for a state after World War II ( such as United Nations General Assembly and United Nations Security Council ), consequently, a majority of the aligned countries during Cold War in the Western world camp decided to terminate official diplomatic relations to ROC and recognize People's Republic of China instead.

and the Holy See officially recognize the Republic of China, as the PRC makes breaking ties with the ROC and recognizing the PRC as the sole legitimate government of China ( including Taiwan ) the prerequisite to establishing diplomatic relations with the PRC.

After the People's Republic of China was founded, the Republic of China continued to represent China in the UPU, until the organization decided on April 13, 1972 to recognize the People's Republic of China as the only legitimate Chinese representative.

* April 13 – The Universal Postal Union decides to recognize the People's Republic of China as the only legitimate Chinese representative, effectively expelling the Republic of China administering Taiwan.

Likewise, the process of character simplification in mainland China since the 1950s has the result that Japanese speakers who have not studied Chinese may not recognize some simplified characters.

:... the American Government deems it to be its duty to notify both the Imperial Japanese Government and the Government of the Chinese Republic that it cannot admit the legality of any situation de facto nor does it intend to recognize any treaty or agreement entered into between those Governments, or agents thereof, which may impair the treaty rights of the United States or its citizens in China, including those that relate to the sovereignty, the independence, or the territorial and administrative integrity of the Republic of China, or to the international policy relative to China, commonly known as the open door policy ...

Stimson had stated that the United States would not recognize any changes made in China that would curtail American treaty rights in the area and that the " open door " must be maintained.

Following the unconditional surrender of Japan to Allied Powers after World War II, Taiwan was relinquished by Japan as a stolen territory from China ( like Manchukuo ) by the San Francisco Peace Treaty in 1951.

By January 1944, Germany had diplomatic relations with only a handful of countries: Argentina, Ireland, Vichy France, the Salo Republic in Italy, Occupied Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Croatia, Bulgaria, Switzerland, the Holy See, Spain, Portugal, Turkey, Thailand, Japan, and the Japanese puppet states of Manchukuo and the Wang Jingwei regime in China.

* China would provide diplomatic recognition of Manchukuo.

* China would allow local government in North China that would facilitate " co-prosperity " between Japan, Manchukuo, and China.

The proposal included American recognition of Manchukuo, the merging of Chiang's government with the Japan-backed Reorganized National Government of China, withdrawal of Japanese troops from China and mutual respect for its independence, and even an agreement that Japanese immigration to the United States shall proceed " on the basis of equality with other nationals and free from discrimination ".

To yield to the American demand and withdraw their troops, he exploded, would wipe out all the fruits of the China War, endanger Manchukuo, and jeopardize the governing of Korea.

They renamed the area Manchukuo, and on 9 March 1932 set up a puppet government, with Pu Yi, the former emperor of China, as its executive head.

In 1931, an increasingly militaristic Japanese Empire, which had long sought influence in China as the first step of what its government saw as the country's right to rule Asia, used the Mukden Incident as a pretext to launch an invasion of Manchuria and establish the puppet state of Manchukuo.

After the Second Sino-Japanese War, the People's Republic of China has refused recognition of the name Mǎnzhōu ( Manchuria ), only using " the Northeast " for the region to avoid acknowledging the Japanese imperial legacy in the area ; the title of Manchuria is still often associated in China with the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo.

Manchukuo was used as a base to invade the rest of China.

In the midst of the Second United Front, the CPC and the KMT were still vying for territorial advantage in " Free China " ( i. e. areas not occupied by the Japanese or ruled by Japanese puppet governments such as Manchukuo and the Reorganized National Government of China ).

In this manner, Japan formally detached Manchukuo from China in the course of the 1930s.

Before World War II, the Japanese colonized Manchukuo and used it as a base from which to invade China.

Emperor Kangde had hoped to escape to Japan to surrender to the Americans, but the Soviets captured him and eventually extradited him to the communist government in China, where the authorities had him imprisoned as a war criminal along with all other captured Manchukuo officials.

The caption says ( Right to left ): " With the cooperation of Japan, China, and Manchukuo, the world can be in peace.

The Japanese military commander appointed Puyi as regent ( reign name Datong ) for the time being and would become Emperor of Manchukuo but that he could not reign using the title of Emperor of China.

In 1951 Dean Rusk, the Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs, branded the People's Republic of China a " Slavic Manchukuo ", implying that it was a puppet state of the Soviet Union just as Manchukuo had been a puppet state of the Empire of Japan.

In 1931, the Empire of Japan created a puppet state in Northeast China called Manchukuo.