The Terracotta Army commissioned by the first Chinese Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi is a collection of about 8000 life-sized ceramic soldiers and horses buried with the emperor.

In its military campaigns, the Japanese used biological warfare on Chinese soldiers and civilians.

Having lost most of China's economic and industrial centers, Chiang withdrew into the hinterlands, stretching the Japanese supply lines and bogging down Japanese soldiers in the vast Chinese interior.

Chinese soldiers fighting under the Mongols appear to have used hand cannon in Manchurian battles during 1288, a date deduced from archaeological findings at battle sites.

Communist Party of China | Communist soldiers during the Battle of Siping, Chinese Civil War, 1946

In August, Chinese soldiers murdered two Japanese marines in Shanghai.

The Japanese army claimed that Chinese soldiers had sabotaged the railway and in apparent retaliation ( acting contrary to the civilian government's orders ) occupied the entire region of Manchuria.

In Northern China a small Turkic village was raided by Chinese soldiers, but one small baby was left behind.

Macao was first settled by Portuguese survivors of the massacres of the Portuguese at Ningbo and at Quanzhou by Chinese government soldiers.

Kim established the Korean People's Army ( KPA ) aligned with the Communists, formed from a cadre of guerrillas and former soldiers who had gained combat experience in battles against the Japanese and later Nationalist Chinese troops.

While his duty did not include combat, he claims to have witnessed acts of war between Chinese and Japanese soldiers.

There is some limited data from woodcuts and textual fragments that Mongol light horse archers and some Chinese soldiers wore a slung baldric over the shoulder, allowing longer blades to be strapped across the back.

Woks may have originated during Chinese military marches, when soldiers began to give their helmets a double role at camp.

* 1132 – 1183: the Chinese navy increases from a mere 3, 000 marine soldiers to 52, 000 marine soldiers stationed in 20 different squadrons.

** Twelve Indian soldiers die in clashes with Red Chinese troops along their small common border.

* The Song Dynasty Chinese military has one million registered soldiers, an increase since the turn of the 11th century when the Song military only had nine hundred thousand soldiers.

* A census of the Chinese city of Hangzhou establishes that some 186, 330 families reside within it, not including visitors and soldiers.

* The number of enlisted soldiers in the Song Dynasty Chinese military reaches well over 1, 250, 000 troops, an increase since 1022 when there were a million soldiers.

Although the battle itself was not of the greatest significance militarily, this was a pivotal moment in history ; it marks the spread of Chinese papermaking into regions west of China as captured Chinese soldiers revealed secrets of Chinese papermaking to the Arabs.

First case of Wuhuan soldiers within the Chinese army joining a rebellion.

Each civilian tile also has a Chinese name ( and common rough translation to English ): The 6-6 is tin ( 天 heaven ), 1-1 is dei ( 地 earth ), 4-4 is yan ( 人 man ), 1-3 is ngo ( 鵝 goose or 和 harmony ), 5-5 is mui ( 梅 plum flower ), 3-3 is cheung ( 長 long ), 2-2 is ban ( 板 board ), 5-6 is fu ( 斧 hatchet ), 4-6 is ping ( 屏 partition ), 1-6 is tsat ( 七 ) ( long leg seven ), and 1-5 is luk ( 六 ) ( big head six ).

The civilian tiles are ranked according to the Chinese cultural significance of the tile names, and must be memorized.

In other words, on the 13th when your troops entered the city, we had nearly all the civilian population gathered in a Zone in which there had been very little destruction by stray shells and no looting by Chinese soldiers even in full retreat ... All 27 Occidentals in the city at that time and our Chinese population were totally surprised by the reign of robbery, raping and killing initiated by your soldiers on the 14th.

Commandeering four civilian Chinese junks along the river, they loaded all their wounded and remaining supplies onto them and pulled them along with ropes from the riverbanks.

In addition, once they arrived at Wufu Line, the Chinese troops discovered that some of the civilian officials were not there to receive them as they had already fled and had taken the keys with them.

In other cases, Chinese troops fleeing the Battle of Shanghai killed and robbed the people of Nanjing in order to obtain civilian clothing so that they could more easily escape the city.

The People's Armed Police ( 人民武装警察, Abbreviation: PAP ), officially Chinese People's Armed Police Force ( officially CAPF, ) is a paramilitary or gendarmerie force primarily responsible for civilian policing and fire rescue duties in the People's Republic of China, as well as provide support to PLA during wartime.

The Chinese suffered greatly in both military and civilian casualties.

Over time, many Chinese banner companies in the provincial garrisons were reclassified as civilian or placed in the Green Standard Army.

Japanese troops captured by the Communists were then used by the Communists in various civilian and military roles, and were especially valued because their level of technical expertise was generally greater than that of most Chinese soldiers.

In addition, with the promotion of the fourth generation of Chinese leaders to lead the civilian party, there was also a corresponding promotion of military leaders.

Almost 70 % of the victims who died in the Pingfang camp were Chinese, including both civilian and military.

Unit 731 and its affiliated units ( Unit 1644, Unit 100 et cetera ) were involved in research, development, and experimental deployment of epidemic-creating biowarfare weapons in assaults against the Chinese populace ( both civilian and military ) throughout World War II.

* Coercive Persuasion: A socio-psychological analysis of the " brainwashing " of American civilian prisoners by the Chinese Communists ( 1961 ), W. W. Norton ( publishers )

The Chinese nationalists resorted to massive civilian guerrilla tactics, which fatigued and frustrated Japanese forces.

On December 13, 1937, the Imperial Japanese Army, following the capture of Nanjing, Japanese soldiers began the Nanjing Massacre ( sometimes called the " Rape of Nanking "), which resulted in a massive number of civilian deaths and the large-scale rape of Chinese women, including infants and elderly.

Following their victory in the Boxer Rebellion, the Eight-Nation Alliance occupied Beijing on 14 August and a Chinese declaration of war which the Guangxu Emperor opposed, but had no power to stop, the Guangxu Emperor fled with Empress Dowager Cixi to Xi ' an, dressed in civilian outfits.

Most of the fifth generation of civilian leadership, born in the postwar years 1945 to 1955, were educated at top Chinese universities.

The report of China even after hostilities began and also criticised the decision to not allow the Indian Air Force to target Chinese transport lines out of fear of Chinese aerial counter-attack on Indian civilian areas.

The Commission for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense ( COSTIND ; Chinese: 国防科学技术工业委员会 ) was a civilian ministry within the State Council of the People's Republic of China, responsible for setting policy for defense procurement.

« In other words, on the 13th when your troops entered the city, we had nearly all the civilian population gathered in a Zone in which there had been very little destruction by stray shells and no looting by Chinese soldiers even in full retreat .... All 27 Occidentals in the city at that time and our Chinese population were totally surprised by the reign of robbery, raping and killing initiated by your soldiers on the 14th.