In the Far East, the British army battled the Japanese in Burma.

During the Nationalist's retreat from Nanjing, the dams around the city were deliberately destroyed by the Nationalist army in order to delay the Japanese advance, killing 500, 000 people in the subsequent 1938 Yellow River flood.

When the Japanese army approached Wuhan in the fall of 1938, Chiang's forces abandoned the city without a fight and withdrew farther inland, to Chongqing.

This fire was deliberately caused by the retreating Nationalist army in order to prevent the city from falling to the Japanese.

In the 1593 Siege of Pyongyang, 40, 000 Ming troops deployed a variety of cannon to bombard an equally large Japanese army.

French military missions were sent to Japan in 1872 – 1880, in 1884 – 1889 and the last one much later in 1918 – 1919 to help modernize the Japanese army.

* 1943 – World War II: Australian and American forces finally defeat the Japanese army in Papua.

In 1934 the Japanese government issued a military specification for the shin guntō ( new army sword ), the first version of which was the Type 94 Katana, and many machine-and hand-crafted swords used in World War II conformed to this and later shin guntō specifications.

File: Japanese army sabre. jpg | kyu guntō army sabre

The Chinese Yunnan provincial army, under the KMT, occupied northern Vietnam after the Japanese surrender in 1945, the VNQDD tagging alone, opposing Ho Chi Minh's communist party.

During the Sino-Japanese War, Mao advocated a strategy of avoiding open confrontations with the Japanese army and concentrating on guerrilla warfare from his base in Yan ' an, while leaving the KMT to take on the brunt of the fighting and suffer tremendous casualties.

Britain and France believed that war could still be avoided, and that the Soviet Union, weakened by the Great Purge, could not be a main military participant, a point that many military sources were at variance with, especially after the sound thrashing administered to the Japanese Kwantung army on the Manchurian frontier.

Being a classically educated Mandarin his blueprint for the Xiang Army was taken from a historical source — the Ming general Qi Jiguang who, because of the weakness of regular Ming troops, had decided to form his own " private " army to repel raiding Japanese pirates in the mid-16th century.

In 1937 when the Second Sino-Japanese war broke out, all three of them got together after a 10 year separation in an effort to unite the KMT and CPC against the Imperial Japanese army.

By June 1598, The Japanese forces fought with desperation, turning back several Chinese offensives in Suncheon and Sacheon as the Ming army prepared for a final assault.

* May 3 – Jinan Incident, an armed conflict between the Japanese Imperial Army allied with Northern Chinese warlords against the Kuomintang's southern army, occurs in Jinan, China.

The Japanese Emperor Temmu ( r. 672 – 686 ) even established his conscripted army on that of the Chinese model, his state ceremonies on the Chinese model, and constructed his palace at Fujiwara on the Chinese model of architecture.

Thousands of Japanese occupied Timor, in February 1942, and the borders of the Dutch and Portuguese were overlooked with Timor island being made a single Japanese army administration zone.

The flood prevented the Japanese army from taking the city of Zhengzhou, but did not stop them from reaching their goal of capturing Wuhan, the temporary capital of China at the time.

In August 1937, the Japanese army invaded Shanghai where they met strong resistance and suffered heavy casualties.

Chiang's strategy was to follow the suggestion of his German advisers to draw the Japanese army deep into China utilizing China's vast territory as a defensive strength.

Those defending the city encountered Chinese troops fleeing from previous defeats such as the Battle of Shanghai, running from the advancing Japanese army.

During the Tsarist times, the Ainu living in Russia were forbidden from identifying themselves as such, since the Imperial Japanese officials had claimed that all the regions inhabited by the Ainu in the past or present, are a part of Japan.

When they arrived, they were confronted with Chinese assertions that the Japanese had invaded unlawfully, while the Japanese claimed they were acting to keep peace in the area.

Japanese infantrymen claimed that several hundred Soviet tanks had been destroyed this way, though Soviet loss records do not support this assessment.

In Four Black Dragons various peasants describe the arrival of the American ships with escalating panic, until finally the nightmarish event does seem to be, as claimed, the end of the world .... Someone in a Tree, is a compact Rashomon-and as fine as anything Mr. Sondheim has written ... The single Act II triumph, Bowler Hat, could well be a V. S. Naipaul tale set to music and illustrated with spare Japanese brushstrokes ... Bowler Hat delivers the point of Pacific Overtures so artfully that the rest of Act II seems superfluous.

It has been suggested that the strongly hierarchical and anti-individualistic " Bugs " in Starship Troopers were meant to represent the Chinese or Japanese, but Heinlein claimed to have written the book in response to " calls for the unilateral ending of nuclear testing by the United States.

It has been claimed that the Japanese characters have deterred people from learning shogi.

In old Japanese legends, it is often claimed that the dead go to a place called yomi ( 黄泉 ), a gloomy underground realm with a river separating the living from the dead mentioned in legend of Izanami and Izanagi.

In Asia, Japan termed nations under its occupation as being part of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, essentially a Japanese hegemony which it claimed was for purposes of liberating colonised peoples.

In some languages, such as Chinese and Japanese, it has been claimed by some that all nouns are effectively mass nouns, requiring a measure word to be quantified.

The rest of Burma was to be under Japanese control, On 10 May 1942, the Thai Phayap Army entered Burma's eastern Shan State, which had been claimed by Siamese kingdoms.

Indeed, it is claimed that in such decorative English " there is often no attempt to try to get it right, nor do the vast majority of the Japanese population ever attempt to read the English design element in question.

He probably read some early Japanese works on Marx, and it has been claimed that he even attended Kawakami Hajime's lectures at Kyoto University.

The event remains a contentious political issue, as various aspects of it have been disputed by some historical revisionists and Japanese nationalists, who have claimed that the massacre has been either exaggerated or wholly fabricated for propaganda purposes.

It was claimed that every Japanese gun used in the battle was provided by Elswick.

Wired co-founder Louis Rossetto claimed in the magazine's first issue that " the Digital Revolution is whipping through our lives like a Bengali typhoon ," yet despite the fact that Kelly was involved in launching the WELL, an early source of public access to the Internet and even earlier non-Internet online experience, Wireds first issue de-emphasized the Internet, and covered interactive games, cell-phone hacking, digital special effects, military simulations, and Japanese otaku.

The matter was officially settled on December 24 when the Japanese government apologized and paid over US $ 2, 000, 000 although it claimed the attack was an accident resulting from mis-identification.

Thomas E. Devine ( who served in a postal Army unit ) wrote Eyewitness: The Amelia Earhart Incident which includes a letter from the daughter of a Japanese police official who claimed her father was responsible for Earhart's execution.

In 1990, the NBC-TV series Unsolved Mysteries broadcast an interview with a Saipanese woman who claimed to have witnessed Earhart and Noonan's execution by Japanese soldiers.

Fujimori then flew to Japan, where he submitted his resignation and claimed Japanese citizenship.

Some Japanese politicians claimed that the Taiwan Strait is an essential sea route for oil shipment from the Middle East via the Malacca Strait to Japan.

" The roles that the two male leads played by Affleck and Hartnett have in the attack sequence are analogous to the real historical deeds of U. S. Army Air Corps Second Lieutenants George Welch and Kenneth M. Taylor, who took to the skies during the Japanese attack and, together, claimed six Japanese aircraft and a few probables.

Along with the Japanese Hinomaru flag, " Kimigayo " has been claimed by those critical of it to be a symbol of Japanese nationalism, imperialism and militarism, with debate over whether " Kimigayo ", as a remnant of the Empire of Japan's imperialist past, is compatible with a contemporary Japanese parliamentary democracy.