These are written in rhyming couplets, and again draw on French models such as Chrétien de Troyes, many of them relating Arthurian material, for example, Parzival by Wolfram von Eschenbach.

Public musings that the divided PCs would be marginalized in a future election between a relatively stable western-based CA under Stephen Harper and the massively popular Paul Martin Liberals ( although Jean Chrétien remained the Liberal leader until November 2003, he had announced he would not run again ), MacKay encouraged talks between high-profile members of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservatives.

* May 26-Jean Chrétien shuffles the Cabinet again, removing Art Eggleton and Don Boudria, who were both embroiled in scandals

It has been proposed that both of these names again derive from a form of " Lothian " and that Chrétien was drawing upon an unknown source that resembled the saint's legend and the Breton lai Desiré.

The media so resented this practice that when Jean Chrétien held a " staircase scrum " soon after assuming office, their reaction was so negative that he promised never to do it again.

These are written in rhyming couplets, and again draw on French models such as Chrétien de Troyes, many of them relating Arthurian material.

Chrétien refers to his object not as " The Grail " but as " a grail " ( un graal ), showing the word was used, in its earliest literary context, as a common noun.

Chrétien de Troyes mentions her in his first romance Erec and Enide, completed around 1170 ; he says one guest at the titular characters ' wedding, a certain Guigomar, Lord of the Isle of Avalon, is a friend of Morgan.

In paying tribute to him, Prime Minister Jean Chrétien called Decore " an extraordinarily gifted leader " and " a man of vision and perseverance ", while Klein said that he " brought great passion and a keen intellect to all he did in public life ".

The great trouvère Chrétien de Troyes claims to have written a Tristan story, though no part of it has ever been found.

In the early romances of Chrétien de Troyes, also, she figures as a healer.

Leopold I ( Leopold Georges Chrétien Frederic ; ; Prince of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, later Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony ; 16 December 1790 – 10 December 1865 ) was from 21 July 1831 the first King of the Belgians, following Belgium's independence from the Netherlands.

During the October Crisis, Chrétien told Trudeau to " act now, explain later ", when Trudeau was hesitant to invoke the War Measures Act.

Ten years later on April 27, 1998, the International Terminal 3 was opened by Canada's then Prime Minister, Jean Chrétien, and former Cuban president, Fidel Castro.

Chrétien would later say on the notwithstanding clause, " Canada probably wouldn't have had any charter without it.

It is also Chrétien who first gives Lancelot the name Lancelot du Lac (“ Lancelot of the Lake ”) which was later picked up by the Anglo-French Lancelot-Grail and then Malory.

Although Lancelot will be later associated with the Grail Quest, Chrétien does not include him at all in his final romance, Le conte du graal.

Despite her relatively low public profile, Aline Chrétien was also recognized as a powerful advisor to her husband ; Maclean's magazine once wrote, " Never mind calling her the power behind the throne — she shares the seat of power ", and columnist Allan Fotheringham later called her the second most powerful political figure in Canada, behind her husband but ahead of any elected Member of Parliament or any staffer in the PMO.

Several trends would also begin in 2004 which signaled the Liberal party's decline ; notably a high turnover of permanent party leaders ( in contrast to their predecessors who usually served over two or more elections ), and its inability to raise campaign funds competitively once Chrétien banned corporate donations, and it would gradually lose support to the Conservatives, and later to the NDP.

Marie's lais were precursors to later works on the subject, and Marie was probably a contemporary of Chrétien de Troyes, another writer of Arthurian tales.

Along with Olympian Charmaine Crooks he co-hosted a tribute to outgoing prime minister Jean Chrétien at the party's 2003 leadership convention and was later appointed to chair a task force on youth renewal after the party's defeat in the 2006 federal election.

Lapierre was a strong proponent of the Meech Lake Accord, while Turner and Martin also expressed support for it, though Trudeau publicly campaigned against it and his protege Chrétien was later revealed to oppose it as well.

Regan served as Parliamentary Secretary to the Leader of the Government in the House of Commons, under Jean Chrétien and later as Minister of Fisheries and Oceans and Regional Minister for Nova Scotia in the newly formed government of Paul Martin, sworn in on December 12, 2003.

Pierre Chretien De Geyter ( also known as Pierre Chrétien Degeyter ) ( 8 October 1848 – 26 September 1932 ) was a Belgian socialist ( who later became a communist ) and a composer, known for writing the music of The Internationale.

He was elected to the Ontario legislature in the provincial election of 1995, defeating Liberal Steve Mahoney ( later a federal cabinet minister under Jean Chrétien ) by about 3, 000 votes in the riding of Mississauga West.

Chrétien later defended these actions, stating: " some people came my way ... and I had to go, so if you're in my way ..." He also blamed the RCMP for allowing Clennett to obtain such close proximity to the Prime Minister, though the RCMP said they saw no breach of security.

Chrétien also demonstrated a casual attitude towards the affair, later joking that he had used the Shawinigan Handshake because he mistook Clennett for John Nunziata, whom Chrétien had dismissed from the Liberal caucus for voting against the 1996 budget.

This sobriquet was later used by other opposition MPs as well ; in a member's statement on February 12, 1997, Chuck Strahl sarcastically nominated Chrétien for a " Parliamentary Oscar " for his " performance " in The Shawinigan Strangler.

Jean Chrétien, who was the attorney general during negotiations of the Charter, later recalled in his memoirs that freedom of conscience was nearly excluded from the Charter.

Jean Chrétien ( later Prime Minister of Canada ) introduced a " White Paper " which advocated the elimination of separate legal status for native people in Canada.

Bob Rae, was leader of the Ontario New Democratic Party, Premier of Ontario and later leader of the Liberal Party of Canada while another son John Rae was a senior advisor to Jean Chrétien and is an executive with Power Corporation.

Plamondon also criticized Jean Chrétien later in the year, when Chrétien wrote in his memoirs that he would not have recognized a narrow sovereigntist victory in the 1995 referendum.

He was also one of the most popular, starring in Chrétien de Troyes ' Yvain, the Knight of the Lion and appearing prominently in many later accounts.

A grail, wondrous but not explicitly " holy ", first appears in Perceval le Gallois, an unfinished romance by Chrétien de Troyes: it is a processional salver used to serve at a feast.

The 12th-century French writer Chrétien de Troyes, who added Lancelot and the Holy Grail to the story, began the genre of Arthurian romance that became a significant strand of medieval literature.

The first Grail romance, Le Conte du Graal, was written around 1180 by Chrétien de Troyes, who came from the same area where the Council of Troyes had officially sanctioned the Templars ' Order.

The Fisher King first appears in Chrétien de Troyes's 12th century French romance Perceval, the Story of the Grail ; he has been dealt a mortal wound in the leg ( Brân's wound was in his foot ) but stays alive in his mystical castle due to the effects of the Grail, waiting to be healed by Percival.

Uitti argues that Yvain is Chrétien ’ s “ most carefully contrived romance … It has a beginning, a middle, and an end: we are in no doubt that Yvain ’ s story is over ”.

Sir Galahad does not feature in any romance by Chrétien de Troyes, or in Robert de Boron's Perceval, or in any of the continuations of Chrétien's story of the mysterious castle of the Fisher King.

Its earliest attestation is in Chrétien de Troyes ' late 12th century verse romance Perceval, li contes del graal, which contains the lines:

Philip may have been the patron of Chrétien de Troyes while he was writing his last romance, Perceval, the Story of the Grail.

In Chrétien de Troyes ' 12th century romance, " Yvain, the Knight of the Lion ", the knightly main character helps a lion that is attacked by a serpent.

The narrative is related to Chrétien de Troyes ' French romance Yvain, the Knight of the Lion.

A magic gwyddbwyll comparable to Gwenddoleu's appears in the Arthurian romance Peredur son of Efrawg ; a number of French versions of the Holy Grail story feature similar chessboards with self-moving pieces, following the Second Continuation of Chrétien de Troyes ' Perceval, the Story of the Grail, though in these only one side moves, while the hero plays the other.

Maleagant debuts in Chrétien de Troyes ' French romance Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart, where he is said to be the son of King Bagdemagus, ruler of the otherworldly land of Gorre.

First mention of a rat trap in the medieval romance Yvain, the Knight of the Lion by Chrétien de Troyes.

For the subject matter Wolfram von Eschenbach largely adapted the Grail romance, Perceval, the Story of the Grail, left incomplete by Chrétien de Troyes.

In his studies of medieval literature Staines has examined the evolution of romance traditions, which resulted in a landmark new translation of the classic tales of Chrétien de Troyes: The Complete Romances of Chrétien de Troyes ( 1990 ).

Medieval illumination from Chrétien de Troyes's romance, Yvain, le Chevalier au Lion

The ultimate sources for this tale might be a lost 12th century Old French romance upon which Le Bel Inconnu was based, and Chrétien de Troyes ' Erec and Enide.

The story of a powerful ( fairy ) woman who takes a lover on condition that he obey a particular prohibition is common in medieval poetry: the French lais of Desiré, Graelant, and Guingamor, and Chrétien de Troyes's romance Yvain, the Knight of the Lion, all share similar plot elements.

Yvain, the Knight with the Lion () is a romance by Chrétien de Troyes.

* in the 1170s, Chrétien de Troyes mentions the forest of Brocéliande in his Arthurian romance, Le Chevalier au lion.

Perceval, the story of the Grail () is the unfinished fifth romance of Chrétien de Troyes.