Chrétien again refers to Morgan as a great healer in his later romance Yvain, the Knight of the Lion, in an episode in which two ladies restore the maddened hero to his senses with a concoction provided by Morgan.

Peredur son of Efrawg is associated with Chrétien de Troyes ' unfinished romance Perceval, the Story of the Grail, but it contains many striking differences from that work, most notably the absence of the French poem's central object, the grail.

In several early French works such as Chrétien de Troyes ' Perceval, the Story of the Grail and the Vulgate Lancelot Proper section, Excalibur is used by Gawain, Arthur's nephew and one of his best knights.

The Grail was considered a bowl or dish when first described by Chrétien de Troyes.

The Grail is first featured in Perceval, le Conte du Graal ( The Story of the Grail ) by Chrétien de Troyes, who claims he was working from a source book given to him by his patron, Count Philip of Flanders.

This may imply that Chrétien intended the Mass wafer to be the significant part of the ritual, and the Grail to be a mere prop.

Though Chrétien ’ s account is the earliest and most influential of all Grail texts, it was in the work of Robert de Boron that the Grail truly became the " Holy Grail " and assumed the form most familiar to modern readers.

* The German Parzival by Wolfram von Eschenbach, which adapted at least the holiness of Robert ’ s Grail into the framework of Chrétien ’ s story.

For example, Joseph Goering of the University of Toronto has identified sources for Grail imagery in 12th century wall paintings from churches in the Catalan Pyrenees ( now mostly removed to the Museu Nacional d ' Art de Catalunya, Barcelona ), which present unique iconic images of the Virgin Mary holding a bowl that radiates tongues of fire, images that predate the first literary account by Chrétien de Troyes.

The 12th-century French writer Chrétien de Troyes, who added Lancelot and the Holy Grail to the story, began the genre of Arthurian romance that became a significant strand of medieval literature.

The first Grail romance, Le Conte du Graal, was written around 1180 by Chrétien de Troyes, who came from the same area where the Council of Troyes had officially sanctioned the Templars ' Order.

It is loosely based on Wolfram von Eschenbach's Parzival, the 13th century epic poem of the Arthurian knight Parzival ( Percival ) and his quest for the Holy Grail, and on Chrétien de Troyes ' Perceval, the Story of the Grail.

The Fisher King first appears in Chrétien de Troyes's 12th century French romance Perceval, the Story of the Grail ; he has been dealt a mortal wound in the leg ( Brân's wound was in his foot ) but stays alive in his mystical castle due to the effects of the Grail, waiting to be healed by Percival.

In Chrétien de Troyes's Perceval, the Story of the Grail, the greater part of the verse focuses on Gawain rather than on the character after whom it is named.

Although Lancelot will be later associated with the Grail Quest, Chrétien does not include him at all in his final romance, Le conte du graal.

Whereas Chrétien treats Lancelot as if his audience were already familiar with the character's background, most of the exploits associated with Lancelot today are first mentioned here ( e. g. Lancelot's parentage, Lancelot and the Grail, Lancelot, Guenivere and the fall of Camelot, etc.

Based on Chrétien de Troyes ' Perceval, le Conte du Graal, it is the first extant work in German to have as its subject the Holy Grail.

Chrétien also has the distinction of being the first writer to mention the Holy Grail ( Perceval ) and the love affair between Queen Guinevere and Lancelot ( Lancelot ), subjects of household recognition even today.

Philip may have been the patron of Chrétien de Troyes while he was writing his last romance, Perceval, the Story of the Grail.

In Chrétien de Troyes ' Perceval, the Story of the Grail, he meets the crippled Fisher King and sees a grail, not yet identified as " holy ", but he fails to ask a question that would have healed the injured king.

* Chrétien de Troyes, Nigel Bryant ( translator ) ( 1996 ) Perceval, the Story of the Grail, D. S. Brewer.

A grail, wondrous but not explicitly " holy ", first appears in Perceval le Gallois, an unfinished romance by Chrétien de Troyes: it is a processional salver used to serve at a feast.

For Chrétien a grail was a wide, somewhat deep dish or bowl, interesting because it contained not a pike, salmon or lamprey, as the audience may have expected for such a container, but a single Mass wafer which provided sustenance for the Fisher King ’ s crippled father.

Its earliest attestation is in Chrétien de Troyes ' late 12th century verse romance Perceval, li contes del graal, which contains the lines:

The succeeding Liberal government of Jean Chrétien campaigned in 1993 on a promise to eliminate the GST ( as per the Red Book ), but ultimately backed away from that promise.

Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien ( born January 11, 1934 ), known commonly as Jean Chrétien () was the 20th Prime Minister of Canada.

Among those who attended were Governor General Adrienne Clarkson, Lieutenant Governor of Quebec Lise Thibault, various politicians ( including then Prime Minister of Canada, Jean Chrétien, and then Premier of Quebec Lucien Bouchard ), Gordie Howe, Jean Béliveau, and then Canadiens team captain Saku Koivu.

Georges Chrétien Léopold Dagobert Cuvier or Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric Cuvier ( sources differ on his name ) ( August 23, 1769 – May 13, 1832 ), known as Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist.

Notable re-occurring figures included Prime Minister Jean Chrétien ( Abbott ), who could barely speak a single sentence of English without committing at least a dozen outlandish pronunciation and grammatical errors, the nasally-voiced Preston Manning ( Ferguson ) who loved to shout " REFOOOOOOORM!

** Chrétien de Troyes-Yvain ou le Chevalier au Lion ( Yvain, the Knight of the Lion ), Lancelot, ou le Chevalier à la charrette ( Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart )

When Jean Chrétien announced his decision to retire ( largely as a result of attempts to oust him by former finance minister Paul Martin ), Manley announced his intention to run for the Liberal leadership.

The rest of cabinet and most of caucus said that they would back Martin ( with Martin's large lead, even most Chrétien supporters grudgingly voted for Martin ), including Rock who dropped out of the race early on.

Public musings that the divided PCs would be marginalized in a future election between a relatively stable western-based CA under Stephen Harper and the massively popular Paul Martin Liberals ( although Jean Chrétien remained the Liberal leader until November 2003, he had announced he would not run again ), MacKay encouraged talks between high-profile members of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservatives.

Aside from some objections from British MPs who protested Canada's past mistreatment of Quebec and Aboriginal peoples ( as recalled with frustration by Jean Chrétien in his memoirs Straight from the Heart ), there was little opposition from the British government to passing the Act.

* Chrétien Urhan ( 1790 – 1845 ), French musician and composer

* Henri Chrétien, ( 1879 – 1956 ), French astronomer and inventor

* Jean Chrétien ( born 1934 ), 20th Prime Minister of Canada ( serving 1993-2003 ), and former leader of the Liberal Party of Canada ( serving 1990-2003 ) also:

** Aline Chrétien ( born 1936 ), his wife

** Michel Chrétien ( born 1968 ), his son

** Raymond Chrétien ( born 1942 ), former Canadian ambassador to the United States, his nephew

* Jean-Guy Chrétien ( born 1946 ), Canadian politician

* Jean-Loup Chrétien ( born 1938 ), French astronaut

* Chrétien ( crater ), a lunar crater

During this period, he served in the cabinet of Prime Minister Jean Chrétien as Minister of National Revenue ( 1993 – 95 ), Minister of Transport ( 1995 – 97 ), and Minister of Fisheries and Oceans ( 1997 – 99 ).