As Count Ciano noted in his diary, the Anti-Comintern Pact was " anti-Communist in theory, but in fact unmistakably anti-British ".

During that meeting, both Ciano and Attolico were horrified to learn from Ribbentrop that Germany planned to attack Poland that summer, and that the Danzig issue was just a pretext for aggression.

When Ciano asked if there was anything Italy could do to broker a Polish-German settlement that would avert a war, he was told by Ribbentrop that " We want war !".

Ciano said that it was absurd to believe that the Reich could attack Poland without triggering a wider war and that now the Italians were left with the choice of either going to war when they needed three more years to rearm or being forced into the humiliation of having to violate the terms of the Pact of Steel by declaring neutrality ( which would make the Italians appear cowardly ).

After the Italo-German summit at the Brenner Pass on 18 March 1940, which was attended by Hitler and Mussolini, Count Ciano wrote in his diary: " Everyone in Rome dislikes Ribbentrop ".

The end result of these talks was the signing in Berlin on 27 September 1940 of the Tripartite Pact by Ribbentrop, Count Ciano, and Japanese Ambassador Saburo Kurusu.

The pact was signed by representatives of Nazi Germany ( Adolf Hitler ), Fascist Italy ( foreign minister Galeazzo Ciano ), and Imperial Japan ( Japanese ambassador to Germany Saburo Kurusu ).

Gian Galeazzo Ciano, 2nd Count of Cortellazzo and Buccari (; 18 March 1903 – 11 January 1944 ) was an Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs and Benito Mussolini's son-in-law.

In early 1944 Count Ciano was shot by firing squad at the behest of his father-in-law, Mussolini, under pressure from Nazi Germany.

Ciano was born in Livorno, Italy, in 1903, to an aristocratic family.

He was the son of Count Costanzo Ciano and his wife Carolina Pini ; his father was an Admiral and World War I hero in the Royal Italian Navy, founding member of the National Fascist Party and re-organizer of the Italian Merchant Marine in the 1920s.

The elder Ciano ( he was nicknamed Ganascia, meaning " The Jaw ") was not above making a private profit from his public office ; and as a side effect his son was soon used to living a high-profile glamorous life, which he continued to maintain until almost the end.

Ciano took part in the Italian invasion of Ethiopia ( 1935 – 36 ) as a bomber squadron commander ( his unit, 15ª squadriglia da bombardamento, was dubbed " La Disperata ") where his future opponent Alessandro Pavolini served as lieutenant.

In 1937, prior to the Italian annexation, Count Gian Galeazzo Ciano was Honorary Citizen of Tirana, Albania.

Ciano was skeptical of Mussolini's war plans and knew that Italy's armed forces were ill-prepared for a major war.

Ciano, having been dismissed from his post by the new government, attempted to find shelter in Madrid, Spain, alongside Edda and their three children ; but their plane was forced to land by the Nazis, with Mussolini's agreement.

Ciano was effectively executed for dissenting against Il Duces will.

At a memorial concert for Italian composer Giuseppe Martucci on May 14, 1931 at the Teatro Comunale in Bologna, he was ordered to begin by playing Giovinezza but he refused even though the fascist foreign minister Galeazzo Ciano was present in the audience.

Due to this disagreement, the pact was signed without Japan and became an agreement between Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany signed on May 22, 1939, by the foreign ministers of each country and witnessed by Count Galeazzo Ciano for Italy and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany.

After the Verona trial sentence, a Fascist firing squad, at a shooting range in Verona on 11 January 1944, executed Ciano and others ( including Emilio De Bono and Giovanni Marinelli ) who had voted for Mussolini's ousting.

* Michael Salter and Lorie Charlesworth – " Ribbentrop and the Ciano Diaries at the Nuremberg Trial " in Journal of International Criminal Justice 2006 4 ( 1 ): 103 – 127

The Secret Supplementary Protocols of the Pact of Steel, which were split into two sections, were not made public at the time of the signing of the Pact by Ribbentrop and Ciano.

Ciano and Roatta were two of the most influential men in Italy at the time.

The two arbiters, Ribbentrop and Ciano, continued their conversations with the delegates at lunch and then retired to a separate room, where they argued over a map.

Varzi won 6 Grand Prix in 1934 driving the Alfa Romeo P3, at Alessandria, Tripoli, Targa Florio, Penya Rhin at Barcelona, Coppa Ciano and Nice.

In 1938, he won two more races for Mercedes including the prestigious Coppa Ciano at Livorno, Italy.

But in 1929 the Coppa Ciano was merged into the main event and at the same time became the name most often used.

* Michael Salter and Lorie Charlesworth-" Ribbentrop and the Ciano Diaries at the Nuremberg Trial " in Journal of International Criminal Justice 2006 4 ( 1 ): 103-127

During the same meeting in East Prussia with Count Ciano, Pierre Laval arrived and promptly agreed to Hitler's and Ribbentrop's demands that he place French police under the command of more radical anti-Semitics and conscript and send hundreds of thousands of French workers to work in Germany's war industry.

His activities as a correspondent brought " expulsion from France by Pierre Laval, from Germany by Joseph Goebbels and from Eritrea by Count Ciano.

As the Italian Foreign Minister, Count Galeazzo Ciano, noted in his diary in late 1937, Ribbentrop had come to hate Britain with all the " fury of a woman scorned ".

Ciano complained in his diary that his arguments " had no effect " ( niente da fare ) on Ribbentrop, who simply refused to believe any information that did not fit in with his preconceived notions.

In December 1942, during a meeting with the Italian Foreign Minister Count Galeazzo Ciano, who brought a message from Mussolini asking for the Germans to go on the defensive in the Soviet Union in order to focus on North Africa, Ribbentrop joined with Hitler in belittling Italy's war effort.

" After 1939, Ciano became increasingly disenchanted with Nazi Germany and the course of World War II, although when the Italian regime embarked on the ill-advised " parallel war " alongside Germany, he went along fairly convinced, even through the terribly-devised Italian invasion of Greece and its subsequent setbacks.

The motion won by an unexpectedly large margin, 19-7, with Ciano voting in favor.

Ciano is remembered for his famous Diaries 1937 – 1943, a daily record of his meetings with Mussolini, Hitler, von Ribbentrop, foreign ambassadors and other political figures that proved embarrassing to the Nazi leadership and the Fascist diehards.

Ciano was executed on the banks of the Adige with many other officers on what is today Via Colombo.

The Italian commander, General Alfredo Guzzoni, lands in Tirana and shortly afterwards the Italian foreign minister, Galeazzo Ciano, also arrives by air and tells an Albanian delegation that the Italian troops have come to ensure order, prosperity, and progress, without interfering with Albania's existence as a nation.

After war was declared, Lady Listowel urged both Count Ciano, Mussolini's son-in-law, and her kinsman, the Hungarian prime minister Paul Telecki, not to side with Hitler.

Later that same day, Bonnet during a phone conversation with Count Ciano made a great point of insisting that the French démarche of 1 September was not ultimantum, urging that the Italians call the peace conference as soon as possible.

Mussolini made this decision after consulting with Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs Galeazzo Ciano and General Mario Roatta.

Nevertheless ( and unlike Ciano ), on July 25, 1943, Buffarini Guidi voted in favor of Benito Mussolini during Dino Grandi's attempt to have the latter deposed and get Italy to sign a peace with the Allies.

It is also a terminus of three secondary railways, linking Reggio Emilia with Ciano d ' Enza, Guastalla and Sassuolo, respectively.

In a conversation held with Fascist Italy's leader Benito Mussolini and Galeazzo Ciano ( the Foreign Minister of Italy ) in June 1941 Hitler stated his opinion on Switzerland quite plainly:

At that point, due to Costanzo Ciano's connections with the fascist regime, it was no longer called Coppa Ciano.

Luigi Jr., however, frequently associated with young dissidents around Galeazzo Ciano, the Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs and Mussolini's son-in-law.

During the Greco-Italian War, Edda Ciano volunteered for service with the Italian Red Cross.