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Cilia of eukaryotic cells can also produce chemotaxis ; in this case it is mainly a Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > dependent induction of the microtubular system of the basal body and the beat of the 9 + 2 microtubules within cilia.
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Cilia and also
President Hugo Chávez and Cilia Flores, president of the Venezuela National Assembly, are also known for their hand in getting family members into government positions.
One of its main protagonists was José ( Zeca ) Afonso ( 1929 – 1987 ) but others also contributed to its development, for example Adriano Correia de Oliveira, José Mário Branco, Luís Cilia, Francisco Fanhais, José Jorge Letria, José Barata Moura and Sérgio Godinho.
Cilia are also responsible for clearing mucus from the lung, and the dysfunction causes increased susceptibility to lung infections.
Cilia also are involved in other biological processes ( such as nitric oxide production ), which are currently the subject of dozens of research efforts.
Some paintings were also commissioned, among which one may mention: the painting of Saint Philip commission by F. Cilia & Co. ( the masons of the Church ) to the painter Lazzaro Pisani, and the painting of Our Lady of the Rosary.
Cilia and is
Cilia pull the food through the mouth in a stream of mucus and through the oesophagus, where it is partially digested by enzymes from a pair of large pharyngeal glands.
The specific name, ciliatus, is Latin: Cilia means " fringe " or " eyelash " and refers to the crest of skin over the animal's eyes that resembles an eyelash.
* Cilia Tyson ( Dawnn Lewis ): Cilia is a cop in Christine who helped Ozzy stop the Pneumoniac and prove that Maximus is a traitor to the city.
* Drixeen ( Miriam Flynn ): She is a dear friend to Cilia and she used to a cold pill.
After Arlen recovers, he leaves, headed towards Alkemia, being the unwitting decoy for Shalya's forces as he decimates the Alkemian garrison, and fights through the guards at the execution grounds where Queen Cilia is being held prisoner in anticipation of her execution.
Cilia and 2
* West, Stephen H. " Cilia, Scale and Bristle: The Consumption of Fish and Shellfish in The Eastern Capital of The Northern Song ," Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies ( Volume 47, Number 2, 1987 ): 595 – 634.
Cilia and basal
* The Importance of Being Cilia Accessible article at Howard Hughes Medical Institute on the importance and extensive use of cilia and basal bodies in many organ systems of human physiology, including for transfer of retinal nutrients.
* The Importance of Being Cilia Accessible article at Howard Hughes Medical Institute on the importance and extensive use of cilia and basal bodies in many organ systems of human physiology.
Cilia and body
Cilia are slender protuberances that project from the much larger cell body.
Cilia and .
Producer Cilia van Dijk was born and raised in Uden on 22 November 1941.
Cilia are usually monokinetids, but vary from order to order.
Cilia are the locomotive structures of the Paramecium.
Cilia in the sac cause the style to rotate, winding in a stream of food-containing mucus from the mouth, and churning the stomach contents.
Cilia and mucus along the inside wall of the nasal cavity trap and remove dust and pathogens from the air as it flows through the nasal cavity.
Cilia are rare, and there are no mucous or underlying mucous glands.
It was after this point that Jerk had a line-up change with Devoy on vocals joined by guitarist Charles Cilia and former Candy Harlots bassist Leeno Dee.
In January 2006, Dee and Cilia reunited with Devoy to form the band Ink.
Cilia Flores, president of the National Assembly, announced that the Mixed Committee for Constitutional Reform had found the idea to be acceptable.
But in World War I this angel was removed and another angel was added in a sitting position, by the artist from Qormi, Ġużeppi Cilia.
eukaryotic and cells
Plant cells are eukaryotic, ie, have a membrane-encased nucleus that carries genetic material.
There are two types of cells: eukaryotic and prokaryotic.
Prokaryotic cells are usually independent, while eukaryotic cells are often found in multicellular organisms.
nuclei ; from Latin or, meaning kernel ) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells.
* Nucleus-holds most of the DNA of eukaryotic cells and controls all cellular activities
Chloroplasts () are organelles found in plant cells and other eukaryotic organisms that conduct photosynthesis.
Typically, eukaryotic cells ( cells with nuclei ) have large linear chromosomes and prokaryotic cells ( cells without defined nuclei ) have smaller circular chromosomes, although there are many exceptions to this rule.
In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion.
Chromatin is only found in eukaryotic cells: prokaryotic cells have a very different organization of their DNA which is referred to as a genophore ( a chromosome without chromatin ).
For example spermatozoa and avian red blood cells have more tightly packed chromatin than most eukaryotic cells and trypanosomatid protazoa do not condense their chromatin into visible chromosomes for mitosis.
Often it is desirable to make prokaryotic cells express eukaryotic genes.
The mechanism which eukaryotic cells employ is quite different from that in bacteria ; however, sensing of chemical gradients is still a crucial step in the process.
In contrast to prokaryotes, the size of eukaryotic cells allows for the possibility of detecting gradients, which results in a dynamic and polarized distribution of receptors.
In eukaryotic unicellular cells, ameboid movement and cilium or the eukaryotic flagellum are the main effectors ( e. g. Amoeba or Tetrahymena ).
Some eukaryotic cells of higher vertebrate origin, such as immune cells also move to where they need to be.
Unlike motility in bacterial chemotaxis, the mechanism by which eukaryotic cells physically move is unclear.
eukaryotic and can
One difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic genes is that eukaryotic genes can contain introns ( intervening DNA sequences ) which are not coding sequences, in contrast with exons, which are DNA coding sequences.
Fungi comprise a eukaryotic kingdom of microbes that are usually saprophytes but can cause diseases in humans.
The differences between the bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes are exploited by pharmaceutical chemists to create antibiotics that can destroy a bacterial infection without harming the cells of the infected person.
By inserting eukaryotic mRNA for insulin production along with reverse transcriptase into bacteria, the mRNA can insert itself into the prokaryote's genome, and large amounts of insulin can be created, sidestepping the need to harvest pig pancreas and other such traditional sources.
This is needed for the typical eukaryotic messenger RNA before it can be used to produce a correct protein through translation.
The integrated DNA form ( provirus ) of the retrovirus is viewed as a particularly specialized form of eukaryotic retrotransposon, which is able to encode RNA intermediates that usually can leave the host cells and infect other cells.
Some such proteins are highly specific in their function, such as protein disulfide isomerase ; others are very general and can be of assistance to most globular proteins-the prokaryotic GroEL / GroES system and the homologous eukaryotic Heat shock proteins Hsp60 / Hsp10 system fall into this category.
Though eukaryotic flagella and motile cilia are ultrastructurally identical, the beating pattern of the two organelles can be different.
Mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA or mDNA ) is the DNA located in organelles called mitochondria, structures within eukaryotic cells that convert the chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ).
Because these transcripts can be potentially translated into different proteins, splicing extends the complexity of eukaryotic gene expression.
RT-PCR can also be very useful in the insertion of eukaryotic genes into prokaryotes.
Prokaryotic ribosomes have a different structure from that of eukaryotic ribosomes, and thus antibiotics can specifically target bacterial infections without any detriment to a eukaryotic host's cells.
Mitochondriate eukaryotic cells live poised between life and death, because mitochondria still retain their repertoire of molecules that can trigger cell suicide.
Yeast expression vectors, such as YACs, YIps ( yeast integrating plasmids ), and YEps ( yeast episomal plasmids ), have an advantage over bacterial artificial chromosomes ( BACs ) in that they can be used to express eukaryotic proteins that require posttranslational modification.
It is like a molecular syringe through which a bacterium ( e. g. certain types of Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Vibrio ) can inject proteins into eukaryotic cells.
In eukaryotic cells the mature mRNA is already spliced, hence the cDNA produced lacks introns and can be readily expressed in a bacterial cell.
Photosynthesis by eukaryotic organisms can be traced back to endosymbiotic events in which non-photosynthetic eukaryotes internalized photosynthetic organisms.
Though cell reproduction that uses mitosis can reproduce eukaryotic cells, eukaryotes bother with the more complicated process of meiosis because sexual reproduction such as meiosis confers a selective advantage.
A further group of eukaryotic cold-adapted organisms are snow algae, which can cause watermelon snow.
Retrotransposons ( also called transposons via RNA intermediates ) are genetic elements that can amplify themselves in a genome ( increase a volume ) and are ubiquitous ( present, found everywhere ) components of the DNA of many eukaryotic organisms.
The archaeal pre-RC is very different from the prokaryotic pre-RC and can serve as a simplified model of the eukaryotic pre-RC.
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