* Circuit Switched Data ( CSD ) and High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data ( HSCSD ) service in cellular systems such as GSM

A public data transmission service may include Circuit Switched Data packet-switched, and leased line data transmission.

* Circuit Emulation Service is an emerging telecommunication technology to transmit legacy TDM or ATM services over Packet Switched Network ( PSN ) such as Ethernet, IP or MPLS networks

High-speed circuit-switched data ( HSCSD ), is an enhancement to Circuit Switched Data ( CSD ), the original data transmission mechanism of the GSM mobile phone system, four to six times faster than GSM, with data rates up to 57. 6 kbit / s.

de: High Speed Circuit Switched Data

fr: High Speed Circuit Switched Data

* 1999: Xnet Internet service introduced ; High Speed Circuit Switched Data ( HSCSD ) technology introduced ; mobile phones running on Connex donated to ambulance service of Oradea ( first Romanian company to do so )

* Circuit Switched Data for mobile phones

The RNC connects to the Circuit Switched Core Network through Media Gateway ( MGW ) and to the SGSN ( Serving GPRS Support Node ) in the Packet Switched Core Network.

The interface between the RNC and the Circuit Switched Core Network ( CS-CN ) is called Iu-CS and between the RNC and the Packet Switched Core Network is called Iu-PS.

* RFC 5086 Structure-Aware Time Division Multiplexed ( TDM ) Circuit Emulation Service over Packet Switched Network ( CESoPSN )

de: Circuit Switched Data

es: Circuit Switched Data

fr: Circuit Switched Data

pl: Circuit Switched Data

ru: Circuit Switched Data

uk: Circuit Switched Data

* PBX ( Private and Circuit Switched )

* Hosted / Virtual PBX ( Hosted and Circuit Switched ) or traditional Centrex

Two circuit-switched data protocols are defined in the GSM standard: Circuit Switched Data ( CSD ) and High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data ( HSCSD ).

* CSFB ( Circuit Switched Fallback ): In this approach, LTE just provides data services, and when a voice call is to be initiated or received, it will fall back to the CS domain.

These protocols are defined for Circuit Switched Networks.

The DTE ( Data Terminal Equipment ) and DCE ( Data Circuit Terminating Equipment ) are treated as equals.

Step-Saver Data Systems, Inc. v. Wyse Technology was a case in the U. S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit primarily concerned with the enforceability of box-top licenses and end user license agreements ( EULA ) and their place in U. S. contract law.

It is sometimes known as a " Private Circuit " or " Data Line " in the UK.

* The CDP-The Circuit Data Processor-Added E1 and integrated echo cancellation

# REDIRECT Circuit Switched Data

Curtin's work includes helping to prove the weakness of the Data Encryption Standard and providing expert testimony in Blumofe v. Pharmatrak, in which a key ruling was made by the U. S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, showing how the Electronic Communications Privacy Act ( ECPA ) applies to Web technology.

* Bowden, Caspar: " Closed Circuit Television For Inside Your Head: Blanket Traffic Data Retention and the Emergency Anti-Terrorism Legislation ".

The Third Circuit Court of Appeals is reviewing an appeal from the plan.

In the 2006 case before the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, Ballard v. Burton, Judge Carl E. Stewart writing for the Court held that an Alford guilty plea is a " variation of an ordinary guilty plea ".

Circuit Park Zandvoort is a motorsport race track located in Burgemeester van Alphenstraat 108, 2041 KP in the dunes north of the town of Zandvoort, in the Netherlands, near the North Sea coast line.

Circuit analysis is the study of methods of solving generally linear systems for unknown variables such as the voltage at a certain node or the current through a certain branch of a network.

An example of a Court's treatment of frivolous arguments is found in the case of Crain v. Commissioner, 737 F. 2d 1417 ( 1984 ), from the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit:

The Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit is a street circuit around Albert Park Lake, only a few kilometres south of central Melbourne.

The Monaco Grand Prix () is a Formula One motor race held each year on the Circuit de Monaco.

By virtue of practice directions issued under section 75 ( 1 ) of the Supreme Court Act 1981, an indictment must be tried by a High Court judge, a Circuit judge or a recorder ( which of these it is depends on the offence ).

The United States Supreme Court ( in Penry v. Lynaugh ) and the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ( in Bigby v. Dretke ) have been clear in their decisions that jury instructions in death penalty cases that do not ask about mitigating factors regarding the defendant's mental health violate the defendant's Eighth Amendment rights, saying that the jury is to be instructed to consider mitigating factors when answering unrelated questions.

The smaller is the Bugatti Circuit ( named after Ettore Bugatti, founder of the car company bearing his name ), a relatively short permanent circuit which is used for racing throughout the year.

The longer and more famous Circuit de la Sarthe is composed partly of public roads, which are closed to the public when the track is in use for racing, and has been host to the famous 24 Hours of Le Mans sports car race since 1923.

The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which is headquartered in San Francisco, California, and covers the area, was averse to enforcing patent claims.

The superintendent and other ministers are assisted in the leadership and administration of the Circuit by lay Circuit Stewards, who collectively with the ministers form what is normally known as the Circuit Leadership Team.

Routing equipment must translate NSAP addresses to SNPAs ( SubNetwork Point of Attachment ) to route OSI packets ; VCI ( Virtual Circuit Identifier ) numbers are an example of a datalink layer SNPAs in ATM ; when OSI packets are sent encapsulated in IP packets the IP address is considered an SNPA.

Thus, a federal district court that falls within the geographic boundaries of the Third Circuit Court of Appeals is bound by rulings of the Third Circuit Court, but not by rulings in the Ninth Circuit, since the Circuit Courts of Appeals have jurisdiction defined by geography.

The Circuit Courts of Appeals can interpret the law how they want, so long as there is no binding Supreme Court precedent.

In cases addressing other encryption software, however, two federal appeals courts have established the rule that cryptographic software source code is speech protected by the First Amendment ( the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in the Bernstein case and the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals in the Junger case ).