Clinical evidence for this effect was found in a series of studies performed in parallel in adolescent school children in the UK and Malawi.

However, the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence did not find any convincing evidence in favor of Z-drugs.

Proponents argue that the inter-rater reliability of DSM diagnoses ( via a specialized Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV ( SCID ) rather than usual psychiatric assessment ) is reasonable, and that there is good evidence of distinct patterns of mental, behavioral or neurological dysfunction to which the DSM disorders correspond well.

In one case the Journal of Clinical Oncology issued a Correction despite strong evidence that the original paper was invalid.

" This finding tended to confirm an earlier meta-analysis of the nutritional effects of saturated fat in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition which found " rospective epidemiologic studies showed that there is no significant evidence for concluding that dietary saturated fat is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease or cardiovascular disease.

Clinical and experimental evidence indicates that corticosteroids can cause permanent eye damage by inducing central serous retinopathy ( CSR, also known as central serous chorioretinopathy, CSC ).

Because of the weakness of the evidence and the potential for serious side effects from some drug therapies, the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence ( NICE ) 2009 clinical guideline for the treatment and management of BPD recommends: " Drug treatment should not be used specifically for borderline personality disorder or for the individual symptoms or behaviour associated with the disorder " but " drug treatment may be considered in the overall treatment of comorbid conditions ," and suggests " review of the treatment of people with borderline personality disorder who do not have a diagnosed comorbid mental or physical illness and who are currently being prescribed drugs, with the aim of reducing and stopping unnecessary drug treatment.

Clinical evidence suggests that pentamidine is often better tolerated than co-trimoxazole because a high dose of co-trimoxazole is needed, which is associated with a high incidence and severity of side effects such as hepatitis, bone-marrow-damage, renal-damage, and life threatening skin disease ( Lyell-syndrome ).

An article in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found evidence that " ingesting lactic acid bacteria exerts a suppressive effect on Helicobacter pylori infection in both animals and humans ," noting that " supplementing with Lactobacillus-and Bifidobacterium-containing yogurt ( AB-yogurt ) was shown to improve the rates of eradication of H. pylori in humans.

The report author noted that electrical stimulation devices and weighted vaginal cones are not recommended by the UK National Institute for Clinical Excellence ( NICE ) and " are not universally advocated by clinicians as they have yet to produce sufficient evidence of efficacy ".

In 2007, after a comprehensive review of the literature, the UK's National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence ( NICE ) expressed concern for the lack of quality evidence comparing the potential risks and benefits of home and hospital birthing environments.

Clinical psychologists generally seek to base their work on research evidence and outcome studies as well as on trained clinical judgment.

* Clinical research shows that treatment according to McKenzie method somewhat effective for acute low back pain, but the evidence suggests that it is not effective for chronic low-back pain.

Clinical evidence supporting the view that subitizing and counting may involve functionally and anatomically distinct brain areas comes from patients with simultanagnosia, one of the key components of Balint's syndrome.

Clinical trials are used to gather statistical evidence about the effects of particular medical investigations or therapies.

Clinical evidence suggests that kittens are susceptible to ivermectin toxicity.

Clinical or serological evidence of secondary syphilis.

Clinical evidence was used more commonly as the basis for studying disease and developing cures.

The International Menopause Society, American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, The Endocrine Society, the North American Menopause Society ( NAMS ), United States Food and Drug Administration, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American Medical Association, American Cancer Society and the Mayo Clinic have released statements that there is a lack of evidence that the benefits and risks of bioidentical hormones are different from well-studied nonbioidentical counterparts ; until such evidence is produced the risks should be treated as if they were similar ; and that compounded hormone products may have additional risks related to compounding.

Clinical pharmacologists usually have a rigorous medical and scientific training which enables them to evaluate evidence and produce new data through well designed studies.

Clinical evidence of drug resistance has appeared in Western Cambodia, where artemesinin monotherapy is common.

A peer-reviewed study in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition by John S White ( a consultant in sweeteners, HFCS, and sucrose for the Food and Beverage Industry who also has a professional association with the Corn Refiners Association ) rejects the HFCS-obesity hypothesis and finds that " lthough examples of pure fructose causing metabolic upset at high concentrations abound, especially when fed as the sole carbohydrate source, there is no evidence that the common fructose-glucose sweeteners do the same.

Clinical trials have demonstrated nicotine ( administered using a dermal patch ) exerts an antidepressant effect in both depressed nonsmokers and smokers, and can be considered for treatment-resistant depression.

The American Psychiatric Association and the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence recommend antipsychotics for managing acute psychotic episodes in schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, and as a longer-term maintenance treatment for reducing the likelihood of further episodes.

* Diabetes, type 1: Clinical trials based on the work of Denise Faustman use BCG to induce production of TNF-α, which can kill the T-cells responsible for type 1 diabetes.

Guidelines issued by the UK-based National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence ( NICE ), carried out a systematic review using different methodology and came to a different conclusion.

According to National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence ( NICE ), benzodiazepines can be used in the immediate management of GAD, if necessary.

One such example is the Certified Clinical Engineer ( CCE ) certification for Clinical engineers.

Clinical testing for CJD has always been an issue.

* Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale, used in medicine for assessing the severity of withdrawal symptoms

In the United Kingdom, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence ( NICE ) recommends CBT in the treatment plans for a number of mental health difficulties, including posttraumatic stress disorder, obsessive – compulsive disorder ( OCD ), bulimia nervosa, and clinical depression.

Modern Casuistry: An Essential But Incomplete Method for Clinical Ethical Decision-Making.

" Methodologies for Clinical Ethics.

" Collaboration and Casuistry: A Peircean Pragmatic for the Clinical Setting.

Clinical electrochemotherapy has been successfully used for treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors irrespective of their histological origin.

* Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV ( SCID )

* Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV

Hypnosis for IBS has received moderate support in the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidance published for UK health services.

Clinical trials of d-methadone, to test its analgesic efficacy against neuropathic pain are in progress.

Clinical trials are sets of tests in medical research and drug development that generate safety and efficacy data ( or more specifically, information about adverse drug reactions and adverse effects of other treatments ) for health interventions ( e. g., drugs, diagnostics, devices, therapy protocols ).

Clinical results have been mixed and the use of Lorenzo's oil has been controversial due to uncertainties regarding its clinical efficacy and the clinical indications for its use.

However, the right approach on Cell and Tissue based therapies ' Clinical application for Spinal cord Injury would be to take a stand on the patients and Clinicians part that any cell or tissue source whose safety has been established could be considered for Clinical applications and continuous efforts must be undertaken to establish the efficacy and mechanisms.

Clinical studies have demonstrated the device's efficacy in the treatment of ear blockage caused by Eustachian Tube Dysfunction and Otitis Media with Effusion.