The manuscripts from the Western text-type ( as represented by the Codex Bezae ) and the Alexandrian text-type ( as represented by the Codex Sinaiticus ) are the earliest survivors.

He deciphered the Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus, a 5th century Greek manuscript of the New Testament, in the 1840s, and rediscovered the Codex Sinaiticus, a 4th century New Testament manuscript, in 1859.

On February 4, the last day of his visit, he was shown a text which he recognized as significant — the Codex Sinaiticus — a Greek manuscript of the complete New Testament and parts of the Old Testament dating to the 4th century.

By those ignorant of the details of his discovery of the Codex Sinaiticus, Tischendorf was accused of buying manuscripts from ignorant monastery librarians at low prices.

In 1933, the Soviet Government sold the Codex Sinaiticus for 100, 000 pounds to the British Museum in London, England.

* προς Ρωμαιους (" to the Romans ") is found in these manuscripts: Codex Sinaiticus, Codex Alexandrinus, Codex Vaticanus, Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus, Codex Bezae ;

* 1859 – The Codex Sinaiticus is discovered in Egypt.

For example, it is speculated that this may have provided motivation for canon lists, and that Codex Vaticanus and Codex Sinaiticus may be examples of these Bibles.

For each subsequent century, more and more manuscripts survive that contain a portion or all of the books that were held to be part of the New Testament at that time ( for example, the New Testament of the 4th-century Codex Sinaiticus, once a complete Bible, contains the Epistle of Barnabas and the Shepherd of Hermas ), though occasionally these manuscripts contain other works as well ( e. g., Papyrus 72 and the Crosby-Schøyen Codex ).

* Codex Sinaiticus ( Greek ; copied in the 4th century )

It is represented, e. g., by Codex Vaticanus, Codex Sinaiticus and the Bodmer Papyri.

Current scholarship considers the Codex Sinaiticus to be one of the best Greek texts of the New Testament, along with that of the Codex Vaticanus.

Until the discovery by Tischendorf of the Sinaiticus text, the Codex Vaticanus was unrivaled.

The Codex Sinaiticus came to the attention of scholars in the 19th century at the Greek Orthodox Monastery of Mount Sinai, with further material discovered in the 20th and 21st centuries.

The Epistle of Barnabas (, ) is a Greek epistle containing twenty-one chapters, preserved complete in the 4th century Codex Sinaiticus where it appears at the end of the New Testament.

After Christians in Ephesus first wrote to their counterparts recommending Apollos to them, he went to Achaia where Paul names him as an apostle ( 1 Cor 4: 6, 9-13 ) Given that Paul only saw himself as an apostle ' untimely born ' ( 1 Cor 15: 8 ) it is certain that Apollos became an apostle in the regular way ( as a witness to the risen Lord and commissioned by Jesus-1 Cor 15: 5-9 ; 1 Cor 9: 1 ).< ref > So the Alexandrian recension ; the text in < sup > 38 </ sup > and Codex Bezae indicate that Apollos went to Corinth.

A 6th-century Greek and Latin manuscript of Acts that is believed to have been used by Bede survives and is now in the Bodleian Library ; it is known as the Codex Laudianus.

In 546 Victor of Capua discovered such a mixed manuscript ; and, further corrected by Victor so as to provide a very pure Vulgate text within a modified Diatessaron sequence, this harmony, the Codex Fuldensis, survives in the monastic library at Fulda, where it served as the source text for vernacular harmonies in Old High German, Eastern Frankish and Old Saxon ( the alliterative poem ' Heliand ').

Food that is processed as an ingredient by a restaurant or food processor is exempt from the labeling requirement in the US ; other countries follow the Codex Alimentarius provision to label irradiated ingredients down to the last molecule ( cf.

Both the Codex and the Novellae contain many enactments regarding donations, foundations, and the administration of ecclesiastical property ; election and rights of bishops, priests and abbots ; monastic life, residential obligations of the clergy, conduct of divine service, episcopal jurisdiction, etc.

The Codex contained two statutes which decreed the total destruction of paganism, even in private life ; these provisions were zealously enforced.

Laws of Constantine I around 325 both reinforced the semi-servile status of the coloni and limited their rights to sue in the courts ; the Codex Theodosianus promulgated under Theodosius II extended these restrictions.

* Codex Bobiensis ( Latin ; copied in the 4th century, but containing at least a 3rd-century form of text )

* Codex Vaticanus ( Greek ; copied in the 4th century )

* Codex Vercellensis ( Latin ; copied in the 4th century )

* Codex Guelferbytanus 64 Weissenburgensis, with text of Origins of Isidore, partly palimpsest, with texts of earlier codices Guelferbytanus A, Guelferbytanus B, Codex Carolinus, and several other texts Greek and Latin ;

; Codex Nitriensis

Of those three books, the Ragyndrudis Codex shows incisions that could have been made by sword or axe ; its story appears confirmed in the Utrecht hagiography, the Vita altera, which reports that an eye-witness saw that the saint at the moment of death held up a gospel as spiritual protection.

The story was later repeated by Otloh's vita ; at that time, the Ragyndrudis Codex seems to have been firmly connected to the martyrdom.

A 3D model of how the Palace must have looked during Moctezuma's reign ; based on an illustration from Codex Mendoza ( 1542 )

The Nowell Codex, perhaps more commonly known as the manuscript containing the Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf, also contains references to Cynocephali.

Proponents argue that the use of Codex Alimentarius during international disputes does not exclude the use of other references or scientific studies as evidence of food safety and consumer protection.

These notebooks — originally loose papers of different types and sizes, distributed by friends after his death — have found their way into major collections such as the Royal Library at Windsor Castle, the Louvre, the Biblioteca Nacional de España, the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan which holds the twelve-volume Codex Atlanticus, and British Library in London which has put a selection from its notebook BL Arundel MS 263 online.

His thorough knowledge of the Teutonic languages and his critical faculty were shown in his Anglo-Saxon poem of Beowulf ( 1833-1837 ), Über die Stammtafeln der Westsachsen ( Munich 1836 ), Codex diplomaticus aevi Saxonici ( London 1839-1848 ), and in many contributions to reviews ; while his History of the Saxons in England ( 1849 ; new ed.

* Article by George Long, M. A., Fellow of Trinity College, on the Codex Theodosianus, in A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, John Murray, London 1875.

The Codex Alexandrinus ( London, British Library, MS Royal 1.

Ritual blowing occurs in the liturgies of catechumenate and baptism from a very early period and survives into the modern Roman Catholic, Greek Orthodox, Maronite, and Coptic rites .< ref > Alongside Martène and Suntrup ( cited above ), convenient collections of illustrative material include W. G. Henderson, ed., < cite > Manuale et Processionale ad usum insignis Ecclesiae Eboracensis ,</ cite > Surtees Society Publications 63 ( Durham, 1875 for 1874 ), especially Appendix III " Ordines Baptismi " below as < cite > York Manual </ cite >; Joseph Aloysius Assemanus, < cite > Codex liturgicus ecclesiae universae, I: De Catechumenis </ cite > and < cite > II: De Baptismo </ cite > ( Rome, 1749 ; reprinted Paris and Leipzig, 1902 ); J. M. Neale, ed., < cite > The Ancient Liturgies of the Gallican Church ... together with Parallel Passages from the Roman, Ambrosian, and Mozarabic Rites </ cite > ( London, 1855 ; rpt.

The telegraph builder's drawings found in the Codex Lipack are for some of the actual artifacts that today comprise part of the collection of telegraph apparatus in the Science Museum ( London ), and other museums.

The first mentions of the numerals in the West are found in the Codex Vigilanus of 976.

Acts 15: 22 – 24 from the 7th-century Codex Laudianus in the Bodleian Library, written in parallel columns of Latin and Greek language | Greek.

In 1893, Sir W. M. Ramsay in The Church in the Roman Empire held that the Codex Bezae ( the Western text ) rested on a recension made in Asia Minor ( somewhere between Ephesus and southern Galatia ), not later than about the middle of the 2nd century.

* In Mass Effect the Codex ( an in-game encyclopedia ) explains that Earth is composed mainly of Arcology buildings.

This machine was an ornithopter, with flapping wings similar to those of a bird, first presented in his Codex on the Flight of Birds in 1505.

In 1505, Leonardo da Vinci wrote the Codex on the Flight of Birds, one of the earliest treatises on aerodynamics.

It survives in a single manuscript known as the Nowell Codex.

The poem appears in what is today called the Beowulf manuscript or Nowell Codex ( British Library MS Cotton Vitellius A. xv ), along with other works.

Reverend Thomas Smith and Humfrey Wanley undertook the task of cataloguing the Cotton library, in which the Nowell Codex was held.

They operated under a series of laws that were added from time to time, but Roman law was never reorganised into a single code until the Codex Theodosianus ( AD 438 ); later, in the Eastern Empire the Codex repetitæ prælectionis ( 534 ) was highly influential throughout Europe.

In 506, the Breviarum or " Lex Romana " of Alaric II, king of the Visigoths, adopted and consolidated the Codex Theodosianus together with assorted earlier Roman laws.

Despite this comparison, a fragment of a non-Christian parchment Codex of Demosthenes, De Falsa Legatione from Oxyrhynchus in Egypt demonstrates that the surviving evidence is insufficient to conclude whether Christians played a major, if not central, role in the development of early codices, or if they simply adopted the format to distinguish themselves from Jews.

Early medieval bookcase containing about ten codices depicted in the Codex Amiatinus ( ca.

Aztec warriors as shown in the Florentine Codex.

He deposited them at the University of Leipzig, under the title of the Codex Friderico-Augustanus, a name given in honour of his patron, Frederick Augustus II of Saxony, king of Saxony.