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Coenwulf came into conflict with Archbishop Wulfred of Canterbury over the issue of whether laypeople could control religious houses such as monasteries.
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Coenwulf and came
" Offa died in July 796, and Ecgfrith succeeded, but reigned for less than five months before Coenwulf came to the throne.
A recent development in the coinage of Coenwulf came with the discovery in 2001 of a gold coin bearing the name Coenwulf at Biggleswade in Bedfordshire, England, on a footpath beside the River Ivel.
Coenwulf and into
Coenwulf, who took the Mercian throne shortly after Offa's death, was able to retain Mercian influence in the kingdoms of Kent, East Anglia and Essex, and made frequent incursions across Offa's Dyke into what is now Wales.
Mercian influence in the south-eastern kingdoms of Kent, East Anglia and Essex continued into the early 820s under Coenwulf of Mercia.
Coenwulf and conflict
Several campaigns of Coenwulf's against the Welsh are recorded, but only one conflict with Northumbria, in 801, though it is likely that Coenwulf continued to support the opponents of the Northumbrian king Eardwulf.
Coenwulf and with
He succeeded Ecgfrith, the son of Offa, Ecgfrith only reigned for five months, with Coenwulf coming to the throne in the same year that Offa died.
A civil war in Gwynedd in the 810s ended with the succession of Hywel ap Caradog in 816 or 817, and Coenwulf invaded again, this time ravaging Snowdonia and taking control of Rhufuniog, a small Welsh territory near Rhos.
Both Coenwulf's and Leo's comments are partisan, as each had their own reasons for representing the situation as they did: Coenwulf was entreating Leo to make London the sole southern archdiocese, while Leo was concerned to avoid the appearance of complicity with the unworthy motives Coenwulf imputed to Offa.
Wulfred was given freedom to mint coins that did not name Coenwulf on the reverse, probably indicating that Wulfred was on good terms with the Mercian king.
In 808 there was evidently a rift of some kind: a letter from Pope Leo to Charlemagne mentioned that Coenwulf had not yet made peace with Wulfred.
One account records that the quarrel between Wulfred and Coenwulf led to Wulfred's being deprived of his office for six years, with no baptisms taking place during that time, but this may have been an exaggeration, with four years being the more likely term of the suspension.
Coenwulf also had a son, Cynehelm, who later became known as a saint, with a cult dating from at least the 970s.
Coenwulf was the last of a series of Mercian kings, beginning with Penda in the early 7th century, to exercise dominance over most or all of southern England.
The C dynasty, beginning with Coenwulf, may have had ties to the ruling family of Hwicce in south-west Mercia.
King Coenwulf of Mercia is associated with the region before becoming king.
Coenwulf and Archbishop
Coenwulf asserted in his letter that Offa wanted the new archdiocese created out of enmity for Jaenberht, the Archbishop of Canterbury at the time of the division ; but Leo responded that the only reason the papacy agreed to the creation was because of the size of the kingdom of Mercia.
Wihthun's last datable subscriptions are to two charters of 805: a grant by Cuthred, King of Kent, to Archbishop Wulfred, and a grant by Coenwulf, King of Mercia, and Cuthred, King of Kent, to a priest called Wulfhard.
Coenwulf and Wulfred
In 817 Wulfred witnessed two charters in which Coenwulf granted land to Deneberht, bishop of Worcester, but there is no further record of Wulfred acting as archbishop for the rest of Coenwulf's reign.
In 821, the year of Coenwulf's death, a council was held in London at which Coenwulf threatened to exile Wulfred if the archbishop did not surrender an estate of 300 hides, and make a payment of 120 pounds to the king.
Coenwulf and Canterbury
Coenwulf wrote to the Pope and asked Leo to consider making London the seat of the southern archbishopric, removing the honour from Canterbury ; it is likely that Coenwulf's reasons included the loss of Mercian control over Kent.
Coenwulf and over
* After the death of Cuthred, king Coenwulf of Mercia takes control over Kent himself.
Coenwulf was the last king of Mercia to exercise substantial dominance over other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.
Coenwulf would have wished to retain control over the archiepiscopal seat, and at the time he wrote to the pope Kent was independent of Mercia.
Coenwulf and could
Eadberht Præn returned from exile in Francia to claim the Kentish throne and Coenwulf was forced to wait for papal support before he could intervene.
Coenwulf and control
Coenwulf also appears to have lost control of the kingdom of East Anglia during the early part of his reign, as an independent coinage appears under King Eadwald.
Cuthred ruled until the time of his death in 807, after which Coenwulf took control of Kent in name as well as fact.
Coenwulf and such
The refoundation is what lies behind an exceptionally elaborate charter for Pershore, dated 972, in which King Edgar is presented as granting new lands and privileges as well as confirming old ones, such as the one granted by Coenwulf.
Coenwulf and monasteries
The council, held at Chelsea, asserted that Coenwulf did not have the right to make appointments to nunneries and monasteries, although both Leo and his predecessor, Pope Hadrian I, had granted Offa and Coenwulf the right to do so.
Coenwulf and .
* December – Coenwulf becomes king of Mercia.
* Coenwulf of Mercia invades Kent, deposes and imprisons King Eadbert Praen, and makes his own brother Cuthred king.
Offa exerted himself to ensure that his son Ecgfrith of Mercia would succeed him, but after his death in July 796, Ecgfrith survived for only five more months, and the kingdom passed to a distant relative named Coenwulf in December 796.
In 821, Coenwulf was succeeded by his brother Ceolwulf, who demonstrated his military prowess by his attack on and destruction of the fortress of Deganwy in Powys.
" Offa died in 796 and was succeeded by his son, Ecgfrith of Mercia, who reigned for less than five months before Coenwulf of Mercia became king.
In other charters contained in the Gloucester register, Coenwulf ( r. 796-821 ) and Burgred are recorded as having been patrons of Pershore.
A charter of King Edgar refers back to a grant of privileges by Coenwulf at the request of his ealdorman ( dux ) Beornnoth.
Coenwulf ( also spelled Cenwulf, Kenulf, or Kenwulph ) ( died 821 ) was King of Mercia from December 796 to 821.
When Pope Leo agreed to anathematize Eadberht, Coenwulf invaded and retook the kingdom ; Eadberht was taken prisoner, and was blinded and had his hands cut off.
Letters between Coenwulf and the papacy also survive.
Coenwulf succeeded Ecgfrith as king.
Coenwulf is also recorded as witnessing charters during Offa's reign.
According to the genealogy of Mercian kings preserved in the Anglian collection Coenwulf was descended from a brother of Penda's named Cenwealh of whom there is no other record.
Eardwulf of Northumbria had, like Coenwulf, gained his throne in 796: Alcuin's meaning is not clear, but it may be that he intended it as a slur on Eardwulf or Coenwulf or on both.
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