Congestion, widely regarded as a nuisance, is possibly an emergent property of the spreading of bottlenecks across a network in high traffic flows which can be considered as a phase transition ( see review of related research in ).

Congestion is considered a negative externality by economists.

* Congestion is cleared as soon as servers are free.

Congestion is considered a negative externality by economists.

Congestion pricing is an efficiency pricing strategy that requires the users to pay more for that public good, thus increasing the welfare gain or net benefit for society.

Congestion pricing is one of a number of alternative demand side ( as opposed to supply side ) strategies offered by economists to address congestion.

Congestion is a significant problem in the county, as east-west transportation is restricted by the narrow urban corridor and many of its citizens commute south to Salt Lake County.

Part of the area is within the Central London Congestion Charge Zone.

Congestion is a major problem in the town and roundabouts, junctions and bridges can become gridlocked at rush hour.

The London congestion charge is a fee charged on most motor vehicles operating within the Congestion Charge Zone ( CCZ ) in central London between 07: 00 and 18: 00 ( Monday-Friday only ).

Congestion pricing is used since 2007 during rush hours in order to maintain reasonable speeds within the city's core with the aim of keeping a minimum level of service for their customers.

Congestion pricing or congestion charges is a system of surcharging users of public goods that are subject to congestion through excess demand such as higher peak charges for use of bus services, electricity, metros, railways, telephones, and road pricing to reduce traffic congestion ; airlines and shipping companies may be charged higher fees for slots at airports and through canals at busy times.

Congestion pricing is a concept from market economics regarding the use of pricing mechanisms to charge the users of public goods for the negative externalities generated by the peak demand in excess of available supply.

Congestion pricing is one of a number of alternative demand side ( as opposed to supply side ) strategies offered by economists to address traffic congestion.

Congestion is considered a negative externality by economists.

Congestion pricing is an efficiency pricing strategy that requires the users to pay more for that public good, thus increasing the welfare gain or net benefit for society.

Notably this was not done for the London Congestion Charging Scheme, which has led to claims that it is not possible to determine the extent of the actual influence of the scheme.

Congestion pricing is not intended to increase public revenues or to become just another tax, however this is precisely one of the main concerns of road users and taxpayers.

** Congestion pricing, where a certain area, such as the inner part of a congested city, is surrounded with a cordon into which entry with a car requires payment.

Despite being a primary route to southwestern England, the A303 is frequently congested not withstanding the fact that the recommended route from London to Exeter is the M4 and the M5. Congestion is frequently reported on the route's single carriageway sections.

Congestion pricing was first implemented in Singapore in 1975, together with a comprehensive package of road pricing measures, stringent car ownership rules and improvements in mass transit.

Congestion pricing was developed as a first-best solution, based on the assumption that the optimal price of road space equals the marginal cost price if all other goods in the economy are also marginal cost priced.

Congestion on a city road in Moscow.

Congestion caused by a road accident, Algarve, Portugal.

Congestion can be reduced by either increasing road capacity ( supply ), or by reducing traffic ( demand ).

With the extension westward of the London Congestion Charge Zone between 19 February 2007 and 4 January 2011, the part of the road between Westbourne Park and the Westway roundabout that passed through the zone was designated as a " free through route " that allowed vehicles to cross the zone without paying the charge.

Congestion on the A47 particularly in the mornings, for city bound traffic, is a major issue for commuters in Leicester Forest East, and for those using this road.

From 19 February 2007, this road marks the boundary of the extended London Congestion Charge Zone.

From 19 February 2007 this road is on the boundary of the extended London Congestion Charge Zone.

Congestion control in frame-relay networks includes the following elements:

* Congestion avoidance: Congestion control can control traffic entry into a telecommunications network, so as to avoid congestive collapse by attempting to avoid oversubscription of any of the processing or link capabilities of the intermediate nodes and networks and taking resource reducing steps, such as reducing the rate of sending packets.

Congestion control concerns controlling traffic entry into a telecommunications network, so as to avoid congestive collapse by attempting to avoid oversubscription of any of the processing or link capabilities of the intermediate nodes and networks and taking resource reducing steps, such as reducing the rate of sending packets.

; Congestion of villages and beauty spots: Some of the most popular " honeypot " areas attract large numbers of visitors, resulting in overcrowded car parks, blocked roads, and overstretched local facilities, particularly on Sundays in the summer and on bank holidays.

Congestion became a serious problem at the 1952 terminal as the airlines began to replace their piston airliners with larger jets ; the terminal was again expanded to temporarily handle the traffic.

Congestion pricing or urban toll schemes were implemented to enter the downtown area using ETC technology and / or cameras and video recognition technology to get the plate numbers in several cities around the world: urban tolling in Norway's three major cities: Bergen ( 1986 ), Oslo ( 1990 ), and Trondheim ( 1991 ) ( see Trondheim Toll Scheme ); Singapore in 1998 ( see Singapore ’ s Electronic Road Pricing ), as an upgrade to the world's first successful congestion pricing scheme implemented with manual control in 1975 ( see also Singapore's Area Licensing Scheme ); Rome in 2001 as an upgrade to the manual zone control system implemented in 1998 ; London in 2003 and extended in 2007 ( see London congestion charge ); Stockholm, tested in 2006 and made the charge permanent in 2007 ( see Stockholm congestion tax ); and in Valletta, the capital city of Malta, since May 2007.

Expiremental " Parking Congestion Plan "- NYCDOT ; News 12 Bklyn.

Windsor scored a perfect " 5 " in 8 of the 14 categories used to compare suburbs ; however, it scored a zero in important areas including " Crime ", " Traffic Congestion " and " Open Space ".

After undergraduate studies at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, he received his Ph. D. in 1991 from the University of California, Berkeley, with a thesis entitled Congestion Control in Computer Networks ; his advisor was Domenico Ferrari.

; Congestion

In 1995, the London Congestion Research Programme concluded that the city's economy would benefit from a congestion charge scheme, the Road Traffic Reduction Act 1997 required local authorities to study and reduce traffic volumes and any future London mayors were given the power to introduce " Road user charging " by the Greater London Authority Act 1999.

Congestion based pricing for Beijing was recommended by the World Bank in 2010 and local officials announced plans to introduce a scheme in September 2011 although no details about the cost or the charge zone have been provided.

* Reducing Congestion and Funding Transportation Using Road Pricing in Europe and Singapore published by FHWA, AASHTO and the TRB

Congestion pricing has been widely used by telephone and electric utilities, metros, railways and autobus services, and has been proposed for charging internet access.

* Reducing Congestion and Funding Transportation Using Road Pricing in Europe and Singapore published by FHWA, AASHTO and the TRB

Congestion simulations and real-time observations have shown that in heavy but free flowing traffic, jams can arise spontaneously, triggered by minor events (" butterfly effects "), such as an abrupt steering maneuver by a single motorist.

# Congestion may be handled only by the transmitter but since it is known to have happened only after a packet was sent, there must be an echo of the congestion indication by the receiver to the transmitter.

It is generally referred to as induced demand in the transport literature, and was posited as the " Iron Law of Congestion " by Anthony Downs.

Congestion avoidance can also efficiently be achieved by reducing the amount of traffic flowing into a network.