* Constantine X Doukas

* Constantine X, Byzantine Emperor

* John Doukas, Caesar, younger brother and counsellor to Constantine X of Byzantium

* Constantine I adopt the words " in hoc signo vinces " as a motto and have the letters X and P ( the first letters of the Greek word Christ ) emblazoned on the shields of his Roman legions.

* Constantine X, emperor of Byzantium ( d. 1067 )

* Eudokia Makrembolitissa, empress of Byzantine Emperor Constantine X ( d. 1096 )

* Eudocia Macrembolitissa, empress of Byzantine Emperor Constantine X ( b. 1021 )

* On the death of her husband Constantine X, Eudocia Macrembolitissa becomes regent of the Byzantine Empire.

* Constantine X, Byzantine Emperor ( b. 1006 )

In 1067, he had been considered as a possible husband for the empress Eudokia Makrembolitissa, widowed wife of Constantine X, but she eventually set her heart on Romanos IV Diogenes.

To solidify his position, on the death of his second wife Nikephoros III sought to marry Eudokia Makrembolitissa, the mother of Michael VII and the widow of Constantine X and Romanos IV.

Courageous and generous, but also quite impetuous, Romanos's military talents had seen him rise with distinction in the army, including serving on the Danubian frontier but he was eventually convicted of attempting to usurp the throne of the sons of Constantine X Doukas in 1067.

The problem Romanus and Eudokia had in executing this plan was that Eudokia's deceased husband, Constantine X, had made her swear an oath never to remarry.

He did not take into account the degraded state of the Byzantine forces which had suffered years of neglect from his predecessors, in particular Constantine X.

Michael VII was the eldest son of Constantine X Doukas and Eudokia Makrembolitissa, and was born c. 1050, in Constantinople.

When Constantine X died in 1067, Michael VII was 17 years old and should have been able to rule by himself.

* Nestor – A former slave of Constantine X, he had been promoted to become the dux of Paradounavon, on the region bordering the Danube.

While studying under John Mauropus, he met the later Patriarchs Constantine Leichoudes and John Xiphilinos, and the later emperor Constantine X Doukas.

He played a decisive political role in the transition of power from Michael VI to Isaac I Komnenos in 1057 ; then from Isaac Komnenos to Constantine X Doukas ( 1059 ); and then again from Romanos IV Diogenes to Michael VII Doukas ( 1071 ).

The large invading force which could have been expected did not materialise, for Guiscard was recalled by a new Byzantine army, sent by Constantine X, ravaging Apulia.

Isaac abdicated and on November 24, 1059, Constantine X Doukas was crowned emperor.

Severely undercutting the training and financial support for the armed forces, Constantine X fatally weakened Byzantine defences ( by disbanding the Armenian local militia of 50, 000 men ) at a crucial point of time, coinciding with the westward advance of the Seljuk Turks and their Turcoman allies.

First married to Michael VII Doukas and secondly to Nikephoros III Botaneiates, she was preoccupied with the future of her son by Michael VII, Constantine Doukas.

As a measure intended to keep the support of the Doukai, Alexios restored Constantine Doukas, the young son of Michael VII and Maria, as co-emperor and a little later betrothed him to his own first-born daughter Anna, who moved into the Mangana Palace with her fiancé and his mother.

Alexios became estranged from Maria, who was stripped of her imperial title and retired to a monastery, and Constantine Doukas was deprived of his status as co-emperor.

Although he reluctantly baptized the fruit of this relationship, the future Constantine VII, Nicholas forbade the emperor from entering the church and may have become involved in the revolt of Andronikos Doukas.

This situation was exploited by the courtiers, led by Michael Psellos, who influenced Isaac to appoint as his successor Constantine Doukas, to the exclusion of his own brother John Komnenos.

Nevertheless, Nikephoros did not recognize the succession rights of Maria's son Constantine Doukas, while his plan to promote his worthless nephew Synadenos as co-emperor exposed him to the suspicion and plots of the surviving portions of the Doukas faction at court.

The Byzantine Empire also faced foreign invasion, as the Norman Duke Robert Guiscard of Apulia declared war under the pretext of defending the rights of young Constantine Doukas, who had been engaged to Robert's daughter Helena.

By her he had at least one son, Constantine Doukas, co-emperor from c. 1075 to 1078 and from 1081 to 1087 / 8.

In his sixteenth year he was sent by his father, the logothete Constantine Akropolites the elder, to the court of John III Doukas Vatatzes, emperor of Nicaea, where Akropolites continued his studies under Theodore Hexapterygos and Nicephorus Blemmydes.

Anna notes in the Alexiad in her early childhood that she was raised by the former empress, Maria of Alania, who was the mother of Anna ’ s first fiancé, Constantine Doukas.

She was to marry Constantine Doukas, the son of Emperor Michael VII and Maria of Alania.

* Olympias ( renamed Helena ), betrothed to Constantine Doukas, son of Michael VII in August 1074, contract broken off in 1078.

Constantine Doukas was the son of Andronikos Doukas, a Paphlagonian nobleman who may have served as governor of the theme of Moesia.

* Isaac I Comnenus resigns as Byzantine Emperor, appointing Constantine Ducas as his successor.

Some assume it was either Şerban Cantacuzino or Constantin Mavrocordat who introduced corn in Wallachia, Maria Theresa in Transylvania and Constantine Ducas in Moldova where it is called păpuşoi.

He became a deacon at Constantinople, attained a high reputation as a scholar, and became the tutor of Constantine Ducas, son of the Emperor Michael VII, for whom he wrote The Education of Princes.

* Olympias, betrothed to Constantine Doukas, son of Michael VII Ducas and Maria Bagrationi, in 1074

To him, scholars and readers are indebted for the record of two documents of importance — a letter from the Byzantine Emperor John I Tzimisces, to King Ashot III Bagratuni and a discourse delivered in the cathedral of Hagia Sophia, Constantinople, in the presence of the Emperor Constantine X Ducas by Gagik II, the exiled Bagratuni king, concerning the doctrinal divergence between the Greek and Armenian churches.

For example, under Nicephorus II Phocas hypatos was a 7th rank in court hierarchy, under Constantine IX Monomachus it became 8th, under Isaac I Comnenus it became 10th, under Michael VII Ducas it became 11th, under Nicephorus III it became 13th and finally under Alexius I it occupied 26th position, after which point all ranks lower than 20th were abolished.