Vetranio immediately sent letters to Constantius pledging his loyalty, which Constantius may have accepted simply in order to stop Magnentius from gaining more support.

However, when Constantius arrived Vetranio willingly resigned his position and accepted Constantius ’ offer of a comfortable retirement in Bithynia.

When Constantius died in 306, his son Constantine was crowned emperor on July 25 and subsequently accepted by Galerius into the tetrarchy as Caesar.

) In 418, by agreement with Constantius, Wallia's Goths accepted land to farm in Aquitania.

In the turmoil after the death of Constantine in 337, in order to establish himself as sole emperor, Julian's zealous Arian Christian cousin Constantius II led a massacre of most of Julian's close relatives.

Constantius II ordered the murders of many descendants from the second marriage of Constantius Chlorus and Theodora, leaving only Constantius and his brothers Constantine II and Constans I, and their cousins, Julian and Gallus ( Julian's half-brother ), as the surviving males related to Emperor Constantine.

In need of support, in 351 he made Julian's half-brother, Gallus, Caesar of the East, while Constantius II himself turned his attention westward to Magnentius, whom he defeated decisively that year.

Constantius attempted to maintain some modicum of control over his Caesar, which explains his removal of Julian's close adviser Saturninius Secundus Salutius from Gaul.

In February 360, Constantius II ordered more than half of Julian's Gallic troops to his eastern army, the orders by-passing Julian and going directly to the military commanders.

According to the historian Zosimus, the army officers were those responsible for distributing an anonymous tract expressing complaints against Constantius as well as fearing for Julian's ultimate fate.

*** Julian's loyalists proclaimed him Augustus in 360, but he did not fully assume the purple until Constantius II's death in November 361

Constantius, after his experience with Gallus, intended his representative to be more a figurehead than an active participant in events, so he packed Julian off to Gaul with a small retinue and Constantius ' prefects in Gaul would keep him in check.

The principal source for the events of his life is the hagiography written by Constantius of Lyon around 480.

The Emperor Constantius II had been away during these events.

The old Municipium, turned in disastrous conditions, was rebuilt for the intervention of emperor Constantius III who gave the city stability and a difensive structure that allowed it to survive and to go through the events of the following centuries.

After examining the primary documents he concludes: " In sum, the only formal and well-attested Council of Sirmium during the reign of Constantius is the council of 351 which condemned Athanasius, Marcellus, and Photinus and promulgated the creed which was subsequently presented to the Councils of Arles and Milan.

Marcellus was reinstated by the Council of Sardica and Pope Julius I in 343, but Basil was restored in 350 by Constantius, over whom he gained considerable influence.

However, there is no evidence that his son and ultimate successor, Constantius II, who was an Arian Christian, was exiled.

However, during the time of Arianism's flowering in Constantinople, the Gothic convert Ulfilas ( later the subject of the letter of Auxentius cited above ) was sent as a missionary to the Gothic barbarians across the Danube, a mission favored for political reasons by emperor Constantius II.

He came from Antioch and served under Constantius II and was probably appointed to ensure that nobody with western associations was serving in Britain during a time of mistrust, rebellion and suppression symbolised by the brutal acts of the imperial notary Paulus Catena.

A bust of Emperor Constantius II from Syria. Ammianus was born between 325 and 330 in the Greek-speaking East, possibly at Antioch on the Orontes.

He entered the army at an early age, when Constantius II was emperor of the East, and was sent to serve under Ursicinus, governor of Nisibis in Mesopotamia, and magister militum.

He returned to Italy with Ursicinus, when he was recalled by Constantius, and accompanied him on the expedition against Claudius Silvanus, who had been forced by the allegedly unjust accusations of his enemies into proclaiming himself emperor in Gaul.

Like many ancient historians, Ammianus had a strong political and religious agenda to pursue, however, and he contrasted Constantius II with Julian to the former's constant disadvantage ; like all ancient writers he was skilled in rhetoric, and this shows in his work.

Antipope Felix II was installed as Pope in 355 after the Emperor Constantius II banished the reigning Pope, Liberius, for refusing to subscribe the sentence of condemnation against Saint Athanasius.

In May 357 the Roman laity, which had remained faithful to Liberius, demanded that Constantius, who was on a visit to Rome, should recall Liberius.

He continued to lead the conflict against the Arians for the rest of his life and was engaged in theological and political struggles against the Emperors Constantine the Great and Constantius II and powerful and influential Arian churchmen, led by Eusebius of Nicomedia and others.

The persecution against the orthodox party broke out with renewed vigor, and Constantius II was induced to prepare drastic measures against Athanasius and the priests who were devoted to him.

The Batavi were still mentioned in 355 during the reign of Constantius II ( 317-361 ), when their island was already dominated by the Salii, a Frankish tribe that had sought Roman protection there in 297 after having been expelled from their own country by the Saxons.

Constantius II (; 7 August 317 – 3 November 361 ), was Roman Emperor from 337 to 361.

After the death of Constantine I ( May 337 ), this was the formal division of the Empire, until Dalmatius was killed and his territory divided between Constans and Constantius.

Constantius was born in 317 at Sirmium, Pannonia.

Constantius was made Caesar by his father on 13 November 324.

Before Constantius arrived, the Persian general Narses, who was possibly the king's brother, overran Mesopotamia and captured Amida.

In early 337, Constantius hurried to Constantinople after receiving news that his father was near death.

While Constantius was away from the eastern frontier in early 337, Shapur assembled a large army, including war elephants, and launched an attack on Roman territory, laying waste to Mesopotamia and putting Nisibis under siege.

Ultimately, Constantius was able to push back the invasion, Shapur failing to make any significant gains.

This new state of affairs was unacceptable to Constantius, who felt that as the only surviving son of Constantine the Great, the position of emperor was his alone.

Constantius remained in Britannia for a few months, replaced most of Allectus ’ officers, and the British provinces were probably at this time subdivided along the lines of Diocletian ’ s other administrative reforms of the Empire.

Although further Emperors would don the purple on the basis of military power ( e. g., Constantine I, Valentinian I, and Theodosius I ), the phenomenon of the barracks emperors died out, to be replaced in the late imperial era by shadow emperors like Stilicho, Constantius III, Flavius Aëtius, Avitus, Ricimer, Gundobad, Flavius Orestes, and Odoacer, military strongmen who effectually ruled the empire as imperial generalissimos controlling weak-willed puppet emperors rather than by donning the purple themselves.

Constantius had made him magister militum in 353, with the purpose of blocking the German threats, a feat that Silvanus achieved by bribing the German tribes with the money he had collected.

* Flavius Constantius, Roman general and politician, is promoted to the rank of magister militum.

* January 1 – Emperor Honorius forces his half-sister Galla Placidia into marriage to Constantius, his general ( magister militum ).

* Constantius III, Roman general ( magister militum ), begins a military campaign against the Visigoths in Gaul.

* Constantius, Roman general ( magister militum ), drives the Visigoths out of Gaul.

* Constantius Gallus sends his general ( magister equitum ) Ursicinus to forcefully put down the Jewish revolt in Palestine.

Constantius was born in Naissus ( modern-day Niš, Serbia ) and was probably a career soldier, who reached the rank of magister militum under Honorius.

So in 411 Constantius, the magister militium ( master of military ) of the western emperor, Flavius Augustus Honorius, with Gothic auxiliaries under Ulfilas, crushed the Gallic rebellion with a siege of Arles.

* 349 – 359: Ursicinus, magister equitum under Constantius

* 359 – 360: Sabinianus, magister equitum under Constantius

* 351 – 361: Flavius Arbitio, magister equitum under Constantius

These Panegyrici are often attributed to Eumenius, magister memoriae ( private secretary ) to Constantius, resulting in the compromise name of pseudo-Eumenius.

Eumenius probably took his place, for it was from Autun that he went to be magister memoriae ( private secretary ) to Constantius Chlorus, whom he accompanied on several of his campaigns.