* Constitution of the Athenians

* 411 Democracy ends in Athens by Antiphon, Peisander, and Phrynichus ( oligarch ), overthrown by Theramenes, Constitution of the 5000, Athenian navy recalls Alcibiades, confirmed by Athenians

According to the Constitution of the Athenians associated with Aristotle, he was later acquitted by bribing the jury.

A final portrayal is offered by Aristotle, who, in his Constitution of the Athenians, portrays Theramenes as a moderate and a model citizen ; historians have disputed the origin of this account, with some treating it as a product of 4th century BC propaganda by a moderate " Theramenean " party, while others, such as Phillip Harding, see no evidence for such a tradition and argue that Aristotle's treatment of Theramenes is entirely a product of his own reassessment of the man.

The discovery of Aristotle's Constitution of the Athenians in 1890 reversed this trend for the broad assessment of Theramenes ' character, and Diodorus ' account of the Arginusae trial has been preferred by scholars since Antony Andrewes undermined Xenophon's account in the 1970s ; Diodorus ' more melodramatic passages, such as his elaborate presentation of Theramenes ' last moments, are still discounted, but he is now preferred on a number of issues, and on the Arginusae trial in particular.

The principal historical sources covering the two are Thucydides in his History of the Peloponnesian War ( VI, 56-59 ) and The Constitution of the Athenians ( XVIII ) attributed to Aristotle or his school, but their story is documented by a great many other ancient writers, such as Herodotus and Plutarch.

Constitution of the Athenians, 4th century BC.

This diagram is based on Aristotle's Constitution of the Athenians.

* Constitution of the Athenians

* Aristotle, Constitution of the Athenians

Old Oligarch: Constitution of the Athenians

In the Constitution of the Athenians ( Athenaion Politeia ), Aristotle uses politeia for eleven states of the Athenian government up to his own time, from the absolute monarchy of Ionia and the tyranny of the Thirty to the democratic Assembly and selection by lot of Pericles's time and his own.

Notably, the Constitution of the Athenians and the Lacedaemonians, long attributed to Xenophon ( another of Socrates ' pupils ), and the Constitution of the Athenians, an apocryphal work attributed Aristotle, have also survived.

The Constitution of the Athenians ( or Athenaiōn Politeia ) was not included in Bekker's edition, because it was first edited in 1891 from papyrus rolls acquired in 1890 by the British Museum.

A facsimile of the papyrus with the text " Constitution of the Athenians " by Aristotle.

The Constitution of the Athenians ( or Athenaion Politeia, or The Athenian constitution ) is the name of either of two texts from Classical antiquity, one probably by Aristotle or a student of his, the other attributed to Xenophon, but not by him.

The Constitution of the Athenians ( in ancient Greek, Athenaion Politeia ) describes the political system of ancient Athens.

# REDIRECT Constitution of the Athenians

# REDIRECT Constitution of the Athenians

# REDIRECT Constitution of the Athenians

# REDIRECT Constitution of the Athenians

* 1936 – Prime Minister of Greece Ioannis Metaxas suspends parliament and the Constitution and establishes the 4th of August Regime.

:: Example 3 ( parliamentary republic ): Chapter II, Article 87, 4th section of the Constitution of Italy states:

All subsequent inaugurations were held on March 4th up until 1933 when the ratification of the Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution changed the inaugural date to January 20th.

The party was also joined by the National Union of Independents ( UNI ) and the African Regroupment Party ( PRA ), which lost their status as political parties following the elections ( the 1977 Constitution limited the number of political parties to three, and PRA and UNI were the parties that came 4th and 5th thus losing their legal status ).

Special orders known as décret-loi, literally " decree-Act ", usually considered an illegal practice under the 3rd and 4th Republic, were finally abolished and replaced by the ordinances under the 1958 Constitution.

On February 1, 2008, Ose formally announced that he would run for California's 4th congressional district seat even though he lived outside the 4th district ( the United States Constitution requires only a person to be a resident of the state where the congressional district is located ).

The 1975 Constitution of the People's Republic of China was promulgated in the midst of the unrest of the Cultural Revolution by the 4th National People's Congress.

It is never mentioned in any constitutional text until the Constitution of the 4th Republic in 1948.

* Leslie Zines, The High Court and the Constitution ( 4th ed., Butterworths, Sydney, 1997 )

* The Irish Constitution ( 4th ed., LexisNexis Butterworth, 2003 ) ISBN 1-85475-895-0

It was that state's basic law from its adoption in 1776 until the Maryland Constitution of 1851 took effect on July 4th of that year.

Proposition 8 then was challenged in federal court on August 4th, 2010 in the Perry v. Schwarzenegger trial, as it was found to have violated the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses of the 14th Amendment of the Federal Constitution.

The caisson paused at 4th street and Constitution Avenue, where 21 Air Force F-15's from Seymour Johnson Air Force Base, North Carolina flew over in missing man formation.

Kelly, The Irish Constitution 4th edn.

* 1772 – King Gustav III completes his coup d ' état by adopting a new Constitution, ending half a century of parliamentary rule in Sweden and installing himself as an enlightened despot.

This Corsican Constitution was the first based on Enlightenment principles and even allowed for female suffrage, something that was granted in other democracies only by the 20th century.

Presidential systems are a notable feature of constitutions in the Americas, including those of the Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Venezuela ; this is generally attributed to the strong influence of the United States in the region, and as the United States Constitution served as an inspiration and model for the Latin American wars of independence of the early 19th century.

On March 16, 2011, the President's Task Force on Puerto Rico's Status issued a third report that reaffirned the legal position adopted by the three previous presidents over nearly a quarter century that Puerto Rico remains today " subject to the Territory Clause of the U. S. Constitution ( see Report at page 26 ), that the territory's long-term economic well-being would be enhanced by an early resolution of the political status problem ( p. 33 ) and devotes most of the report to extensive economic analysis and recommendations.

Walpole always denied that he was " prime minister ", and throughout the 18th century parliamentarians and legal scholars continued to deny that any such position was known to the Constitution.

However, a major issue early in the 20th century was whether the whole Constitution applied to the territories called insular areas by Congress.

* August 21 – The coup d ' état by King Gustav III is completed by adopting a new Constitution, ending half a century of parliamentary rule in Sweden and making him an enlightened despot.

" It was not until the passage of the First Amendment to the Constitution over a century later that religious freedom was enshrined as a fundamental guarantee, but even that document echoes the Toleration Act in its use of the phrase, " free exercise thereof ".

In 1816, more than a quarter century after the Congress had officially submitted the amendment ( and eleven others ) to the state legislatures for consideration, the Massachusetts General Court expressed its desire for an amendment to the Constitution worded almost exactly as it was offered by Congress in 1789.

This is likely a result of the more liberal use of capital letters in legal contexts, which has its roots in the 18th century capitalization of all nouns as is seen in the United States Constitution.

Although Serbian language authorities have recognized the official status for both scripts in contemporary standard Serbian language for more than half of a century now, due to historical reasons, Cyrillic was made the official script of Serbia's administration by the 2006 Constitution.

Mercer is the birthplace of the 19th century painter Samuel Waugh, actor and impresario J C Williamson born here in 1845 ( full name James Cassius Williamson ) as well as musician Trent Reznor, creator of the band Nine Inch Nails, and John Bingham, a drafter of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

According to tradition, this Wendat ( or Huron ) Constitution was initiated by the Attignawantans ( People of the Bear ) and the Attigneenongnahacs ( People of the Cord ), who confederated in the 15th century.

In the century that followed the union of England and Scotland, Ireland gained effective legislative independence from Great Britain through the Constitution of 1782.

This interpretation was originally put across in the work of nineteenth century constitutionalists such as Walter Bagehot, who described the Cabinet as the ' efficient secret ' of the British political system in his book The English Constitution.

The historic Crown of Spain, ( la Corona de España ) with its roots in the Visigothic kingdom from the 5th century and subsequent successor states, is recognized in Title II The Crown, Articles 56 through 65 of the Spanish Constitution of 1978.

The Solonian Constitution was created by Solon in the early 6th century BC.

This was also practiced in Danish before the spelling reform of 1948, and in English during the 18th century ( as in Gulliver's Travels, and most of the original 1787 United States Constitution ).

This meant that the political and judicial elites of the 19th century read the Constitution of Canada in a way that gave the federal parliament extensive powers that essentially made the provinces " subordinate to Ottawa ".

Since the 18th century the Constitution of the national Episcopal Church has permitted the creation of a national Court of Appeal, which would be " solely for the review of the determination of any Court of Review on questions of Doctrine, Faith, or Worship ".

Political movements that evolved in late 18th century, like those connected to the French Revolution and the Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 are among the first documented social movements, although Tilly notes that the British abolitionist movement has " some claim " to be the first social movement ( becoming one between the sugar boycott of 1791 and the second great petition drive of 1806 ).

On the one hand, he had imbibed something of eighteenth century deism from his father and other members of the Derby Philosophical Society and from books like George Combe's immensely popular The Constitution of Man ( 1828 ).

The King held executive authority as absolute ruler from 1661 until the enactment of a liberal Constitution in the early nineteenth century.