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Counterintuitively, the atmospheric temperature dropped to normal levels much more quickly at the larger impact sites than at the smaller sites: at the larger impact sites, temperatures were elevated over a region wide, but dropped back to normal levels within a week of the impact.
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Counterintuitively, using incident angles greater than Brewster's angle yields a higher degree of polarization of the transmitted beam, at the expense of decreased overall transmission.
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Counterintuitively, a search that returns thousands of articles is not guaranteed to be comprehensive.
Counterintuitively, special relativity predicts the opposite.
Counterintuitively, such effects are not precipitated by the sufferer's lack of oxygen or air.
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atmospheric and temperature
Such temperature changes can be quantified using the ideal gas law, or the hydrostatic equation for atmospheric processes.
At that temperature, the vapor pressure of the liquid becomes sufficient to overcome atmospheric pressure and allow bubbles of vapor to form inside the bulk of the liquid.
* Recent ( 2011 ) research by Santer on separating signal and noise in atmospheric temperature changes
Only bromine and mercury are liquids at 0 degrees Celsius ( 32 degrees Fahrenheit ) and normal atmospheric pressure ; caesium and gallium are solids at that temperature, but melt at 28. 4 ° C ( 83. 2 ° F ) and 29. 8 ° C ( 85. 6 ° F ), respectively.
Climate encompasses the statistics of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, precipitation, atmospheric particle count and other meteorological elemental measurements in a given region over long periods.
The accumulation of snow and ice during a glacial period increases the surface albedo, reflecting more of the Sun's energy into space and maintaining a lower atmospheric temperature.
* The small calorie or gram calorie ( symbol: cal ) approximates the energy needed to increase the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 ° C at standard atmospheric pressure ().
The energy needed to increase the temperature of a given mass of water by 1 ° C at atmospheric pressure depends on the starting temperature and is difficult to measure precisely.
This technique is also very useful for compounds which boil beyond their decomposition temperature at atmospheric pressure and which would therefore be decomposed by any attempt to boil them under atmospheric pressure.
* Climatotherapy: Treatment which exploits local climatic features such as temperature, humidity, sunshine, barometric pressure and special atmospheric constituents
The Gaia hypothesis states that there is an emergent feedback loop generated by the metabolism of living organisms that maintains the temperature of the Earth and atmospheric conditions within a narrow self-regulating range of tolerance.
When a system, for example, n moles of a gas of volume V at pressure p and temperature T, is created or brought to its present state from absolute zero, energy must be supplied equal to its internal energy U plus pV, where pV is the work done in pushing against the ambient ( atmospheric ) pressure.
All this meant that a more constant temperature could be maintained in the cylinder and that engine efficiency no longer varied according to atmospheric conditions.
The speed represented by Mach 1 is not a constant ; for example, it is mostly dependent on temperature and atmospheric composition and largely independent of pressure.
In this early work, TTAPS carried out the first estimates of the total smoke and dust emissions that would result from a major nuclear exchange, and determined quantitatively the subsequent effects on the atmospheric radiation balance and temperature structure.
The atmospheric pressure boiling point of a liquid ( also known as the normal boiling point ) is the temperature at which the vapor pressure equals the ambient atmospheric pressure.
With any incremental increase in that temperature, the vapor pressure becomes sufficient to overcome atmospheric pressure and lift the liquid to form vapor bubbles inside the bulk of the substance.
Bubble formation deeper in the liquid requires a higher pressure, and therefore higher temperature, because the fluid pressure increases above the atmospheric pressure as the depth increases.
It was soon found that replacing the lanthanum with yttrium ( i. e., making YBCO ) raised the critical temperature to 92 K, which was important because liquid nitrogen could then be used as a refrigerant ( the boiling point of nitrogen is 77 K at atmospheric pressure ).
* Douglass, D. H., B. D. Pearson, and S. F. Singer ( 2004 ), Altitude dependence of atmospheric temperature trends: Climate models versus observation, Geophys.
atmospheric and dropped
After the munition is dropped or fired, the first explosive charge bursts open the container at a predetermined height and disperses the fuel in a cloud that mixes with atmospheric oxygen ( the size of the cloud varies with the size of the munition ).
In Area 9, the " Hood " test on 5 July 1957, part of Operation Plumbbob, was the largest atmospheric test ever conducted within the continental United States ; nearly five times larger in yield than the bomb dropped on Hiroshima.
For analytical SFE, the pressure is usually dropped to atmospheric, and the now gaseous carbon dioxide bubbled through a solvent to trap the precipitated components.
atmospheric and normal
The normal boiling point ( also called the atmospheric boiling point or the atmospheric pressure boiling point ) of a liquid is the special case in which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the defined atmospheric pressure at sea level, 1 atmosphere.
A special case is the normal boiling point, where the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the ambient atmospheric pressure.
The molar volume of any gas at 0 ° C and under normal atmospheric pressure is very nearly 22. 4 liters.
The pressures encountered at the areas where the water is heated makes the boiling point of the water much higher than at normal atmospheric pressures.
The noble gases argon, krypton, and xenon are more narcotic than nitrogen at a given pressure, and xenon has so much anesthetic activity that it is actually a usable anesthetic at 80 % concentration and normal atmospheric pressure.
It would use a high mass-flow nitrogen coolant near normal atmospheric pressures.
The atmospheric pressure boiling point of a liquid ( also known as the normal boiling point ) is the temperature at which the vapor pressure equals the ambient atmospheric pressure.
At the other end of the scale, helium does not freeze at all at normal pressure, even at temperatures very close to absolute zero ; pressures over 20 times normal atmospheric pressure are necessary.
Solid carbon dioxide has no liquid phase at normal atmospheric pressure, and sublimes directly from the solid to vapor phase at a temperature of-78. 5 ° C (- 109. 3 ° F ), and is effective for maintaining products at low temperatures during sublimation.
In meteorology, an inversion is a deviation from the normal change of an atmospheric property with altitude.
They find that the atmosphere has become depressurized to a few thousandths of normal atmospheric pressure.
During synthesis zirconium oxide would naturally form monoclinic crystals, its stable form under normal atmospheric conditions.
While it is normal for guinea pigs to sneeze periodically, frequent sneezing may be a symptom of pneumonia, especially in response to atmospheric changes.
Since normal microbial culturing occurs in atmospheric air, which is an aerobic environment, the culturing of anaerobes poses a problem.
A submarine torpedo tube is a more complex mechanism than a torpedo tube on a surface ship, because the tube has to accomplish the function of moving the torpedo from the normal atmospheric pressure within the submarine into the sea at the ambient pressure of the water around the submarine.
Given normal atmospheric conditions, the temperature, and thus speed of sound, varies with altitude:
0.960 seconds.