The Tax Court decision and a similar earlier finding by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals challenges a year-old I.R.S. ruling on the subject.

In that case, the Court held that challenges to a state's republican character are non-justiciable political questions, and that the decision of whether a state is " republican " in conformance with the guarantee clause may be decided only by Congress.

In the 20th century, complex economic challenges arising from the Great Depression triggered a reevaluation in both Congress and the Supreme Court of the use of Commerce Clause powers to maintain a strong national economy.

Washington privately contributed substantial funds for legal challenges to segregation and disfranchisement, such as the case of Giles v. Harris, which went before the United States Supreme Court in 1903.

While legal challenges also dogged COPA's successor, the Children's Internet Protection Act ( CIPA ) of 2000, the Supreme Court upheld it as constitutional in 2004.

The Supreme Court fashioned a two-part test for assessing ripeness challenges to federal regulations.

The 2000 case of Bush v. Gore, in which a majority of the Supreme Court, including some appointees of President George H. W. Bush, overruled challenges to the election of the George W. Bush then pending in the Florida Supreme Court, whose members had all been appointed by Democratic governors, is seen by many as reinforcing the need for judicial independence, both with regard to the Florida Supreme Court and the US Supreme Court.

2389, was introduced in Congress in 2005 which, if enacted into law, would have stripped the Supreme Court and most federal courts of the power to consider any legal challenges to government requiring or promoting of the Pledge of Allegiance.

In 2011, Court 17 was opened as a fourth show court, with large television screens and electronic line calling which allows player challenges.

Court challenges to the 1974 annexation continued until November 1981, when the township was ordered to surrender the annexed property.

Conservation of tigers and their prey species faces challenges from the need for income, lack of awareness, and lack of land use policy in landscapes having Tiger Reserves. On 24 July 2012, the Supereme court coming heavily on several defaulting States for not having notified buffer zones as directed earlier by the Court, directed that there should be no tourisim activity in the core region of a tiger reserve across the country.

Fearing the possibility of Speedo-clad race winners being stripped of medals due to challenges, the Australian Olympic Committee ( AOC ) asked the Court of Arbitration for Sport to examine the legality of the FINA-sanctioned suits.

Court challenges have usually failed to uphold more restrictive council by-laws.

The challenges to Christian opening and closing exercises occurred mainly in Ontario with the crucial case being fought in The Ontario Court of Appeal in 1988.

After receiving such a negative verdict, Rossi declined to appeal to the State Supreme Court, claiming that the political makeup of the Court would make it impossible for him to win, thereby ending all legal challenges to the election of Gregoire as the Governor of Washington.

For example, challenges against immigration-related decisions are often brought against an officer of the Commonwealth within the original jurisdiction of the High Court.

Several major challenges to the National Industrial Recovery Act — considered the cornerstone of the New Deal — were reaching the Supreme Court, and Reed was forced to drop the appeals because the Office of the Solicitor General was unprepared to argue them.

The refusal of the Court to hear the challenges to the lower court decision effectively overturned the earlier 1971 Swann ruling.

Court challenges have been more successful: Many of the key provisions of the initial language legislation having been rewritten to comply with rulings.

This formula specifically applies to amendments related to the proportionate representation in Parliament, powers, selection, and composition of the Senate, the Supreme Court and the addition of provinces or territories.

In the case of an amendment related to the Office of the Queen, the use of either official language ( subject to section 43 ), the amending formula itself, or the composition of the Supreme Court, the amendment must be adopted by unanimous consent of all the provinces in accordance with section 41.

The constitution designates the Supreme Court, the High Courts and the lower courts as the authority to resolve disputes among the people as well as the disputes related to the people and the government.

Oviedo became the Colorado candidate for president in the 1998 election, but when the Supreme Court of Paraguay upheld in April his conviction on charges related to the 1996 coup attempt, he was not allowed to run and remained in confinement.

During its first year of business the Court issued three advisory opinions, all related to the International Labour Organisation created by the Treaty of Versailles, and collectively grouped into the International Labour Organisation Questions.

In Buckley v. Valeo,, the Supreme Court affirmed the constitutionality of some parts, while declaring other parts unconstitutional, of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 and related laws.

The Supreme Court upheld provisions which barred the raising of soft money by national parties and the use of soft money by private organizations to fund certain advertisements related to elections.

The Supreme Court did not hear a case related to the rule, which was abolished in 1844.

At the time more than 90 percent of applications were deemed inadmissible, and 60 percent of decision by the Court related to what is termed repetitive cases, where the Court has already delivered judgement finding a violation of the European Convention on Human Rights or where well established case law exists.

The Court of Justice of the European Union ( ECJ ) is not related to the European Court of Human Rights.

Brandenburg is now the standard applied by the Court to free speech issues related to advocacy of violence.

Pecorelli's assassination has been thought to be directly related to Giulio Andreotti, who was first condemned to 24 years of prison for homicide in 2002 and finally acquitted by the Supreme Court of Cassation in 2003.

In 1969, the United States Supreme Court ruling in Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District affirmed students ' rights to free expression in public schools, although this related to the wearing of a black armband ( not to uniforms as such ).

But, as DOI was implementing new regulations related to land trusts, the agency asked the Court to remand the case to the lower court, to be reconsidered with the decision to be based on the new regulations.

In July 2006, under Division 12A of Part VII of the Family Law Act, the Court implemented its model for ' less adversarial trials ' - to be applied to all new child related proceedings in the Family Court, without the need for consent of the parties.

On June 28, 2010, the United States Supreme Court unanimously turned away a broad challenge to the law, but ruled 5 – 4 that a section related to appointments violates the Constitution's separation of powers mandate.

The NAACP had been waging a systematic legal fight against the " separate but equal " doctrine enunciated in Plessy v. Ferguson ( 1896 ) and finally had challenged Plessy in a series of five related cases, which had been argued before the Court in the spring of 1953.

Its founding was related to a legal protest by a moonshiner, who claimed that the Logan County Court that had found him guilty did not have jurisdiction over his case, because his still was actually located in Lincoln County.

However, none of the special acts related to the Newport Court House District ever designated Newport as the county seat.

Only eight days earlier, the United States Supreme Court had unanimously decided the closely related case of Bush v. Palm Beach County Canvassing Board,, and only three days earlier, had preliminarily halted the recount that was occurring in Florida.

However, none of the special acts related to the Newport Court House District ever designated Newport as the county seat.

However, this Court put to one side without consideration the Government's appeal from the dismissal of its Sherman Act allegations.

`` By one fell swoop the Court now finds that Congress indulged in needless legislation in the acts of 1910, 1913, 1925, 1934 and 1937.

The Court said the purpose of the section was principally to spare the Government the embarrassment and trouble of dealing with several parties, one of them a stranger to the claim, and to prevent traffic in claims, particularly tenuous claims, against the Government.

On the one hand do we argue the Supreme Court decision required only that a child not be denied admission to a school on account of his race??

The struggle was resolved in 1819 in the Supreme Court in one of the most intriguing cases in our judicial history.

Johnson is one of only four presidents who did not appoint a justice to serve on the Supreme Court.

Johnson appointed one judge to the United States Court of Claims, Samuel Milligan, who served from 1868 to 1874.

* On Strike ( Court Theatre, 1873, a domestic drama in one act ) ;

Then, in a virtually unprecedented move, the Court invited William T. Coleman, Jr. to argue the government's position in an amicus curiae brief, thus ensuring that the prosecution's position would be the one the Court wished to hear.

A 1824 landmark U. S. Supreme Court ruling overturned a New York State-granted monopoly (" a veritable model of state munificence " facilitated by one of the Founding Fathers, Robert R. Livingston ) for the then-revolutionary technology of steamboats.

In the United States, the power of the federal judiciary to review and invalidate unconstitutional acts of the federal executive branch is stated in the constitution, Article III sections 1 and 2: " The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.

Patasse has been found guilty of major crimes in Bangui and CAR has brought a case to the International Criminal Court against him and Jean Pierre Bemba from the neighbouring Democratic Republic of Congo accusing them both of multiple crimes in suppressing one of the mutinies against Patasse.

In 1507, she also held the position of Ambassador for the Spanish Court in England when her father found himself without one, becoming the first female ambassador in European history.

Court rulings have determined that this permits a court in one province to include residents of other provinces in the class action on an " opt-out " basis.

They had one son, Charles Evans Hughes, Jr. and three daughters, one of whom was Elizabeth Hughes Gossett, one of the first humans injected with insulin, and who later served as president of the Supreme Court Historical Society.

The Canadian dominatrix Terri-Jean Bedford, who was one of three women who initiated an application in the Ontario Superior Court seeking invalidation of Canada's laws regarding brothels, sought to differentiate for clarity her occupation as a dominatrix rather than a prostitute to the media, due to frequent misunderstanding and conflation by the public of the two terms.

De Forest ultimately won before the Supreme Court in 1934 on technical grounds, but most sources regard Armstrong's claim as the stronger one.

* 1963 – The European Court of Justice's ruling in Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen establishes the principle of direct effect, one of the most important, if not the most important, decisions in the development of European Union law.

If an application is denied by one judge of the FISC, the federal government is not allowed to make the same application to a different judge of the court, but must appeal to the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review.

If a Federal Court has subject matter jurisdiction over one or more of the claims in a case, it has discretion to exercise ancillary jurisdiction over other State Law claims.

When the Court renders its decision, it will generally do so in a single majority opinion and one or more dissenting opinions.

The Spanish manuscript also contains a preface by one assuming the pseudonym ' Fra Marino ', claiming to have stolen a copy of the Italian version from the library of Pope Sixtus V. Fra Marino reports that, having a post in the Inquisition Court, he had come into possession of several works, which led him to believe that the Biblical text had been corrupted, and that genuine apostolic texts had been improperly excluded.