Criticism is as old as literary art and we can set the stage for our study of three moderns if we see how certain critics in the past have dealt with the ethical aspects of literature.

Criticism from a variety of fronts has challenged the notion that academic study can examine memes empirically.

Criticism, most notably made by Richard Lewontin and Stephen Jay Gould, centered on sociobiology's contention that genes play an ultimate role in human behavior and that traits such as aggressiveness can be explained by biology rather than a person's social environment.

This tension can help introduce readers to readerly and writerly interpretations, to tenets of New Criticism, and critical tools from Freudian analysis, such as sublimation, in approaching literary works.

The thought behind Marxist Criticism is that works of literature are mere products of history that can be analysed by looking at the social and material conditions in which they were constructed.

( Time, 23 March 1987, " Farewell Dark Prince ") However, he has been quoted saying that ; " I really resent being depicted as some sort of dark mystic or some demonic power .... All I can do is sit down and talk to someone ...." ( The New York Times, 4 December 1977, Jackson Aide Stirs Criticism in Arms Debate, Richard L. Madden )

Criticism for this theory stems from the fact that it ignores the fact that consumers themselves can seek ways to assure the quality of a car and that a used-car salesperson may work to maintain his reputation rather than pass off a " lemon ".

Criticism can be:

Criticism as an evaluative or corrective exercise can occur in any area of human life.

Criticism can wreak havoc, and therefore people have to know how to handle it from both ends.

Criticism is not necessarily feedback, because it can be both the initiative of a " feed " and the response of a " feed-back ".

Criticism can " press all the wrong buttons.

Criticism can cause harm as well as good things.

Criticism can hurt or offend people.

On the Kercopian Literary Criticism in the Slovenian Literary Field ), written with a rare combination of fine irony and piercing analytical style, on drastically unrefexive criticism in Slovenian literature she has shown how important it is for a critic to be disposable and open to the artistic work and at the same time able to produce analytical distances in relation to the work read and evaluated, and in the next step to compound both experiences into a certain perspective, which can come out as his / her own distinctive approach and a singular way of seeing things and works of art.

Criticism of Israel can not and should not be equated with anti-semitism.

Criticism of human disregard for the environment can be found in " Lazenca, Save Us " and " The World We Made ," which creates musical contrasts between a pleasant, natural world and a terrifying, industrial, human-influenced world.

* Further information about Ong's thought can be found in The Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory and Criticism ( 1st ed.

A number of Borsodi's texts can be found in the Social Criticism section of the Soil and Health Online Library.

Pace can be varied in iambic pentameter, as it cannot in four-beat, as Alexander Pope demonstrated in his “ An Essay on Criticism ”:

Criticism of the government and its leaders is strictly curtailed and making such statements can be cause for arrest and consignment to one of North Korea's " re-education " camps.

Criticism related to violations of civil liberties and due process include the fact that allegations are vague and general, key terms are not defined, precise allegations do not exist or are not disclosed, the low order of proof effectively reverses the burden of proof so that the named person has to prove his innocence, the lack of disclosure of information in the file, the fact that information provided to the court can include hearsay and is known to have included information produced under torture, the fact that evidence has been tainted by destruction of evidence by CSIS, and the lack of appeal.

Criticism was aimed at Feherty for this suggestive comment about House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Senate Leader Harry Reid: From my own experience visiting the troops in the Middle East, I can tell you this, though: despite how the conflict has been portrayed by our glorious media, if you gave any U. S. soldier a gun with two bullets in it, and he found himself in an elevator with Nancy Pelosi, Harry Reid, and Osama bin Laden, there's a good chance that Nancy Pelosi would get shot twice, and Harry Reid and bin Laden would be strangled to death.

Criticism of communism can be divided into two broad categories: those concerning themselves with the practical aspects of 20th century Communist states, and those concerning themselves with communist principles and theory.

After that success, Pope wrote some works that were more philosophical and more political and therefore more controversial, such as the Essay on Criticism and Essay on Man, as well as a failed play.

Criticism of the game stemmed from its being easier to play and therefore less realistic than its predecessor.

Criticism of this government over its immigration policy is simply waived away ; only when they have to pay money will they sit up and take notice.

Criticism from Russia, a country held to be in violation of the Convention by the Court in many decisions, is frequent.

Criticism from authors in the Lost Cause movement attacked Longstreet's war career for many years after his death.

Criticism was levelled against the paraffin method used by the Yugoslavs and Belarusians to test for powder residue on the victims ' hands, since it regularly gives false positives because of many other substances, including fertilizers, tobacco, urine and cosmetics, and even provides false negatives on occasion.

Criticism was less severe in Europe and Asia though many commentators were not as lavish with their praise as they had been with previous Kitano films.

Criticism of MARTA has originated from many different groups.

Still, Ransom's former students, specifically Allen Tate, Cleanth Brooks, and Robert Penn Warren, had a greater hand in developing many of the key concepts ( like " close reading ") that later came to define the New Criticism.

Marcion claimed to find problems in the Old Testament ; problems which many modern thinkers cite today ( see Criticism of the Bible and Biblical law in Christianity ), especially its alleged approval of atrocities and genocide.

Criticism of the Eleven Plus arose on a number of grounds, though many related more to the wider education system than to academic selection generally or the Eleven Plus specifically.

It first appeared in Essays in Criticism at Oxford some years ago, and was in part, I believe, an answer to an essay written many years ago, about twenty at least, by a friend of mine, Monroe Beardsley, and myself, called ' The Intentional Fallacy.

Although Graves's work is widely discounted by academics as pseudohistory ( see The White Goddess # Criticism and The Greek Myths # Reception ), it continues to have a lasting influence on many areas of Neopaganism.

In 1935, he wrote “ History versus Criticism in the Study of Literature ” ( published in English Journal 24: 645-67 ), in which he defined literary criticism as “ simply the disciplined consideration, at once analytical and evaluative, of literary works as works of art .” Crane was greatly influenced by Richard McKeon, a professor of philosophy at the University, who stressed Aristotle ’ s idea of ‘ pluralism ,’ which says that many systems of criticism are necessary to completely understand literature, specifically poetry, or in the case of philosophy, the world.

Criticism also came from the governments of many countries, notably from many on the United Nations Security Council, who argued that the war broke international law.

As with many older terminologies, there are modern readers who find it objectionable or stereotypical to describe musical ideas in gendered terms ( see Criticism and sonata form ).

Criticism of Nathan-Turner's production of Doctor Who ranged from including too many back-references to the casting of guest stars from light entertainment.

Criticism includes the deletion or removal of articles that are many times worthy of publication but were not edited to a level high enough according to senior editor's policies.

For many common criticisms of development aid, see Criticism of Aid.

He is the author of many books on film, including Film: The Front Line 1983 ( 1983 ), Placing Movies: The Practice of Film Criticism ( 1995 ), Moving Places: A Life at the Movies ( 1980 ; reprint 1995 ), Movies as Politics ( 1997 ) and Essential Cinema ( 2004 ).

Criticism also came from other sociologists, such as the German Max Weber, who whilst admiring Marx, disagreed with many of his assumptions on the nature of society.

In 1942, in " The Frontier and American Institutions: A Criticism of the Turner Thesis ," Professor George Wilson Pierson debated the validity of the Turner thesis, stating that many factors influenced American culture besides the looming frontier.

As with many concepts of New Criticism, the concept of the affective fallacy was both controversial and, though widely influential, never accepted wholly by any great number of critics.

Despite the formal innovations of Modernism as exemplified in the work of T. S. Eliot and Ezra Pound, and the widespread appearance of free verse in the early decades of the 20th century, many poets chose to continue working predominantly in traditional forms, such as those poets in America sometimes associated with the New Criticism, including John Crowe Ransom, Allen Tate, Anthony Hecht, and Richard Wilbur.

Also while he was at LSU, many of his colleagues were influenced by the school of New Criticism.