The first event in West Saxon history, the date of which can be regarded as reasonably certain, is the baptism of Cynegils, which occurred in the late 630s, perhaps as late as 640.

Although Oswald had one known son, Æthelwald, it is uncertain whether this was a son from his marriage to Cynegils ' daughter or from an earlier relationship — since Æthelwald began ruling in Deira in 651, it has been argued that a son from this marriage would have been too young at the time to be trusted with this position, and therefore may have been older, the product of a relationship Oswald had during his exile.

The genealogies do not agree on Cynegils ' pedigree: his father is variously given as Ceola, Ceolwulf, Ceol, Cuthwine, Cutha or Cuthwulf.

It is in Cynegils ' reign that the first event in West Saxon history that can be dated with reasonable certainty occurs: the baptism of Cynegils by Birinus, which happened at the end of the 630s, perhaps in 640.

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle offers several ancestries for Cynegils, and the relationship of Cynegils and Cenwealh to later kings is less than certain.

Although Cynegils is said to have been a convert to Christianity, Bede writes that Cenwealh: refused to embrace the mysteries of the faith, and of the heavenly kingdom ; and not long after also he lost the dominion of his earthly kingdom ; for he put away the sister of Penda, king of the Mercians, whom he had married, and took another wife ; whereupon a war ensuing, he was by him expelled his kingdom ...

If this is same Cuthred whose death is reported circa 661, then he was perhaps a son of King Cwichelm or a grandson of Cynegils, if indeed King Cwichelm was not also a son of Cynegils.

Cynegils is traditionally considered to have been King of Wessex, but the familiar kingdoms of the so-called Heptarchy had not yet formed from the patchwork of smaller kingdoms in his lifetime.

The later kingdom of Wessex was centred on the counties of Hampshire, Dorset, Somerset, and Wiltshire, but the evidence of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is that the kingdom of Cynegils was located on the upper River Thames, extending into northern Wiltshire and Somerset, southern Gloucestershire and Oxfordshire, and western Berkshire, with Dorchester-on-Thames as one the major royal sites.

Cynegils and Cwichelm appear to have been subject to Edwin of Northumbria by this time, paying an enormous tribute of a hundred thousand hides if Nick Higham's conception of the Tribal Hidage's origins is correct.

The date of Cynegils ' death is not certainly known.

As well as Cenwalh, and the daughter who married Oswald, Cynegils is said to have had a son named Cwichelm, who may or may not be the same person as the king associated with Cynegils.

It is said that King Centwine was a son of Cynegils, but there is strong circumstantial evidence that this identification was a later invention.

Cwichelm is first mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 614: " This year Cynegils and Cwichelm fought at Beandun ), and slew two thousand and forty-six of the Welsh.

The relationship of Cwichelm to Cynegils, and the question of whether King Cwichelm was a son of Cynegils is disputed.

If the 648 entry originally referred to Cuthred, son of Cwichelm, son of Cynegils, the use of the Latin term propinquus ( relation, kinsman ) rather than nepos ( grandson, nephew ) is perhaps surprising.

Several of the sources give Cynegils a brother named Ceolwald, described as the grandfather of King Ine.

In the 630s, Birinus became the " apostle to the West Saxons " and converted Wessex, whose first Christian king was Cynegils.

Oswald seems to have been on good terms with the West Saxons: he stood as sponsor to the baptism of their king, Cynegils, and married Cynegils ' daughter.

This was the first conversion to Christianity by a West Saxon king, but it was not accompanied by the immediate conversion of all the West Saxons: Cynegils ' successor ( and probably his son ), Cenwealh, who came to the throne in about 642, was a pagan at his accession.

It was later the scene of the Battle of Cirencester, this time between the Mercian king Penda and the West Saxon kings Cynegils and Cwichelm in 628.

The church at Bicester was founded as a minster perhaps in the mid seventh century after St Birinus converted Cynegils King of the West Saxons after their meeting near Blewbury.

Bede records that the attempted assassination of King Edwin of Deira, c. 626, was ordered by the West Saxon King Cwichelm, and does not mention Cynegils.

In 635, he persuaded the West Saxon king Cynegils to allow him to preach.

Cenwalh's repudiation of Penda's sister therefore followed fairly closely upon Penda's killing of Oswald of Northumbria at Maserfeld in 642, Oswald being the godfather of Cynegils, and husband of Cenwalh's sister Cyneburh, and thus the protector of Cynegils's line in Wessex.

Bede states that Cenwealh was the son of the King Cynegils baptised by Bishop Birinus. He was also the Great-great grandson of Cerdic.

Cynegils was the son of Ceol, Ceol of Cutha, Cutha of Cynric.

Some historians presume Cwichelm to have been a son of Cynegils.

This mission appears to have made little long-term impact as Cynegils ' son Cenwalh was not baptised until 646, according to the Chronicle, after having been driven from his kingdom by Penda.

The Chronicle's version of his ancestry makes Centwine a son of King Cynegils, and thus a brother of King Cenwalh and King Cwichelm, but Aldhelm does not record any such relationship.

He became king upon the death of his brother Ceol, because at that time Ceol's son Cynegils was too young to rule.

Six years later, in about 594, Ceol was succeeded by a brother, Ceolwulf, who was succeeded in his turn in about 617 by Cynegils.

It appears that Cynegils became king on the death of King Ceolwulf c. 611.

Upon his death the throne passed to his brother Ceolwulf, because his son Cynegils was presumably too young to inherit the throne, so it was given to the brother, as was probably the custom among the Saxons.

Ceol was the founding member of a sub-house of the House of Wessex which would rule Wessex from 591-645, 648-674 and from 676-685, comprising Ceol, Ceolwulf, Cynegils, Cenwalh, Seaxburh and Centwine.

Wessex almost certainly lost this territory to Penda of Mercia in 628, when the Chronicle records that " Cynegils and Cwichelm fought against Penda at Cirencester and then came to an agreement.

Records survive of the baptism of other kings at this time — Cynegils of Wessex was baptized in about 640, for example, and Edwin of Northumbria was converted in the mid 620s.

In old Germanic peoples the word for " hostage " ( gīsl and similar ) sometimes occurred as part of a man's name: Ēadgils, Cynegils, Gīslheard, Gīslbeorht, etc.

King Cynegils of Wessex gave Dorchester to Birinus as the seat of a new Diocese of Dorchester under a Bishop of Dorchester ; the diocese was extremely large, and covered most of Wessex and Mercia.

Cynegils was King of Wessex from c. 611 to c. 643.

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The historical accuracy and dating of many of the events in the later Anglo-Saxon Chronicle have been called into question, and his reign is variously listed as lasting seven, seventeen, or thirty-two years.

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