The term " total DDT " is often used to refer to the sum of all DDT related compounds ( p, p '- DDT, o, p '- DDT, DDE, and DDD ) in a sample.

Degradation of DDT to form DDE ( by elimination of HCl, left ) and DDD ( by reductive dechlorination, right )

DDT, DDE, and DDD magnify through the food chain, with apex predators such as raptor birds concentrating more chemicals than other animals in the same environment.

DDT, through its metabolite DDE, caused eggshell thinning and resulted in severe population declines in multiple North American and European bird of prey species.

Birds of prey, waterfowl, and song birds are more susceptible to eggshell thinning than chickens and related species, and DDE appears to be more potent than DDT.

Some studies show that although DDE levels have fallen dramatically, eggshell thickness remains 10 – 12 percent thinner than before DDT was first used.

It is an endocrine disruptor ; The DDT metabolite DDE acts as an antiandrogen ( but not as an estrogen ).

However the degradation products of some pollutants are themselves polluting such as the products DDE and DDD produced from degradation of DDT.

Animal studies with vinclozolin, procymidone, linuron, and the DDT metabolite dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene ( p. p ’- DDE ) show irregular reproductive development due to their function as androgen receptor antagonists that inhibit androgen-activated gene expression.

A study of the eggs of Dutch Eurasian Sparrowhawks found that contamination with Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene ( DDE ) – a " very persistent compound " produced when DDT breaks down – continued into the 1980s, though a decline in the number of clutches with broken eggs during the 1970s suggested decreasing levels of the chemical.

These include the o, p ' and p, p ' isomers of DDT, DDE, DDD, and a substance called extra-chlorine DDT or Cl-DDT

< tr >< td > DDT / DDE / DDD ( sum )</ td >< td >- </ td >< td >- </ td >< td > 0. 004 ng / L </ td >< td > 0. 01 </ td ></ tr >

In this area, since 1947, large amounts of DDTR ( DDT ( dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane ), DDD, and DDE ) flowed through waterways from the DDT manufacturing site located on the Redstone Arsenal near Huntsville, Alabama down to the habitat area of M. grisescens, where heavycontamination of the local biota has occurred .< ref > Bagley, F. M., D. R.

For example, guano from Cave Springs cave shows a decline of 41 % in DDE ( a compound related to DDT ) between 1976 and 1985 and guano from Key Cave shows a decline of 67 % for the same time period.

( 1994 ) concluded that although biomagnification is probably more limited in occurrence than previously thought, there is good evidence that DDT, DDE, PCBs, toxaphene, and the organic forms of mercury and arsenic do biomagnify in nature.

Insects with certain mutations in their sodium channel gene are resistant to DDT and other similar insecticides.

Ciba Geigy DDT ; " Destroys parasites such as fleas, lice, ants, bedbugs, cockroaches, flies, etc .. Néocide Sprinkle caches of vermin and the places where there are insects and their places of passage.

Due to hydrophobic properties, in aquatic ecosystems DDT and its metabolites are absorbed by aquatic organisms and adsorbed on suspended particles, leaving little DDT dissolved in the water itself.

DDT and its breakdown products are transported from warmer regions of the world to the Arctic by the phenomenon of global distillation, where they then accumulate in the region's food web.

" Roger Bate asserts, " many countries have been coming under pressure from international health and environment agencies to give up DDT or face losing aid grants: Belize and Bolivia are on record admitting they gave in to pressure on this issue from.

When John Stossel accused USAID of not funding DDT because it wasn't " politically correct ," Anne Peterson, the agency's assistant administrator for global health, replied that " I believe that the strategies we are using are as effective as spraying with DDT ...

Advocates of increased use of DDT in IRS claim that alternative insecticides are more expensive, more toxic, or not as effective.

Organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, e. g. malathion and bendiocarb, respectively, are more expensive than DDT per kilogram and are applied at roughly the same dosage.

Pyrethroids such as deltamethrin are also more expensive than DDT, but are applied more sparingly ( 0. 02-0. 3 g / m < sup > 2 </ sup > vs 1-2 g / m < sup > 2 </ sup >), so the net cost per house is about the same over 6 months.

shrinkage of the Aral Sea is resulting in growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts ; these substances are then blown from the increasingly exposed lake bed and contribute to desertification ; water pollution from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides is the cause of many human health disorders ; increasing soil salination ; soil contamination from agricultural chemicals, including DDT

Using the DDT and the Windows API ( known as SDK style as in Microsoft Windows SDK ) are not mutually exclusive.

Polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCB ) and the herbicide DDT are immunosuppressants.

The most common pesticides found on spinach are permethrin, dimethoate, and DDT.

In the UK, fulmar are noted as a common prey species and may contribute to locally high levels of DDT and PCB chemicals in nesting eagles.

In North America, there are potential threats from pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs ) and pesticides such as DDT which cause reduced reproductive success due to egg sterility and eggshell thinning.

However, a study in Thailand found the cost per malaria case prevented of DDT spraying ($ 1. 87 US ) to be 21 % greater than the cost per case prevented of lambda-cyhalothrin – treated nets ($ 1. 54 US ), at very least casting some doubt on the unexamined assumption that DDT was the most cost-effective measure to use in all cases.

PIP with a very low baud rate ( because it had no built-in error correction ) could be used to transfer a small simple version of Kermit from one machine to another over a null modem cable, or failing that, a very very simple version of the Kermit protocol could be hand coded in binary in less than 2K using DDT, the CP / M Dynamic Debugging Tool.

With the possible exception of widespread DDT use in the Soviet Union, attempts to limit the population or distribution of disease-causing ticks have been very unsuccessful.

Valveless designs typically rely on abnormalities in the air flow to ensure a one-way flow, and are very hard to achieve in a regular DDT.

The use of pesticide, like DDT, has also led to elimination of the Tunga penetrans, but this control / prevention strategy should be utilized very carefully, if at all, because of the possible side effects such pesticides can have on the greater biosphere.

While other species gradually gained resistance to DDT and other insecticides that were used, T. penetrans did not ; as a result, incidences of tungiasis in Mexico are very low when compared to the rest of Latin America, especially Brazil, where rates in poor areas have been known to be as high or higher than 50 %.

DDT resistant mosquitoes have generally proved susceptible to pyrethroids.

The large scale use of insecticides in agricultural crops effectively controlled the pest until it became resistant to DDT in the 1950s.

Individuals with elevated levels of persistent organic pollutants ( DDT, dioxins, PCBs and Chlordane, among others ) in their body were found to be up to 38 times more likely to be insulin resistant than individuals with low levels of these pollutants, though the study did not demonstrate a cause and effect relationship.

soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT ; energy blockade, the result of conflict with Azerbaijan, has led to deforestation when citizens scavenged for firewood ; pollution of Hrazdan ( Razdan ) and Araks Rivers ; the draining of Sevana Lich ( Lake Sevan ), a result of its use as a source for hydropower, threatens drinking water supplies ; restart of Metsamor nuclear power plant without adequate ( IAEA-recommended ) safety and backup systems

Commercial product ( Powder box, 50 g ) containing 10 % DDT ; Néocide.

The two cost-effectiveness estimates of DDT residual spraying examined were not found to provide an accurate estimate of the cost-effectiveness of DDT spraying ; furthermore, the resulting estimates may not be good predictors of cost-effectiveness in current programs.

; Politics and DDT

; Malaria and DDT

Egg collection is no longer popular ; however historic museum collections have been of value in determining the effects of pesticides such as DDT on physiology.

Birds include Osprey, Great Blue Heron, Bald Eagle and Peregrine Falcon, the last two of which were threatened by DDT ; their numbers plummeted but have risen in recent years.

According to the The Dedalus Book of Absinthe by Phil Baker, it was made by combining gin with a pinch of DDT ( also known as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane ), an insecticide that would later be banned in most countries ; consumers of this concoction claimed that its effects were similar to absinthe.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the main threats to Osprey populations were egg collectors and hunting of the adults along with other birds of prey, but Osprey populations declined drastically in many areas in the 1950s and 1960s ; this appeared to be in part due to the toxic effects of insecticides such as DDT on reproduction.

Seabirds, being apex predators, suffered from the ravages of DDT until it was banned ; among other effects, DDT was implicated in embryo development problems and the skewed sex ratio of Western Gulls in southern California.

* 1970-Peregrine Falcon listed as an Endangered Species in the U. S., due primarily to the use of DDT as a pesticide ( 35 Federal Register 8495 ; June 2, 1970 ).

Other tasks included work with camouflage ; canteen disinfectants ; DDT to control malaria ; and insulation for small electronics.