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DSP processor ICs are found in every type of modern electronic systems and products including, SDTV | HDTV sets, radios and mobile communication devices, Hi-Fi audio equipments, Dolby noise reduction algorithms, GSM mobile phones, mp3 multimedia players, camcorders and digital cameras, automobile control systems, noise cancelling headphones, digital spectrum analyzers, intelligent missile guidance, radar, GPS based cruise control systems and all kinds of image processing, video processing, audio processing and speech processing systems.
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DSP and processor
DSP algorithms have long been run on standard computers, on specialized processors called digital signal processor on purpose-built hardware such as application-specific integrated circuit ( ASICs ).
Also a growing number of DSP applications are now being implemented on Embedded Systems using powerful PCs with a Multi-core processor.
* Digital signal processor ( DSP )
A digital signal processor ( DSP ) is specialized for signal processing.
Other microcontrollers may serve performance-critical roles, where they may need to act more like a digital signal processor ( DSP ), with higher clock speeds and power consumption.
In such systems the DSP could be booted by another processor which is sometimes referred as the host processor ( giving name to a Host Port ).
Such a processor is also sometimes referred as the master, since it usually boots first from its own memories and then controls overall system behavior, including booting of the DSP, and then further controlling the DSP's behavior.
The DSP often lacks its own boot memories and relies on the host processor to supply the required code instead.
Given a fixed physical relationship in space between the different individual microphone transducer array elements, simultaneous DSP ( digital signal processor ) processing of the signals from each of the individual microphone array elements can create one or more " virtual " microphones.
For example, in order to perform digital filters fast enough, the MAC instruction in a typical digital signal processor ( DSP ) must be implemented using a kind of Harvard architecture that can fetch an instruction and two data words simultaneously, and it requires a single-cycle multiply – accumulate multiplier.
The i860's VLIW mode was used extensively in embedded DSP applications since the application execution and datasets were simple, well ordered and predictable, allowing the designer to take full advantage of the parallel execution advantages that VLIW lent itself to ; in VLIW mode the i860 was able to maintain floating-point performance in the range of 20-40 double-precision MFLOPS ( an extremely high figure for its time and for a processor operating at 25-50Mhz ).
The Infineon Carmel DSP is another VLIW processor core intended for SoC ; it uses a similar code density improvement technique called " configurable long instruction word " ( CLIW ).
Coprocessor-boards ( such as the TARGA Truevision series ) were designed around special CPU or digital signal processor ( DSP ) chips, which in theory could execute a compiled program.
The Motorola DSP56000 ( aka 56K ) is a family of digital signal processor ( DSP ) chips produced by Motorola Semiconductor ( now known as Freescale Semiconductor ) starting in the 1980s and is still being produced in more advanced models in the 2000s.
With extended data paths for efficient DSP processing, special accumulators and a dedicated MAC-type DSP engine, this core was unifying the DSP and the RISC processor world.
The Motorola 96XXX ( aka 96000, 96K ) is a family of digital signal processor ( DSP ) chips produced by Motorola.
A digital signal processor ( DSP ) is a specialized microprocessor with an architecture optimized for the fast operational needs of digital signal processing.
XMOS produces a multi-core multi-threaded line of processor well suited to DSP operations, They come in various speeds ranging from 400 to 1600 MIPS.
The Blackfin family of embedded digital signal processors combine the features of a DSP with those of a general use processor.
* IBM Mwave – Combined modem and sound digital signal processor ( DSP ) card allowing soft upgrades within its hardware limitations.
The SHARC DSP and MIPS-X use a double branch delay slot ; such a processor will execute a pair of instructions following a branch instruction before the branch takes effect.
DSP and ICs
As more sophisticated transmission schemes were devised, the circuits grew in complexity, mixing analog with digital parts and eventually incorporating multiple ICs such as logical gates, PLLs and microcontrollers, while the techniques used in modern v34, v. 90 and v. 92 protocols ( like 1024-QAM ) are so complex that implementing a modem supporting them with discrete components or general purpose IC's would be very impractical, and a dedicated DSP or ASIC is used instead, effectively turning the modem into a special embedded system, a dedicated computer in its own right.
The company is a leading manufacturer of analog, mixed-signal and digital signal processing ( DSP ) integrated circuits ( ICs ) used in electronic equipment.
These technologies include data converters, amplifiers, radio frequency ( RF ) technologies, embedded processors or digital signal processing ( DSP ) ICs, micro-electromechanical systems ( MEMS ) and sensors, power management, and interface products.
The Texas Instruments LPC Speech Chips are a series of speech synthesizer DSP ICs created by Texas Instruments beginning in 1978.
Cirrus Logic () is a fabless semiconductor supplier specializing in analog, mixed-signal, and audio DSP integrated circuits ( ICs ).
DSP and are
The main applications of DSP are audio signal processing, audio compression, digital image processing, video compression, speech processing, speech recognition, digital communications, RADAR, SONAR, seismology and biomedicine.
This is essentially no different than any other data processing, except DSP mathematical techniques ( such as the FFT ) are used, and the sampled data is usually assumed to be uniformly sampled in time or space.
The most notable systems with such a design are cell phones, modems, audio and video players and so on, where a DSP and a CPU / microcontroller are co-existing.
These trade-offs are entirely logical on DSP systems, where memory is often at a premium compared to multiplier performance.
Embedded systems contain processing cores that are either microcontrollers or digital signal processors ( DSP ).
Embedded VLIW products are available from several vendors, including the FR-V from Fujitsu, the BSP15 / 16 from Pixelworks, the ST231 from STMicroelectronics, the TriMedia from NXP, the CEVA-X DSP from CEVA, the Jazz DSP from Improv Systems, and Silicon Hive.
Today, gate arrays are evolving into structured ASICs that consist of a large IP core like a CPU, DSP unit, peripherals, standard interfaces, integrated memories SRAM, and a block of reconfigurable, uncommited logic.
Most general-purpose microprocessors and operating systems can execute DSP algorithms successfully, but are not suitable for use in portable devices such as mobile phones and PDAs because of power supply and space constraints.
Some useful features for optimizing DSP algorithms are outlined below.
By the standards of general-purpose processors, DSP instruction sets are often highly irregular.
Generally, DSP's are dedicated integrated circuits ; however DSP functionality can also be produced by using field-programmable gate array chips ( FPGA ’ s ).
Embedded general-purpose RISC processors are becoming increasingly DSP like in functionality.
First launched in 1970, the company built all 23 reconnaissance satellites in the Defense Support Program ( DSP ), which are the principal components of the Satellite Early Warning System currently used by the United States.
Because it has been extremely difficult to carry out DSP operations ( for example performing EQ, balance, panning and other changes in the digital domain ) in a 1-bit environment, and because of the prevalence of studio equipment such as Pro Tools, which is solely PCM-based, the vast majority of SACDs — especially rock and contemporary music which relies on multitrack techniques — are in fact mixed in PCM ( or mixed analog and recorded on PCM recorders ) and then converted to DSD for SACD mastering.
Professional MIDI controller keyboards often also have an array of knobs and sliders to modulate various MIDI controls, which are often used to control DSP effects.
However, since they are also simple MIDI devices, foot switches can usually be configured to turn on and off any MIDI control, such as turning of one of the DSP effects, or the auto-harmony.
Branch delay slots are found mainly in DSP architectures and older RISC architectures.
Certain models of sound cards have been fitted with dedicated processors providing digital multichannel mixing and real-time DSP effects as early as 1990 to 1994 ( the Gravis Ultrasound and Sound Blaster AWE32 being typical examples ), while the Sound Blaster Audigy and the Sound Blaster X-Fi are more recent examples.
With these results, 112 candidates ( 13 of these MPs are DSP affiliates ) were elected to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey from the CHP electoral sheet compared to 178 in 2002.
Nonetheless, the DSP has retained a core membership drawn from each upsurge of political struggle, some of whom are founding members of the party back in 1972.
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