In total, these increases in operating costs outweigh the savings that result from declining programs and from economy measures, such as reduced numbers of units and installations, smaller inventories of major equipment, and improvements in the supply and distribution systems of the Armed Forces.

Research and development expenditures connected with the reconnaissance satellite SAMOS and the future development of ballistic missile defense systems such as Nike-Zeus are expected to increase substantially.

Where boundary maintenance describes the boundaries or limits of the group, systemic linkage is defined `` as the process whereby one or more of the elements of at least two social systems is articulated in such a manner that the two systems in some ways and on some occasions may be viewed as a single unit.

As already noted in an earlier paragraph, the more familiar cost analyses of utility enterprises or utility systems divide the total costs among a number of major classes of service, such as residential, commercial, industrial power, street lighting, etc..

In an over-all ASW concept, dependence on and effort expended for such systems should be limited to those with proven capabilities.

The preparation of such products is not new, but the systems heretofore employed in polymerizations have commanded considerable experimental skill and starting materials of a high purity.

Of the potentially useful sources of ionizing radiations, gamma sources, cobalt-60, cesium-137, fission products, or a reactor irradiation loop system using a material such as an indium salt have received most attention for food-preservation systems.

There is no corresponding right to a writ in any pure or continental civil law legal systems, though some mixed systems such as Quebec recognize these prerogative writs.

An example would be the systems being put in place for senior people such as fall detectors, thermometers ( for hypothermia risk ), flooding and unlit gas sensors ( for people with mild dementia ).

This is in contrast to other types of writing systems, such as logographies, in which each character represents a word, morpheme or semantic unit, and syllabaries, in which each character represents a syllable.

In other types of alphabet either the vowels are not indicated at all, as was the case in the Phoenician alphabet ( such systems are known as abjads ), or else the vowels are shown by diacritics or modification of consonants, as in the devanagari used in India and Nepal ( these systems are known as abugidas or alphasyllabaries ).

Recently however, funding of projects such as the Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research and Near Earth Asteroid Tracking projects has meant that most comets are now discovered by automated systems, long before it is possible for amateurs to see them.

Asparagales is the name of an order of plants, used in modern classification systems such as the APG III system ( which is used throughout this article ).

Under the Cronquist system of taxonomic classification of flowering plants Asteraceae was the only family in the group, but newer systems ( such as APG II and APG III ) have expanded it to eleven.

In its pathological form, spiritual anxiety may tend to " drive the person toward the creation of certitude in systems of meaning which are supported by tradition and authority " even though such " undoubted certitude is not built on the rock of reality ".

Sometimes slightly stronger theories such as Morse-Kelley set theory or set theory with a strongly inaccessible cardinal allowing the use of a Grothendieck universe are used, but in fact most mathematicians can actually prove all they need in systems weaker than ZFC, such as second-order arithmetic.

The idea that alternative mathematical systems might exist was very troubling to mathematicians of the 19th century and the developers of systems such as Boolean algebra made elaborate efforts to derive them from traditional arithmetic.

Writing systems that indicate consonants but do not indicate most vowels ( like the Aramaic one ) or indicate them with added diacritical signs, have been called abjads by Peter T. Daniels to distinguish them from later alphabets, such as Greek, that represent vowels more systematically.

Therefore as analog signal processing systems become more complex, they may ultimately degrade signal resolution to such an extent that their performance is surpassed by digital systems.

DSP algorithms have long been run on standard computers, on specialized processors called digital signal processor on purpose-built hardware such as application-specific integrated circuit ( ASICs ).

This is essentially no different than any other data processing, except DSP mathematical techniques ( such as the FFT ) are used, and the sampled data is usually assumed to be uniformly sampled in time or space.

However, when the application requirement is real-time, DSP is often implemented using specialised microprocessors such as the DSP56000, the TMS320, or the SHARC.

Surprisingly, vertebrates have only one such protein with DSP domain as well as CBM-20 domain.

Processing is done by general-purpose computers or by digital circuits such as ASICs, field-programmable gate arrays or specialized digital signal processors ( DSP chips ).

The most notable systems with such a design are cell phones, modems, audio and video players and so on, where a DSP and a CPU / microcontroller are co-existing.

In some high performance applications, an FPGA or ASIC is used instead of a general purpose microprocessor, or a specialized DSP with specific paralleled architecture for expediting operations such as filtering.

* For systems using digital signal processing, developers may use a math workbench such as Scilab / Scicos, MATLAB / Simulink, EICASLAB, MathCad, Mathematica, or FlowStone DSP to simulate the mathematics.

Coprocessor-boards ( such as the TARGA Truevision series ) were designed around special CPU or digital signal processor ( DSP ) chips, which in theory could execute a compiled program.

Many head units also feature a DSP component, and equalization component ( such as bass and treble controls ), or a control interface for another feature on the car ( such as a back-up / parking camera, navigation system, trip odometer, etc.

Most general-purpose microprocessors and operating systems can execute DSP algorithms successfully, but are not suitable for use in portable devices such as mobile phones and PDAs because of power supply and space constraints.

Many fundamental DSP algorithms, such as FIR filters or the Fast Fourier transform ( FFT ) depend heavily on multiply – accumulate performance.

GeoPort slightly modified the existing Mac serial port pins to allow the computer's internal DSP hardware or software to send data that, when passed to a digital-to-analog converter, emulated various devices such as modems and fax machines.

As more sophisticated transmission schemes were devised, the circuits grew in complexity, mixing analog with digital parts and eventually incorporating multiple ICs such as logical gates, PLLs and microcontrollers, while the techniques used in modern v34, v. 90 and v. 92 protocols ( like 1024-QAM ) are so complex that implementing a modem supporting them with discrete components or general purpose IC's would be very impractical, and a dedicated DSP or ASIC is used instead, effectively turning the modem into a special embedded system, a dedicated computer in its own right.

Modems such as those made by U. S. Robotics used generic DSP architecture, which achieves the flexibility of softmodems, without sacrificing compatibility.

The argument is that a softmodem isn't a real modem at all, but rather a simple electrical interface between computer and phone line, limiting itself to very basic functions such as voltage / current adaptation and functioning essentially as a DAC / ADC, much like a sound card which handles pure PCM and analog signals from and to the telephone line, while the host's CPU does the actual job of synthesizing or analyzing all necessary waveforms ( carrier, dialing tones ) and applying all necessary DSP techniques ( FSK, QAM, PSK etc.

* Microelectronics, such as FPGA and DSP systems

Because it has been extremely difficult to carry out DSP operations ( for example performing EQ, balance, panning and other changes in the digital domain ) in a 1-bit environment, and because of the prevalence of studio equipment such as Pro Tools, which is solely PCM-based, the vast majority of SACDs — especially rock and contemporary music which relies on multitrack techniques — are in fact mixed in PCM ( or mixed analog and recorded on PCM recorders ) and then converted to DSD for SACD mastering.

However, since they are also simple MIDI devices, foot switches can usually be configured to turn on and off any MIDI control, such as turning of one of the DSP effects, or the auto-harmony.

The SHARC DSP and MIPS-X use a double branch delay slot ; such a processor will execute a pair of instructions following a branch instruction before the branch takes effect.

Many plug-ins, particularly those which run on DSP Cards such as UAD-1 or Powercore, cannot process their audio within a 1-sample time period and therefore introduce extra latency into the system.

Many of Mathew's implementations ( such as using pre-calculated arrays for waveform and envelope storage, the use of a scheduler that runs in musical time rather than at audio rate ) are the norm for most hardware and software synthesis and audio DSP systems today.

Wire, a graphical editor for JSyn routines, also allows developers to create DSP chains using a simple GUI that gives the API some of the ease of use of programs such as Max / MSP.