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De Re Militari ( Latin " Concerning Military Matters "), also Epitoma Rei Militaris, is a treatise by the late Latin writer Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus about Roman warfare and military principles as a presentation of methods and practices in use during the height of Rome's power, and responsible for that power.
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His detailed observations, included in his De Re Aedificatoria ( 1452, Ten Books of Architecture ), were patterned after the De architectura by the Roman architect and engineer Vitruvius ( fl.
* Alberti wrote an influential work on architecture, De Re Aedificatoria, which by the 18th century had been translated into Italian, French, Spanish and English.
Marcus Apicius's ancient cookbook De Re Coquinaria described polus, a Roman soup dating back to 30 AD made up of farro, chickpeas, and fava beans, with onions, garlic, lard, and greens thrown in.
According to the late Roman writer Vegetius ' De Re Militari, each century had a ballista and each cohort had an onager, giving the legion a formidable siege train of 59 Ballistae and 10 Onagers each manned by 10 libritors ( artillerymen ) and mounted on wagons drawn by oxen or mules.
In the early 15th century, Italian architect Leon Battista Alberti wrote a treatise entitled De Re aedificatoria which theorized methods of building fortifications capable of withstanding the new guns.
* Jean de Meun translates Vegetius ' 4th century military treatise De Re Militari from Latin into French.
* 1284 – Jean de Meun translates Vegetius ' 4th century military treatise De Re Militari from Latin into French.
* 1485 – Leon Battista Alberti's De Re Aedificatoria ( written 1443 – 52 and published posthumously ) becomes the first printed work on architecture.
By 1556 Georgius Agricola's treatment of mining and smelting of ore, De Re Metallica, included a detailed description of dowsing for metal ore.
For example the ancient hand-book of warfare written by Vegetius called De Re Militari was translated into French in the 13th century as L ' art de chevalerie by Jean de Meun.
This signum is described in the surviving epitome of Vegetius De Re Militari 379 CE —" The first sign of the entire legion is the eagle, which the eagle-bearer carries.
Two major works on tactics come from the late Roman period: Taktike Theoria by Aelianus Tacticus and De Re Militari (" On military matters ") by Vegetius.
Most likely Mathilde rewarded him with a copy of Vegetius ' work De Re Militari which was written in Essen and survived in England.
De and Militari
Nothing is known of his life or station beyond what he tells us in his two surviving works: Epitoma rei militaris ( also referred to as De Re Militari ), and the lesser-known Digesta Artis Mulomedicinae, a guide to veterinary medicine.
Despite the romanticism extolling the idealized virtues of the Roman legion of an earlier time, Vegetius ' De Re Militari remains a reliable and useful insight into the success of the early Roman Empire.
In that sense De Re Militari is a projection of Roman civilization into modern times and a continuation of its influence on its cultural descendants.
The author of De Re Militari was Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus, who lived in the late 4th century and possibly the early 5th century.
Heavily used in its own time, De Re Militari became a popular manual on warfare in the Middle Ages, especially between 9th and 16th centuries, even if some of the information was unsuitable to later times and circumstances.
De Re Militari came to the forefront in the late Carolingian period through Hrabanus Maurus ( d. 856 ), who used the text for his own manual De Procincta Romaniae Militiae, composed for Lothair II of Lotharingia ( r. 855-869 ).
De and Latin
Among his very numerous works two poems entitle him to a distinguished place in the Latin literature of the Middle Ages ; one of these, the De planctu naturae, is an ingenious satire on the vices of humanity.
An exception to this general tendency is his Latin treatise " De falconibus " ( later inserted in the larger work, De Animalibus, as book 23, chapter 40 ), in which he displays impressive actual knowledge of a ) the differences between the birds of prey and the other kinds of birds ; b ) the different kinds of falcons ; c ) the way of preparing them for the hunt ; and d ) the cures for sick and wounded falcons.
Several of Alexander's works were published in the Aldine edition of Aristotle, Venice, 1495 – 1498 ; his De Fato and De Anima were printed along with the works of Themistius at Venice ( 1534 ); the former work, which has been translated into Latin by Grotius and also by Schulthess, was edited by J. C. Orelli, Zürich, 1824 ; and his commentaries on the Metaphysica by H. Bonitz, Berlin, 1847.
Latin translation of Abū Maʿshar's De Magnis Coniunctionibus (‘ Of the great Conjunction ( astronomy and astrology ) | conjunctions ’), Venice, 1515. Astrology was taken up by Islamic scholars following the collapse of Alexandria to the Arabs in the 7th century, and the founding of the Abbasid empire in the 8th.
One of these was his De arte metrica, a discussion of the composition of Latin verse, drawing on previous grammarians work.
Bede dedicated this work to Cuthbert, apparently a student, for he is named " beloved son " in the dedication, and Bede says " I have laboured to educate you in divine letters and ecclesiastical statutes " Another textbook of Bede's is the De orthographia, a work on orthography, designed to help a medieval reader of Latin with unfamiliar abbreviations and words from classical Latin works.
Divi Cæcilii Cypriani, Carthaginensis Episcopi, Opera Omnia ; accessit J. Firmici Materni, Viri Clarissimi, De Errore Profanarum Religionum ( in Latin ).
In the late 18th century the Italian physician and anatomist Luigi Galvani marked the birth of electrochemistry by establishing a bridge between chemical reactions and electricity on his essay " De Viribus Electricitatis in Motu Musculari Commentarius " ( Latin for Commentary on the Effect of Electricity on Muscular Motion ) in 1791 where he proposed a " nerveo-electrical substance " on biological life forms.
In 1600, the English scientist William Gilbert returned to the subject in De Magnete, and coined the New Latin word electricus from ηλεκτρον ( elektron ), the Greek word for " amber ", which soon gave rise to the English words " electric " and " electricity.
* De triumphis ecclesiae, a Latin epic in elegiac metre, written c. 1250 by Johannes de Garlandia, an English grammarian who taught at the universities of Toulouse and Paris.
In 1766 he published a doctoral dissertation with the Latin title De planetarum influxu in corpus humanum ( On the Influence of the Planets on the Human Body ), which discussed the influence of the Moon and the planets on the human body and on disease.
This New Learning and the Humanist movement, particularly the work of Linacre, promoted literae humaniores including Galen in the Latin scientific canon, De Naturalibus Facultatibus appearing in London in 1523.
* Agricola's work on gemstones and mineralogy: De Natura Fossilium, translated from Latin by Mark Chance Bandy
The first recorded use of incunabula as a printing term is in a Latin pamphlet by Bernhard von Mallinckrodt, De ortu et progressu artis typographicae (" Of the rise and progress of the typographic art ", Cologne, 1639 ), which includes the phrase prima typographicae incunabula, " the first infancy of printing ", a term to which he arbitrarily set an end, 1500, which still stands as a convention.
He then wrote a seven-volume account in Greek known to us as the Jewish War ( Latin Bellum Judaicum or De Bello Judaico ).
This treatise ( Della pittura ) was also known in Latin as De Pictura, and it relied in its scientific content on classical optics in determining perspective as a geometric instrument of artistic and architectural representation.
An Italian translation of De pictura ( Della pittura ) was published in 1436, one year after the original Latin version and addressed Filippo Brunelleschi in the preface.
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