Defeasibility as corrigibility: Here, a person learns something new that annuls a prior inference.

Defeasibility as shorthand for preconditions: Here, the author of a set of rules or legislative code is writing rules with exceptions.

Defeasibility as an anytime algorithm: Here, it is assumed that calculating arguments takes time, and at any given time, based on a subset of the potentially constructible arguments, a conclusion is defeasibly justified.

Defeasibility theory maintains that there should be no overriding or defeating truths for the reasons that justify one's belief.

" Criteria, Defeasibility, and Knowledge ," Proceedings of the British Academy, pp. 455 – 79.

* Marshall Swain: " Epistemic Defeasibility ", < cite > American Philosophical Quarterly </ cite >, v. II n. 1 ( January 1974 ).

Defeasibility had always been closely related to argument, rhetoric, and law, except in epistemology, where the chains of reasons, and the origin of reasons, were not often discussed.

Defeasibility has to do with the alternation of verdict as locutions are made and cases presented, not the changing of a mind with respect to new ( empirical ) discovery.

* “ Criteria, Defeasibility, and Knowledge ”, Proceedings of the British Academy lxviii ( 1982 ), 455-79 ; reprinted in part in Jonathan Dancy, ed., Perceptual Knowledge ( Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1988 )

If man is actually the product of his environment and if science can discover the laws of human nature and the ways in which environment determines what people do, then someone -- a someone probably standing outside traditional systems of values -- can turn around and develop completely efficient means for controlling people.

Basically, this means that simpler processing equipment ( the mixture has good flowing characteristics ) and less external heat ( the foaming reaction is exothermic and develops internal heat ) are required in one-shot foaming, although, at the same time, the problems of controlling the conditions of one-shot foaming are critical ones.

Aircraft have means of automatically controlling flight.

Content-control software, content filtering software, secure web gateways, censorware, and web filtering software are terms for software designed and optimized for controlling what content is permitted to a reader, especially when it is used to restrict material delivered over the Internet via the Web, e-mail, or other means.

The advent of digital technology in photography has provided additional means of controlling the extent of image sharpness ; some methods allow extended DOF that would be impossible with traditional techniques, and some allow the DOF to be determined after the image is made.

The town authorities might be represented in the guild meetings and thus had a means of controlling the handicraft activities.

By 1937 a means of controlling the disease had been found, but many of the affected areas remained out of production because a significant share of the market formerly held by Honduras had shifted to other nations.

While other guidance systems have been tried, the basic reliability of wire-guidance means this will remain the primary means of controlling anti-tank missile in the near future.

Although stimulus-response mechanisms are the easiest to understand, the nervous system is also capable of controlling the body in ways that do not require an external stimulus, by means of internally generated rhythms of activity.

The city's significance as a shipping port made it a desirable prize as a means of controlling important river and railroad transportation routes.

A profession tends to dominate, police and protect its area of expertise and the conduct of its members, and exercises a dominating influence over its entire field which means that professions can act monopolist, rebuffing competition from ancillary trades and occupations, as well as subordinating and controlling lesser but related trades.

As large scale information systems become more common, there is so much information stored in many databases worldwide that an individual has no practical means of knowing of or controlling all of the information about themselves that others may have hold or access.

The field of Digital Signage is embracing SMIL as a means of controlling dynamic advertising in public areas.

In some locations, semi-cultivating Japanese knotweed for food has been used as a means of controlling knotweed populations that invade sensitive wetland areas and drive out the native vegetation .. Use in Japan as sansai or wild foraged vegetable is discussed below under (# Japan ).

* ectothermy, controlling body temperature through external means, such as by basking in the sun

In New Zealand wire fences must provide passage for dogs since they are the main means of controlling and driving animals on farms.

Historically, a crossbar switch consisted of metal bars associated with each input and output, together with some means of controlling movable contacts at each cross-point.

Between the two groups there was a third small group, the assimilados, comprising native blacks, mulatos, Asians, and mixed-race people, who had at least some formal education, were not subjected to paid forced labor, were entitled to some citizenship rights, and held a special identification card that differed from the one imposed on the immense mass of the African population ( the indigenas ), a card that the colonial authorities conceived of as a means of controlling the movements of forced labor ( CEA 1998 ).

The correct fuel level in the bowl is maintained by means of a float controlling an inlet valve, in a manner very similar to that employed in a cistern ( e. g. a toilet tank ).

During first-stage flight, the vehicle was guided by a gyro-controlled autopilot controlling both air-vanes and jet vanes on the first stage by means of servos.

Likewise, Islamic religious tradition and codes, together with traditional practices, provide the principal means of controlling personal conduct and settling legal disputes.

The view that the Council's role was to foster collegiality among departments also gave way to the need by successive Presidents to use the Council as a means of controlling and managing competing departments.

She also wrote that women fare better when controlling the means of production and that equality with men should not be supported, even if female domination is no more "' just '" than male domination.

Flocking has also been considered as a means of controlling the behavior of Unmanned Air Vehicles ( UAVs ).

*" Courtroom lying is justified within the police culture by the same sort of necessity rationale that courts have permitted police to employ at the investigative stage: The end justifies the means.

Through their own distinct investigative means, the two protagonists discover more about the shadowy group, which is called Sigma.

" Adultism convinces us as children that children don't really count ," reports an investigative study, and it " becomes extremely important to us to have the approval of adults and be ' in good ' with them, even if it means betraying our fellow children.

* Il Bavaglio (" The Gag ") mostly about the Italian politicians ' plans to limit freedom of speech and the investigative means of Italian Prosecutors investigating political corruption

Here Wright gave a slight sigh of weariness, and continued, `` It means more long years lived across the social grain of the life of our people, making shift to live in the face of popular disrespect and misunderstanding as I best can for myself and those dependent upon me ''.

In the university milieu of scholarship and research, of social diversity, of new ideas and varied and wide-ranging interests, `` socialization '' into a campus culture apparently means heightened appreciation of the idea of a liberal education in the arts and sciences.

And to do this requires first of all the kind of information about people which is provided by the scientists in industrial anthropology and consumer research, who, for example, tell Courtenay that three days is the `` optimum priming period for a closed social circuit to be triggered with a catalytic cue-phrase '' -- which means that an effective propaganda technique is to send an idea into circulation and then three days later reinforce or undermine it.

After all, social life in the group of the bees is by no means general, although it certainly is a striking feature.

It is conceived that one of the means to attain this social distance is that of physical and social isolation.

By means of this social control, deviance is either eliminated or somehow made compatible with the function of the social group.

Confused and divided though this tradition may be, it is an important part of the social and cultural heritage of the group, and acts as a means of socialization, particularly for members of the rural community.

But another cause may lie in the experience of so many new postwar faculty members with their own use of education as a means of social advancement.

This means that the antennae of the congregation are extended into the community, picking up the wave lengths of those who will fit into the social and economic level of the congregation ; ;

the lay ministry is a means to recruit like-minded people who will strengthen the social class nucleus of the congregation.

Other major ideas in the book of Amos include: social justice and concern for the disadvantaged ; the idea that Israel's covenant with God did not exempt them from accountability for sin ; God is God of all nations ; God is judge of all nations ; God is God of moral righteousness ; God made all people ; God elected Israel and then liberated Israel so that He would be known throughout the world ; election by God means that those elected are responsible to live according to the purposes clearly outlined to them in the covenant ; if God destroys the unjust, a remnant will remain ; and God is free to judge whether to redeem Israel.

A deeper criticism of Green archaeoastronomy is that while it can answer whether there was likely to be an interest in astronomy in past times, its lack of a social element means that it struggles to answer why people would be interested, which makes it of limited use to people asking questions about the society of the past.

Humans evaluate the acceptability of behavior using social norms and regulate behavior by means of social control.

Complications occurs for terms such as UFO, which literally means " unidentified flying object " but connotes alien spacecraft, a concept also associated with some conspiracy theories, and thus possessing a certain social stigma.

They are taking form in independent bookstores, coffeehouses, local pubs, and through new and innovative means to create the social capital needed to foster the sense and spirit of community.

Castes become a means to block social mobility.

While previous wars were fought for social, religious, even cultural reasons, Clausewitz taught that war is merely " a continuation of politics by other means.

Critical psychology challenges mainstream psychology and attempts to apply psychological understandings in more progressive ways, often looking towards social change as a means of preventing and treating psychopathology.

Instead, radical psychologists examined the role of society in causing and treating problems and looked towards social change as an alternative to therapy to treat mental illness and as a means of preventing psychopathology.

That means a social rule changes over time within the same society.

Finally, as schools become a means for social reconstruction, our educations must be given the proper equipment to help perform this task and guide their students.

Here, we are told, ' We need to go beyond the pleasure principle, the reality principle, and repetition compulsion to ... the fantasy principle ' - ' not, as Freud did, reduce fantasies to wishes ... consider all other imaginable emotions '; and thus envisage emotional fantasies as a possible means of moving beyond stereotypes to more nuanced forms of personal and social relating.