DDT became a prime target of the growing anti-chemical and anti-pesticide movements, and in 1967 a group of scientists and lawyers founded the Environmental Defense Fund ( EDF ) with the specific goal of winning a ban on DDT.

Defense lawyers who are appealing the verdicts, have also described the alleged " killers " as heroes "

Chambers and his founding partners, James E. Ferguson, II and Adam Stein, working with lawyers of the Legal Defense Fund, successfully litigated civil rights cases and helped shape the contours of civil rights law by winning landmark United States Supreme Court rulings in such cases as Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenburg Board of Education, 402 U. S. 1 ( 1971 ), the famous school busing decision, and Griggs v. Duke Power Co. 401 U. S. 424, 91 S. Ct.

In 1971, volunteer lawyers who had worked with the Sierra Club established the Sierra Club Legal Defense Fund.

Shortly after September 26, 2002, a Gulfstream jet carrying David Addington, Alberto Gonzales, John A. Rizzo, William Haynes II, two Justice Department lawyers, Alice S. Fisher and Patrick F. Philbin, and then-Special Counsel to the General Couonsel of the Department of Defense Jack Goldsmith flew to Camp Delta to view Mohammed al-Kahtani, then to Charleston, South Carolina to view Padilla, and finally to Norfolk, Virginia to view Yaser Esam Hamdi.

In 1953 the NAACP Legal Defense Fund asked Commager for advice for their argument before the Supreme Court for the case of Brown vs Board of Education, but at the time he was not persuaded that this litigation would succeed on historical grounds, and so advised the lawyers.

Volunteer lawyers from the NAACP Legal Defense Fund Inc (" Ink Fund "), National Lawyers Guild, Lawyer's Constitutional Defense Committee ( LCDC ) an arm of the ACLU, and the Lawyers ' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law ( LCCR ) provided free legal services — handling arrests, freedom of speech, voter registration and other matters.

Defense lawyers, who had to be party members, were required to take their client's guilt for granted ..."

Defense lawyers filed numerous unsuccessful appeals that challenged the conduct of the grand jury, the contempt fines, the execution of the search warrants and various trial procedures.

Defense lawyers made an unusual appeal asking for a delay, which was rejected.

Defense lawyers filed a new motion for MacDonald to be freed on bail pending appeal, but the Fourth Circuit refused.

Defense lawyers hoped that the results would tie Stoeckley and her associate Greg Mitchell to the scene.

Stroup worked as a lobbyist for family farmers for a few years in Washington, DC, and he lobbied for artists in Boston, MA, before being hired as the executive director of the National Association for Criminal Defense Lawyers ( NACDL ), the specialized bar association for criminal lawyers, also in Washington, DC, where he worked from 1989 through 1994.

Most actions that fall under the international definition do not fall within this new definition advocated by the U. S. Several top military lawyers, including Alberto J. Mora, reported that policies allowing methods equivalent to torture were officially handed down from the highest levels of the administration, and led an effort within the Department of Defense to put a stop to those policies and instead mandate non-coercive interrogation standards.

* Texas Appleseed led the coalition to draft and pass the Fair Defense Act, which fundamentally changed the way lawyers are appointed for low-income criminal defendants in Texas, and led to local reforms to create special appointment mechanisms and practices for defendants with mental illness.

The Alliance Defense Fund ( ADF ) provided defense for Shirley Dobson while government lawyers asked U. S. District Judge Barbara Crabb to dismiss the case, arguing principally that the group has no legal standing to sue.

According to an op-ed in the November 14, 2005 New York Times by M. Gregg Bloche and Jonathan H. Marks, two lawyers with no first-hand knowledge of SERE, " General Hill had sent this list -- which included prolonged isolation and sleep deprivation, stress positions, physical assault and the exploitation of detainees ' phobias -- to Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, who approved most of the tactics in December 2002.

Defense lawyers, meanwhile, argue that the defendant is not guilty by reason of insanity.

Defense lawyers and the corporations they represent, on the other hand, advocate more demanding standards, for opposite reasons.

Department of Defense lawyers, the Army pleading to Congress, had advised that specifying the caliber DIVAD's gun would be ' anti-competitive ' and could lead to lawsuits -' the most ludicrous excuse I've ever heard ' a high-ranking Pentagon official had told me.

Due to restrictions imposed by the United States Department of Defense, lawyers ' notes must be filed with an intelligence clearing house in Virginia, before release.

Additionally, civilian and uniformed military lawyers said provisions in several federal statutes, including the Fiscal Year 2000 Defense Department Authorization Act, Public Law 106-65, permits the secretary of defense to authorize military forces to support civilian agencies, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation, in the event of a national emergency, especially any involving nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons.

On September 21, 1996, barely three years after the " Don't Ask, Don't Tell " imbroglio, and further straining relations with the LGBT community, Clinton signed into law the Defense of Marriage Act ( DOMA ), which defines marriage as the legal union of one man and one woman.

Improving the law Enforcement-Intelligence Community Relationship National Defense Intelligence College Washington, DC June 2007

As stated in the U. S. Code, the Commandant shall preside over the Headquarters, Marine Corps, transmit the plans and recommendations of the Headquarters, Marine Corps, to the Secretary and advise the Secretary with regard to such plans and recommendations, after approval of the plans or recommendations of the Headquarters, Marine Corps, by the Secretary, act as the agent of the Secretary in carrying them into effect, exercise supervision, consistent with the authority assigned to commanders of unified or specified combatant commands under chapter 6 of this title, over such of the members and organizations of the Marine Corps and the Navy as the Secretary determines, perform the duties prescribed for him by section 171 of this title and other provisions of law and perform such other military duties, not otherwise assigned by law, as are assigned to him by the President, the Secretary of Defense, or the Secretary of the Navy.

" James's reading of The True Law of Free Monarchies allowed that "... a good king will frame all his actions to be according to the law, yet is he not bound thereto but of his good will ..." James also had printed his Defense of the Right of Kings in the face of English theories of inalienable popular and clerical rights.

::: The President is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, shall preside over the Supreme Council of Defense established by law, and shall make declarations of war as have been agreed by Parliament.

* 1916 – The National Defense Act is signed into law, increasing the size of the United States National Guard by 450, 000 men.

* 1947 – Cold War: U. S. President Harry S. Truman signs the National Security Act of 1947 into United States law creating the Central Intelligence Agency, United States Department of Defense, United States Air Force, Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the United States National Security Council.

Krav Maga is used by Israeli Defense Forces, both regular and special forces, and several closely related variations have been developed and adopted by law enforcement and intelligence organizations, Mossad and Shin Bet.

* October 1 – U. S. President Ronald Reagan signs the Goldwater – Nichols Act into law, making official the largest reorganization of the United States Department of Defense since the Air Force was made a separate branch of service in 1947.

* November 25 – U. S. President George W. Bush signs the Homeland Security Act into law, establishing the Department of Homeland Security, in the largest U. S. government reorganization since the creation of the Department of Defense in 1947.

Gray worked with the Environmental Defense Fund ( EDF ), who worked with the EPA to write the bill that became law as part of the Clean Air Act of 1990.

#: Reaction in Congress against the Reconstruction-era suspensions of Southern states ' rights to organize militias led to the passage of the Posse Comitatus Act, restricting any person's use of the U. S. Army and, as later amended, the U. S. Air Force in domestic law enforcement ( use of the Navy and Marine Corps, being uniformed services within the Department of Defense, is similarly restricted by statute ).

This law was challenged and upheld by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1990 in Perpich v. Department of Defense.

The Secretary of Defense is appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate, and is by custom a member of the Cabinet and by law a member of the National Security Council.

The Secretary of the Navy is responsible for, and has statutory authority () to " conduct all the affairs of the Department of the Navy ", i. e. as its chief executive officer, subject to the limits of the law, and the directions of the President and the Secretary of Defense.

The National Defense Education Act ( NDEA ), signed into law on September 2, 1958, provided funding to United States education institutions at all levels.

* In 1954, the Thai Border Patrol Police formed the Volunteer Defense Corps ( also called the Village Scouts ) to provide law and order and emergency or natural disaster response.

) This law is often relied upon to prevent the Department of Defense from interfering in domestic law enforcement.

:: The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to ensure that any activity ( including the provision of any equipment or facility or the assignment or detail of any personnel ) under this chapter does not include or permit direct participation by a member of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps in a search, seizure, arrest, or other similar activity unless participation in such activity by such member is otherwise authorized by law.

These changes were included in the John Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007 (), which was signed into law on October 17, 2006.

In 2012, U. S. President Barack Obama signed the 2012 Defense Authorization Act into law.

* Under, the Attorney General may request that the Secretary of Defense provide emergency assistance if civilian law enforcement is inadequate to address certain types of threats involving the release of nuclear materials, such as potential use of a nuclear or radiological weapon.

Posse Comitatus clarifications emphasize supportive and technical assistance ( e. g., use of facilities, vessels, and aircraft, as well as intelligence support, technological aid, and surveillance ) while generally prohibiting direct participation of Department of Defense personnel in law enforcement ( e. g., search, seizure, and arrests ).